1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 256及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether students should take a year off before entering college or go directly into college. Write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 word
2、s. Section A （ A） He is a fitness instructor. （ B） He is a classmate of the woman. （ C） He helped the woman several times. （ D） He ran into the woman in the street. （ A） The artistic type. （ B） The smart type. （ C） The social type. （ D） The indoor type. （ A） They care whether their lovers share the
3、same interest with them. （ B） They dont want their lovers to watch movies they might hate. （ C） They both quarrelled with their lovers when watching movies. （ D） They like to watch the same kinds of movies. （ A） She doesnt like an energetic type. （ B） She doesnt like a quiet type. （ C） She doesnt li
4、ke a humorous type. （ D） She doesnt like a muscular type. （ A） People should understand it. （ B） People should support it. （ C） People should fight against it. （ D） People should doubt about it. （ A） Those learning independently. （ B） Those mastering advanced technologies. （ C） Those qualifying for
5、leading positions. （ D） Those adapting to new professions. （ A） Those who have great vision. （ B） Those who want to be scholars. （ C） Those who have concern for humanity. （ D） Those who aspire to work for society. （ A） Adjusting to challenges. （ B） Constructing better buildings. （ C） Developing inde
6、pendent thinking. （ D） Possessing profound mind. Section B （ A） Asking him or her the same question repeatedly. （ B） Looking into his or her eyes when questioning. （ C） Analyzing his or her verbal expression. （ D） Observing his or her body language. （ A） Giving him or her a cigarette. （ B） Talking w
7、ith him or her. （ C） Investigating him or her in advance. （ D） Letting him or her to chat to others. （ A） Using facial expressions is the most common way. （ B） Chatting is the most widely used way. （ C） Using body language only works by accident. （ D） Talking is the easiest way to use. （ A） Telling
8、them to look both ways for cars. （ B） Telling them to follow other pedestrians. （ C） Telling them not to look around. （ D） Telling them not to race against time. （ A） $15 to $24. （ B） $15 to $99. （ C） $24 to $99. （ D） $ 15 to $19. （ A） To establish a friendly traffic system. （ B） To raise public awa
9、reness of safety. （ C） To build a more civilized city. （ D） To reduce the casualties of road accidents. （ A） It is strict with the seniors. （ B） It includes most of the electronic devices. （ C） It is now welcomed by all the states. （ D） It permits an exception in an emergency. Section C （ A） Using m
10、inivans to collect data. （ B） Using drones to collect data. （ C） Releasing a new operating system. （ D） Releasing a new version of app. （ A） Because it could not navigate. （ B） Because it offered wrong information. （ C） Because it always broke down. （ D） Because its operating system was too complex.
11、 （ A） It has simplified its operating system. （ B） It has released a new version. （ C） It has improved its appearance. （ D） It has added more information. （ A） Useful language knowledge is laid down in the very early months of life. （ B） Language ability can be retained without further input of the
12、language. （ C） Language knowledge cannot be retained without further input of the language. （ D） The process of acquiring language starts when the baby is 2 years old. （ A） It is abstract in nature. （ B） It relies on experience. （ C） It fades with time. （ D） It can be erased. （ A） When the child is
13、born. （ B） When the child is still in the womb. （ C） When the child is 6 months old. （ D） When the child is 17 months old. （ A） It is a concrete process. （ B） It depends on training. （ C） It is an abstract process. （ D） It depends on fetal education. （ A） Pretending to care the patients may improve
14、your job. （ B） Professionalism does not necessarily accommodate empathy. （ C） Whether doctors should empathize with patients. （ D） What is the best for patients. （ A） It improves the health of patients. （ B） It improves the mood of doctors. （ C） It facilitates communication. （ D） It decreases the me
15、dical risk. （ A） Leaning back in the chair when listening. （ B） Seeing them eye-to-eye when listening. （ C） Repeating their statements continuously. （ D） Sitting next to them when listening. Section A 26 If you had to guess the organ that has undue influence on your emotions, your mood, even your ch
16、oices, what would you guess? The brain? Sure, but what else? The heartthat【 C1】 _seat of the soul? Not quite. The stomach? Youre getting warmer. Would you believe its the large and small intestine(肠 ),【 C2】 _known as the gut? More specifically, its the trillions of bacteriathe microbiota(微生物群 )that
17、live in your gut. Each of us【 C3】 _up to four and a half pounds of bacteria around in our guts at any given time. More than 100 trillion microbes live down there. Thats as many cells as make up the rest of your body. Now, this crowd is mostly good guys, and they do important work, to the extent that
18、 some scientists【 C4】 _classifying these collective microbiota as its own【 C5】_. Aside from helping digest our food, they protect us from disease, neutralize some of the toxic by-products of the【 C6】 _process, and make it harder for bad bacteria to set up shop. In short, your gut does way more than
19、just digest everything from Cheetos to Camembert. But it turns out gut bacteria may also【 C7】 _how we feel. Who knew the next【 C8】 _in mental well-being would lead right to the toilet? With that lovely【 C9】 _in mind, we know here are various ways our microbiota are【 C10】_to our mental health. A)advo
20、cate B)affect C)attached D)carries E)collectively F)connected G)digestive H)frontier I)gathers J)image K)irreplaceable L)mythical M)notoriously N)organ O)result 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Atomic Powers Stations out at Sea M
21、ay Be Better than Inland Ones A After the events of March 11th 2011, when an earthquake and tsunami led to a meltdown of three nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Dai-ichi power plant in Japan, you might be forgiven for concluding that atomic power and seawater dont mix. Many engineers, though, do not
22、 agree. They would like to see more seawater involved, not less. In fact, they have plans to site nuclear power plants in the ocean rather than on landeither floating on the surface or moored beneath it. B At first, this sounds a mad idea. It is not. Land-based power stations are bespoke(定制的 )struct
23、ures, built by the techniques of civil engineering, in which each is slightly different and teams of specialists come and go according to the phase of the project. Marine stations, by contrast, could be mass-produced in factories using, if not the techniques of the assembly line, then at least those
24、 of the shipyard, with crews constantly employed. C That would make power stations at sea cheaper than those on land. Jacopo Buongiorno, a nuclear engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, reckons that, when all is done and dusted, electricity from a marine station would cost at least a
25、 third less than that from a terrestrial equivalent. It would also make them safer. A reactor anchored on the seabed would never lack emergency cooling, the problem that caused the Fukushima meltdown. Nor would it need to be protected against the risk of terrorists flying an aircraft into it. It wou
26、ld be tsunami-proof, too. Though tsunamis become great and destructive waves when they arrive in shallow water, in the open ocean they are mere ripples. Indeed, were it deep enough(100 metres or so), such a submarine reactor would not even be affected by passing storms. D All these reasons, observes
27、 Jacques Chenais, an engineer at Frances Atomic-Energy commission, CEA, make underwater nuclear power stations an idea worth investigating. Dr. Chenais is head of small reactors at CEA, and has had experience with one well-established type of underwater reactorthat powers submarines. He and his team
28、 are now assisting Naval Group, a French military contractor, to design reactors that will stay put instead of moving around on a boat. The plan is to encase(把 围住 )a reactor and an electricity-generating steam turbine in a steel cylinder the length of a football pitch and with a weight of around 12,
29、000 tonnes. E The whole system, dubbed Flexblue, would be anchored to the seabed between five and 15km from the coastfar enough for safety in case of an emergency, but near enough to be serviced easily. The electricity generated(up to 250 megawatts, enough for lm people)would be transmitted ashore b
30、y an undersea cable. For refuelling and maintenance unmanageable from a submarine, the cylinder would be floated to the surface with air injected into its ballast tanks. And, when a station came to the end of its useful life, it could be towed to a specialist facility to be dismantled safely, rather
31、 than requiring yet another lot of civil engineers to demolish it. F Naval Group has not, as yet, attracted any customers for its designs. But a slightly less ambitious approach to marine reactorsanchoring them on the surface rather than below itis about to come to fruition(实现 )in Russia. The first
32、such, Akademik Lomonosov, is under construction at the Baltic Shipyard, in St. Petersburg. According to Andrey Bukhovtsev of Rosatom, the agency that runs Russias civil nuclear program, it is 96% complete. It will be launched later this year, towed to Murmansk, and thence transported to Pevek, a por
33、t in Russias Far East, where it will begin generating power in 2019. G Akademik Lomonosov consists of two 35MW reactors mounted on a barge. The reactors are modified versions of those used to power Taymyr-class icebreakers. As such, they are designed to be able to take quite a battering, so the stor
34、ms of the Arctic Ocean should not trouble them. To add to their safety, the barge bearing them will be moored, about 200 metres from shore, behind a storm-and-tsunami-resistant breakwater. H Altogether, Akademik Lomonosov will cost $480m to build and installfar less than would have to be spent const
35、ructing an equivalent power station on land in such a remote and hostile environment. And, on the presumption that the whole thing will work, plans for a second, similar plant are being laid. I Nor is Russia alone in planning floating reactors. China has similar ambitions. Specifically, the Chinese
36、government intends, during the 2020s, to build up to 20 floating nuclear plants, with reactors as powerful as 200MW, to supply artificial islands it is building as part of its plan to enforce the countrys claim to much of the South China Sea. J The firms involved in this project intend to tsunami-pr
37、oof some of their reactors in the same way as the French, by stationing them in water too deep for massive tsunami waves to form. Because they are at the surface, though, that will not save them from stormsand locating them far from shore means the Russian approach of building sheltering breakwaters
38、 will not work either. That matters. Typhoons in the South China Sea can whip up waves with an amplitude exceeding 20 metres. K To withstand such storms, the barges will have anchors that are attached to swivelling “mooring turrets“ under their bows. These will cause a barge to behave like a weather
39、 vane, always pointing into the wind. Since that is the direction waves come from, it will remain bow-on to those waves, giving it the best chance of riding out any storm that nature cares to throw at it. The barges bows will also be built high, in order to cut through waves. This way, claims Mark T
40、ipping of Lloyds Register, a British firm that is advising on the plants design, they will be able to survive a “10,000-year storm. “ L The South China Sea is also a busy area for shipping, so any floating power stations there will need to be able to withstand a direct hit by a heavy-laden cargo ves
41、sel travelling at a speed of, say, 20 knots whether that collision be accidental or the result of hostile action. One way to do this, says Chen Haibo, a naval architect working on the problem at Lloyds Registers Beijing office, is to fit the barges with crumple zones packed with materials such as co
42、rrugated steel and wood. M Not everyone is delighted with the idea of marine nuclear power. Rashid Alimov, head of energy projects at Greenpeace Russia, an environmental charity, argues that offshore plants could be boarded by pirates or terrorists, be struck by an iceberg or might evade safety rule
43、s that are hard to enforce at sea. On July 21st Greenpeace scored a victory when Rosatom said that Akademik Lomonosovs nuclear fuel would be loaded in an unpopulated area away from St. Petersburg. N That, though, is a pinprick(小范围 ). The future of marine nuclear power stations is more likely to depe
44、nd on the future of nuclear power itself than on the actions of pressure groups such as Greenpeace. If, as many who worry about the climate-changing potential of fossil-fuel power stations think, uranium has an important part to play in generating electricity over coming decades, then many new nucle
45、ar plants will be needed. And if that does turn out to be the case, siting such plants out at sea may well prove a good idea. 37 Compared with the atomic power stations at sea, inland ones cost much more. 38 Building floating power stations in the South China Sea must take into consideration the bus
46、y shipping there. 39 The demolition of an exhausted inland station still needs numbers of experts. 40 One of the discrepancies between marine power stations and land-based power stations is that the former could be mass-produced. 41 Constructing marine reactors on the surface of the water in Russia
47、is to be complete later this year. 42 Marine reactors at the surface cannot keep them from the storm like typhoons. 43 Some Greenpeace organizations are against the construction of marine nuclear power stations and won success to some degree. 44 Akademik Lomonosov will cost, in total, a lot less tha
48、n similar power stations on land. 45 Dr. Chenais has participated in the construction of underwater reactor that provides energy for submarines. 46 China is planning to construct twenty floating nuclear plants in the South China Sea. Section C 46 A US Energy Department report calls for incentives to
49、 boost coal-fired and nuclear power plants following a stream of closures that it said undermined reliable sources of electricity. The findings of the study, released late on Wednesday, drew scorn from renewable energy advocates but praise from the coal and nuclear industries. The report dovetails with(与 相吻合 )President Donald Trumps promise to revive the ailing mining sector. But it differs from conclusions presented in an earlier draft, which had said big increases in renewa
