1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 236及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about the impact of social networking by referring to the saying “Social networking platforms drive a man closer to those in neighboring continents, while driving him fu
2、rther apart from those in his neighborhood“ You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you can do to avoid the bad effects of social networking. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） Looking for a person to talk to. （ B） Working on a
3、 troublemaking talking. （ C） Trying to understand the two genders. （ D） Trying to understand friendship between women. （ A） Their favorite players. （ B） Their careers. （ C） Their family. （ D） Their recent life. （ A） Enthusiastic. （ B） Doubtful. （ C） Peaceful. （ D） Cautious. （ A） An effective tool to
4、 help form womens friendship. （ B） A way to understand and appreciate friends. （ C） An access that a woman can express her troubles. （ D） An effective way to achieve something from womens friends. （ A） Reluctant. （ B） Positive. （ C） Ambitious. （ D） Indifferent （ A） No one wants to look at the closet
5、. （ B） The man has already cleaned it up. （ C） It has gradually become a trash can. （ D） It is occupied by lots of useless stuff. （ A） The stairs to upper floor are broken. （ B） The upstairs toilet is full of bleach smell. （ C） It should be entirely cleaned up. （ D） It is often tidied up by the woma
6、ns parents. （ A） Pick up dirty clothes. （ B） Fix the upstairs toilet （ C） Watch the game. （ D） Do the wash. Section B （ A） It allows one to show his personal information. （ B） It offers only the childrens personal information. （ C） It is against parents will to educate the kids. （ D） It only offers
7、stories about other people. （ A） Its a reliable way to make friends online. （ B） It is convenient to get in touch with their parents. （ C） It is regarded as a way of judging high school popularity. （ D） It is regarded as a way of judging subject scores. （ A） There are too many complaints from net us
8、ers. （ B） Hackers attack of MySpace cannot be forbidden. （ C） Parents cannot help checking childrens information. （ D） It is easy for trouble-makers to do harm to children. （ A） Do parents like MySpace? （ B） Is MySpace good or bad? （ C） MySpace is the home of children. （ D） MySpace is the bank of ch
9、ildrens information. （ A） They may feel exhausted. （ B） They may feel very nervous. （ C） They may have heartache. （ D） They may suffer a cold. （ A） The building method the builders use to save energy. （ B） The limit of the flow of air between inside and outside. （ C） The use of man-made building mat
10、erials. （ D） The limit of air-flow and the man-made materials. （ A） To let out clean gas. （ B） To take in harmful gas. （ C） To use various plants. （ D） To let the air flow freely. Section C （ A） The prices of its shares went down. （ B） Most workers in Apple lost their jobs. （ C） The company suffered
11、 heavy losses. （ D） The company faced the risk of bankruptcy. （ A） Challenges from abroad. （ B） Lack of constant upgrading. （ C） Competition of the same trade. （ D） Some countries slowing economies. （ A） Apple is no longer winning the favor of consumers. （ B） Apple is no longer regularly producing e
12、xciting products. （ C） Apple can not provide excellent after-sales service. （ D） The purchasing power of Apples target consumers weakens. （ A） They have some financial problems. （ B） They lack an excellent enterprise culture. （ C） They dont make as much money as before. （ D） They lack an excellent m
13、arketing team. （ A） The speaker enjoyed it in his youth. （ B） It will hurt the new comers. （ C） Many successes began their career from it. （ D） It is the first thing employees must do. （ A） Having great ambitions. （ B） Remaining to be a head clerk. （ C） Working hard for the firm. （ D） Being content
14、with the present. （ A） They cost a lot of money. （ B） They scatter their investment （ C） They often risk investing in unsure projects. （ D） They are not good at cooperating with others. （ A） His former headmaster. （ B） His former classmate. （ C） His former closest friend. （ D） His former lunch lady.
15、 （ A） A day when their lunch staff can have a competition. （ B） A day when their lunch staff can gain double income. （ C） A day when kids can make creative projects for their lunch staff. （ D） A day when kids can enjoy free delicious food for their lunch. （ A） They keep a close eye on every student
16、（ B） What they do is important for education. （ C） All that they do is very helpful for parents. （ D） What they do reflects the quality of schools. Section A 26 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give ser
17、ious thought to how they can best【 C1】 _such changes. Growing bodies need movement and【 C2】 _, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and ne
18、ed the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are【 C3】 _by others. However, the【 C4】_teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing
19、 newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 【 C5】 _student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide【 C6】_opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group【 C7】_ . Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many
20、shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult【 C8】 _visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as lon
21、g as they want and then go on to something else without feeling【 C9】 _and without letting the other participants down. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of【 C10】_by planning for roles that are within their capabilitie
22、s and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. A) dynamics E) displaying I) admired M) accommodate B) multiple F) rarely J) nutrition N) barely C) guidance G) exercise K) commitment O) claimed D) typical H) guilty L) surplus 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【
23、 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Do Britains Energy Firms Serve the Public Interest? A Capitalism is the best and worst of systems. Left to itself, it will embrace the new and uncompromisingly follow the logic of prices and profit, a revolutionary accelerator for necessary change. But i
24、t can only ever react to todays prices, which cannot capture what will happen tomorrow. So, left to itself, capitalism will neglect both the future and the cohesion of the society in which it trades. B What we know, especially after the financial crisis of 2008, is that we cant leave capitalism to i
25、tself. If we want it to work at its best, combining its doctrines with public and social objectives, there is no alternative but to design the markets in which it operates. We also need to try to add in wider obligations than the simple pursuit of economic logic. Otherwise, there lies disaster. C If
26、 this is now obvious in banking, it has just become so in energy. Since 2004, consumers energy bills have nearly tripled, far more than the rise in energy prices. The energy companies demand returns nearly double those in mass retailing. This would be problematic at any time, but when wages in real
27、terms have fallen by some 10% in five years it constitutes a crisis. John Major, pointing to the mass of citizens who now face a choice between eating or being warmas he made the case for a high profits tax on energy companiesdrove home the social reality. The energy market, as it currently operates
28、, is maladaptive and illegitimate. There has to be changed. D The design of this market is now universally recognised as wrong, universally, that is, excepting the regulator and the government. The energy companies are able to disguise their cost structures because there is no general pool into whic
29、h they are required to sell their energyinstead opaquely striking complex internal deals between their generating and supply arms. Yet this is an industry where production and consumption is 24/7 and whose production logic requires such energy pooling. The sector has informally agreed, without regul
30、atory challenge, that it should seek a supply margin of 5%twice that of retailing. E On top the industry also requires long-term price guarantees for investment in renewables and nuclear without any comparable return in lowering its target cost of capital. The national grid, similarly privately owne
31、d, balances its profit maximising aims with a need to ensure security of supply. And every commitment to decarbonise British energy supply by 2030 is passed on to the consumer, rich and poor alike, whatever their capacity to pay. It will also lead to negligible new investment unless backed by govern
32、ment guarantees and subsidies. It could scarcely be worseand with so much energy capacity closing in the next two years constitutes a first-order national crisis. F The general direction of reform is clear. Energy companies should be required to sell their electricity into a pool whose price would b
33、ecome the base price for retail. This would remove the ability to mask the relationship between costs and prices: retail prices would fall as well as rise clearly and unambiguously as pool prices changed. G The grid, which delivers electricity and gas into our homes and is the guarantor that the lig
34、hts wont go out, must be in public ownership, as is Network Rail in the rail industry. It should also be connected to a pan-European grid for additional security. Green commitments, or decisions to support developing renewables, should be paid out of general taxation to take the poll tax element out
35、 of energy bills, with the rich paying more than the poor for the public good. Because returns on investment take decades in the energy industry, despite what free market fundamentalists argue, the state has to assume financial responsibility of energy investment as it is doing with nuclear and rene
36、wables. H The British energy industry has gone from nationalisation to privatisation and back to government control in the space of 25 years. Although the energy industry is nominally in private hands, we have exactly the same approach of government picking winners and dictating investment plans tha
37、t was followed with disastrous consequences from the Second World War to the mid 1980s. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the consumer got unfair treatment because long-term investment plans and contracts promoted by the government required electricity companies to use expensive local coal. I The energy
38、 industry is, once again, controlled by the state. The same underlying drivers dictate policy in the new world of state control. It is not rational economic thinking and public-interested civil servants that determine policy, but interest groups. Going back 30 years, it was the coal industryboth man
39、agement and unionsand the nuclear industry that dictated policy. Tony Benn said he had “never known such a well-organised scientific, industrial and technical lobby“. Today, it is green pressure groups, EU parliamentarians and commissioners and, often, the energy industry itself that are loading bur
40、dens on to consumers. When the state controls the energy industry, whether through the back or the front door, it is vested interests (既得利益 ) that get their way and the consumer who pays. J So how did we get to where we are today? In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the industry was entirely privatis
41、ed. It was recognised that there were natural monopoly elements and so prices in these areas were regulated. At the same time, the regulator was given a duty to promote competition. From 1998, all domestic energy consumers could switch supplier for the first time and then wholesale markets were libe
42、ralised, allowing energy companies to source the cheapest forms of energy. Arguably, this was the high water mark of the liberalisation of the industry. K Privatisation was a great success. Instead of investment policy being dictated by the impulses of government and interest groups, it became dicta
43、ted by long-term commercial considerations. Sadly, the era of liberalised markets, rising efficiency and lower bills did not last long. Both the recent Labour governments and the coalition have pursued similar policies of intervention after intervention to send the energy industry almost back to whe
44、re it started. L One issue that unites left and many on the paternalist right is that of energy security. We certainly need government intervention to keep the lights on and ensure that we are not over-dependent on energy from unstable countries. But it should also be noted that there is nothing mor
45、e insecure than energy arising from a policy determined by vested interests without any concern for commercial considerations. Energy security will not be achieved by requiring energy companies to invest in expensive sources of supply and by making past investments redundant through regulation. It w
46、ill also not be achieved by making the investment environment even more uncertain. Several companies all seeking the cheapest supplies from diverse sources will best serve the interests of energy security. M The UK once had an inefficient and expensive energy industry. After privatisation, costs fel
47、l as the industry served the consumer rather than the mining unions and pro-nuclear interests. Today, after a decade or more of increasing state control, we have an industry that serves vested interests rather than the consumer interest once again. Electricity prices before taxes are now 15% higher
48、than the average of major developed nations. Electricity could be around 50% cheaper without government interventions. We must liberalise again and not complete the circle by returning to nationalisation. 37 It can be said that liberalisation of energy industry reaches a high level in the late 1990s
49、. 38 The rising consumers energy bills, combined with the falling wages, make the energy market more problematic. 39 Coal industry and nuclear industry have both served as interest groups that determine policy in history. 40 The production logic of energy industry calls for an energy pooling which currently does not exist. 41 The British energy industry switched between nationalisation and privatisation for over two decades. 42 Electricity could be half as cheap if there were no government interven
