1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 244及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Haste Makes Waste by commenting on this saying You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1 Section A （ A）
2、Poor management of the hospital. （ B） The health hazard at her work place. （ C） Decisions made by the head technician. （ D） The outdated medical testing procedures. （ A） Transfer her to another department. （ B） Repair the x-ray equipment. （ C） Cut down her workload. （ D） Allow her to go on leave for
3、 two months. （ A） They are virtually impossible to enforce. （ B） Neither is applicable to the womans case. （ C） Both of them have been subject to criticism. （ D） Their requirements may be difficult to meet. （ A） Organize a mass strike. （ B） Compensate for her loss. （ C） Try to help her get it back.
4、（ D） Find her a better paying job. （ A） In giving concessions. （ B） In the concluding part. （ C） In stating your terms. （ D） In the preparatory phase. （ A） Because you can apply science to a negotiation. （ B） Because you have to decide on strategy and tactics. （ C） Because you can execute a negotiat
5、ion scientifically. （ D） Because you have to do lots of studies and researches. （ A） He behaves in a way contrary to his real intention. （ B） He presents his arguments in a straightforward way. （ C） He responds readily to the other partys proposals. （ D） He uses lots of gestures to help make his poi
6、nts clear. （ A） Both may fail when confronting experienced rivals. （ B） The honest type is more effective than the actor type. （ C） Both can succeed depending on the specific situation. （ D） The actor type works better in tough negotiations. Section B （ A） He teaches psychology at Ohio State Univers
7、ity. （ B） He has experience tutoring black students. （ C） He specializes in interpersonal relationships. （ D） He provides counseling for university students. （ A） Black freshmen with high standardized test scores. （ B） Black students from families with low incomes. （ C） Students who are accustomed t
8、o living in dorms. （ D） Students who scored low on standardized tests. （ A） They generally spent more time together than white pairs. （ B） They moved out of the college dorms at the end of the semester. （ C） They were more appreciative of the universitys housing policy. （ D） They broke up more often
9、 than same-race roommates. （ A） They started doing similar activities. （ B） Their test scores rose gradually. （ C） They grew bored of each other. （ D） Their racial attitudes improved. （ A） He is a habitual criminal. （ B） He was accused of family violence. （ C） He was wrongly imprisoned. （ D） He has
10、bitter memories of childhood. （ A） The evidence found at the crime scene. （ B） The testimony of his two friends. （ C） The jurys prejudice against his race. （ D） The two victims identification. （ A） The US judicial system has much room for improvement. （ B） Eyewitnesses are often misled by the lawyer
11、s questions. （ C） Frightened victims can rarely make correct identification. （ D） Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony. Section C （ A） It will affect our physical health. （ B） It will affect our psychosocial health. （ C） It will make our lives worse. （ D） It will make us lazier a
12、nd weaker. （ A） It will make the mistakes familiar to us. （ B） It will help us to fix past mistakes. （ C） It will help us to realize our resolutions. （ D） It will make us feel more energetic. （ A） Too many goals. （ B） Vague goals. （ C） Lack of time. （ D） Inadequate planning. （ A） New laws will be pa
13、ssed to increase new taxes. （ B） Taxes will be used to retain teachers for the future. （ C） School funding will be generated by new taxes. （ D） Income taxes should be used to build schools. （ A） New houses should be built in the downtown area. （ B） New sport fields should be built in the downtown ar
14、ea. （ C） More green areas should be developed in the suburbs. （ D） More businesses should be invested in the suburbs. （ A） More roads need to be built for future generations. （ B） More means of transportation will be built in the future. （ C） A train system will be built to improve transportation. （
15、 D） A road system will be built as a long-term solution to traffic. （ A） He understands the needs of the common man. （ B） He is an experienced career politician. （ C） He fights against big business interests. （ D） He protects educators and business owners. （ A） Drought may increase the risk of infec
16、tious diseases. （ B） Flood may increase the risk of poor nutrition among children. （ C） High temperature weather may cause mental health problems. （ D） Extreme weather may cause the death of people. （ A） Water pollution. （ B） Vehicle emissions. （ C） Air pollution. （ D） Industrial pollution. （ A） To
17、take public transportation. （ B） To increase the use of coal energy. （ C） To reduce health care costs. （ D） To seek global cooperation. Section A 26 The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appr
18、opriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is being【 C1】 _quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will【 C2】 _its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food. Glaciers are a possible【 C3】 _of fresh water that has been overlooked until re
19、cently. Three-quarters of the Earths fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of 【 C4】 _fresh water so immense that it could【 C5】 _all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs th
20、at break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica. Huge glaciers that【 C6】 _over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes, rather, they are formed【 C7】 _o
21、n land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction【 C8】 _to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far n
22、orth as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. To control them and【 C9】 _them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult. Even if the icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desa
23、linization (脱盐 ), or【 C10】_salt from water. A) removing I) approximately B) stretch J) considered C) deriving K) similar D) entirely L) source E) untapped M) ensured F) resource N) sustain G) outgrow O) steer H) opposite 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9
24、】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Tricks of the Trade A As children, we are taught that working hard will get us good grades. When it comes to your job, the same logic should apply: being successful is all about working hard and getting the work done. But what if instead of impressing your new employer with
25、your education, training and skills on your CV, it was your firm handshake and smile that got you hired? Or have you ever considered that those junks on your desk left over are causing your colleagues to doubt your abilities? And did nobody tell you that your chances of getting a raise may rest on w
26、hether you ask for it face-to-face or via email? B If psychology research is anything to go by, the 9-to-5 is a minefield (危险地带 ), with a subconscious psychological disaster hiding around every comer. C Were not suggesting that these mental undercurrents govern your work life, but they certainly pla
27、y a part Whether its deciding who to trust, or successfully making a deal, the workplace decisions we think we make with skill and sense are, in part, affected by mind games we often arent even aware of. D If that sounds depressing, look at it another way use these psychological insights to your adv
28、antage and just imagine what they might do for you. 1. Smarten up E Should your colleagues really care what you look like? Probably not in an ideal world, wed all be judged on our ability, not our personal appearance or vital statistics. Yet thats simply not how things work, says V. Bhaskar, a profe
29、ssor of economics at University College London. “Humans have a bias towards attractive people and lots of research has shown that this can translate into a huge advantage in the labour market,“ he says. In other words, good-looking people earn more than their less pretty colleagues. So it pays to lo
30、ok your best in the office. F One possible explanation for this is that attractive people are generally more healthy and so therefore more productive at work. Unfortunately, this seems unlikely, as Bhaskar showed in a recent study. He invited participants to take part in a game-show. Even when good-
31、looking people performed worse on a task than their less attractive counterparts, Bhaskar found they were still preferentially selected to go through to the next round. G We dont realise were doing it but it is human nature to discriminate according to looks, says Bhaskar, perhaps because the pressu
32、res of selecting a good mate have ended up as a false analogy (类比 ) in the work place. Once we become aware that we are prejudicing people in this way, perhaps we can make an effort to address that bias, he adds. But until then, you may as well make an effort to look good at work and use this subcon
33、scious preference to your advantage. H While youre giving yourself a makeover, you could also consider doing the same for your work space. Even if you hadnt noticed the coffee rings on your desk, chances are your colleagues have, and it could have a bigger influence on your relationships than you mi
34、ght think. Psychologists at the University of Plymouth found that cleanliness actually reduces the severity of moral judgements against the person whose hygiene (卫生 ) is in question. “Because of its potential to lead people to regard moral actions as pure and good,“ the psychologists conclude, “clea
35、nliness might indeed feel as if it were next to godliness.“ I If you know youre a little untidy, and certainly wont be winning any beauty contests, dont worry, there are plenty of other ways to gain popularity with your co-workers. Try taking some advice from Madonna and “Express Yourself“. During a
36、n experiment in which subjects were shown images of facial expressions, Barbara Wild and colleagues at the University of Tubingen, Germany, found that stronger facial expressions had a more powerful emotional response in the viewer, giving extra meaning to the saying “smile and the world smiles with
37、 you“. 2. Breeze the interview J The job market hasnt been this competitive for decades, so once you get an interview youll want to make an immediate impression, and the first step is to get a grip. Anyone who has encountered a limp handshake will likely feel dislike at the thought, and now research
38、ers at the University of Iowa have shown that a firm handshake, along with looking the interviewer in the eye, can boost your chances of getting hired. Its especially good news for the ladies, because the effect is stronger for women than men. A firm handshake subconsciously infers that the candidat
39、e is confident, and women capitalise on this to a greater extent simply because men are expected to have a stronger handshake in the first place. K For those still not convinced that first impressions matter, Janine Willis and Alexander Todorov at Princeton University found that we take one-tenth of
40、 a second to look at a face before making a snap decision about qualities such as trustworthiness, liability and competence. Even your facial features can make a difference faces with upturned mouths and eyebrows that go up in the middle are judged by our brains to be more trustworthy. You cant chan
41、ge your face, of course, but these features are easy enough to imitate, and might give you the edge when you meet the interview panel. L If the thought that people are making judgements on your personality based on nothing more than a glimpse at your face is getting you hot under the collar, try not
42、 to let nerves get the better of you. In fact, you really should try to relax and smile. Because of a phenomenon called the “halo effect“ whereby one good character trait will influence what people will infer about other traits simply being warm and friendly can make the interviewer think better of
43、your other attributes. In an experiment run by Richard E. Nisbett and colleagues at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, two interviews were staged with the same interviewee and recorded on video. In one interview he was warm and friendly and in the other cold and distant. When people watched th
44、e film in which he was cold and distant, they rated his appearance, accent and mannerisms as irritating, whereas those who watched the warm and friendly video found those exact same attributes to be appealing. M So dont be tempted to be too serious; just coming across as warm and friendly will have
45、the interviewer imagining all sorts of other good qualities that you may, or may not, possess. 3. Bust that stress N When work is getting too much, its a common reaction to cut down on leisure activities to allow more time to get things done. Counter-intuitively, however, keeping up a range of enjoy
46、able interests has been shown to reduce blood pressure, your body-mass index and even levels of the “stress hormone“. O Where you take your break also makes a difference. Head to a park for maximum benefits, advises Ross Cameron from the University of Reading, UK, as a green environment has psycholo
47、gical benefits. P Most work activities, like reading at your desk, require what psychologists call “directed attention“. These tasks command all your concentration, which will end up taking a toll, leading to symptoms of stress. Getting out into a green environment helps you switch to a “distracted“
48、 attention mode, where your surroundings can drift in and out of your mind without requiring all your attention at once. This, in turn, helps us to relax. Q “Theres strong evidence to show that as soon as you step into a park your blood pressure levels come down. Your body relaxes quickly in the nat
49、ural environment,“ says Cameron. Even having green plants on your desk can help to increase attention span and promote enjoyment at work, he adds. 37 Children are usually taught that success results from diligence. 38 In an interview, the interviewers are probably in favor of direct eye contact. 39 Eyebrows go up in the middle are thought to be trustworthy. 40 We discriminate according to looks because humans have a nature of selecting a good mate. 41 Compared with
