1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 273及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the campus fraud. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） It has the strongest e
2、conomy in Africa. （ B） It is the most famous country in Africa. （ C） It has the most stable democracy in Africa. （ D） It has the biggest population in Africa. （ A） They could work together with the white. （ B） Their children studied in the same schools as the white s. （ C） They shared the same publi
3、c services with the white. （ D） They were barred from being members of parliament in the past. （ A） 2. （ B） 10. （ C） 11. （ D） 12. （ A） English is the sole official language. （ B） Few people speak Zulu there. （ C） It has the largest Indian population outside of America. （ D） It has the largest mixed
4、race community in Africa. （ A） He invented the refrigerator. （ B） He patented his first invention. （ C） He was admitted to a university. （ D） He got a degree in Mathematics. （ A） He started to work on refrigeration. （ B） He became a professor of Mathematics. （ C） He fell in love with Natasha Willoug
5、hby. （ D） He distinguished himself in low temperature physics. （ A） Discovering the true nature of subatomic particles. （ B） Their explanation of the laws of cause and effect. （ C） Their work on very high frequency radio waves. （ D） Laying the foundations of modern mathematics. （ A） To have a three-
6、week holiday. （ B） To spend his remaining years. （ C） To patent his inventions. （ D） To teach at a university. Section B （ A） She is a tourist guide. （ B） She is an interpreter. （ C） She is a domestic servant. （ D） She is from the royal family. （ A） It is situated at the foot of a beautiful mountain
7、. （ B） It was used by the family to hold dinner parties. （ C） It was frequently visited by heads of state. （ D） It is furnished like one in a royal palace. （ A） It is elaborately decorated. （ B） It has survived some 2,000 years. （ C） It is very big, with only six slim legs. （ D） It is shaped like an
8、 ancient Spanish boat. （ A） They are interesting to look at. （ B） They have lost some of their legs. （ C） They do not match the oval table at all. （ D） They are uncomfortable to sit in for long. （ A） Because of the stress factors. （ B） Because of the leisure activities. （ C） Because of the TV watchi
9、ng. （ D） Because of the general American culture. （ A） One third. （ B） Almost two thirds. （ C） More than two thirds. （ D） Almost half. （ A） Americans vow to change it. （ B） It is not as bad as it used to be. （ C） Americans know how bad it is to their health. （ D） Americans do not want to give up mor
10、e sleep. Section C （ A） Freedom. （ B） Travel swiftly. （ C） Travel unsafely. （ D） Display personal wealth. （ A） The sadness of being involved in accidents. （ B） Ways to limit the use of private cars. （ C） The serious pollution on motor roads. （ D） Freedom to travel quickly and safely. （ A） Increasing
11、 fines for traffic violation. （ B） Reducing tolls on highways. （ C） Banning public transport partially. （ D） Enlarging insurance coverage. （ A） Car owners will be encouraged to show off their wealth. （ B） The gap between the rich and the poor will be bridged. （ C） Pollution and traffic congestion wi
12、ll be reduced. （ D） People will have to stand still waiting for taxies. （ A） By greeting each other very politely. （ B） By exchanging their views on public affairs. （ C） By displaying their feelings and emotions. （ D） By asking each other some personal questions. （ A） Refrain from showing his feelin
13、gs. （ B） Express his opinion frankly. （ C） Argue fiercely. （ D） Yell loudly. （ A） Getting rich quickly. （ B） Distinguishing oneself. （ C） Respecting individual rights. （ D） Doing credit to one s community. （ A） To recite a lot of wonderful reading materials. （ B） To combine prefixes, suffixes and ro
14、ots freely. （ C） To take part in a lot of good talks. （ D） To make as many word lists as possible. （ A） Guess its meaning. （ B） Ask somebody. （ C） Refer to a dictionary. （ D） Add it to your word list. （ A） Look up the new words in your notebook. （ B） Pay due attention to new words that you come acro
15、ss. （ C） Analyze the basic structure of the new words. （ D） Interrupt the conversation and ask others to explain the new words. Section A 26 Throughout evolution, humans have been active. Our ancestors chased prey as hunter-gatherers and【 C1】 _from predators. More recently, they labored on farms and
16、 in factories. But the decline of【 C2】 _and industrial labor, plus the【 C3】_of the car, a multitude of labor-saving devices andmost perniciouslyTV, computers and video games, mean we ve all ground to a sudden and catastrophic standstill. As we have become inactive, so once-rare diseases have【 C4】 _.
17、 A report from the organisation Diabetes UK reveals that in 1935, when the world s population was just over 2 billion, an estimated 15 million people【 C5】 _had type 2 diabetes. By 2010 the world s population had more than trebled and the number with diabetes had shot up to 220 million, with 300 mill
18、ion【 C6】 _for 2025. Likewise, results published earlier this year in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that over a third of US men and women are obese, as are about 17 percent of US children. Physical inactivity is【 C7】 _us. “ Everyone knows too much booze or tobacco is bad for
19、you, but if physical inactivity was packaged and sold as a product, it would need to carry a health warning【 C8】 _,“ says Hughes. The good news is that we can do something about it. A plenty of recent studies show that exercise protects us from heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzh
20、eimer s disease and depression. It even【 C9】 _memory. And it has the potential to prevent more premature deaths than any other single【 C10】 _, with none of the side effects of actual medication. So, exercise may be a wonder drug. A)agricultural I)killing B)boosts J)label C)disappeared K)mushroomed D
21、)exposing L)predicted E)fled M)reflection F)globally N)standard G)handle O)treatment H)invention 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Should Medical Schools Turn to Three-year Programs? A For Travis Hill, it was an offer too good to
22、refuse. Last year when the 30-year-old neuroscientist was admitted to a new program at NYU School of Medicine that would allow him to complete medical school in only three years and guarantee him a spot in its neurosurgery residency, he seized it. Not only would Hill save about $70,000the cost of tu
23、ition and living expenses for the fourth year of medical schoolhe would also shave a year off the training that will consume the next decade of his life. B The chance to finish medical school early is attracting increased attention from students burdened with six-figure education loans: The median d
24、ebt for medical school graduates in 2013 was $175,000, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges. This year, the combined cost of tuition and fees for a first-year medical student range from just over $12,000 to more than $82,000. C Some medical school administrators and policymakers
25、 see three-year programs as a way to produce physicians, particularly primary-care doctors, faster as the new health-care law allows millions of previously uninsured patients into the medical system. Enormous student loans are cited as one reason some newly minted doctors choose profitable specialti
26、es such as radiology(放射学 )or dermatology(皮肤病学 ), which pay twice as much as pediatrics(小儿科 )or family medicine. D But debt and the shortage of primary-care doctors are not the only factors fueling interest in accelerated programs. Some influential experts are raising questions about the length of me
27、dical school in part because much of the fourth year is devoted to electives and applying for a residency, a process that typically takes months.(Similar questions are being raised about the third year of law school.) E In a paper published in a journal of the American Medical Association in 2012, U
28、niversity of Pennsylvania Vice Provost Ezekiel Emanuel and Stanford economist Victor Fuchs proposed that a year of medical school could be eliminated “ without adversely affecting academic performance“. The overall time it takes to train physicians, they wrote, is an example of waste in medical educ
29、ation and could be shortened without affecting patient care or eroding clinical skills: students could be assessed on “core competencies rather than on time served“. F So far, fewer than a dozen of the nation s 124 medical schools are offering or actively considering three-year programs, which typic
30、ally involve the elimination of electives, attendance at summer classes and the temporary guarantee of a residency offered because three-year graduates might be at a disadvantage compared with other applicants. G NYU launched its program in September with Hill and 15 other students chosen from a poo
31、l of 50 applicantsnearly a third of the medical school s 160-member class. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in Lubbock graduated its first three-year class in 2013: its nine students are training in family medicine. Fifteen more students started this fall. In September, Columbia Universi
32、ty s College of Physicians and Surgeons launched a “ fast track MD“ for candidates who already hold doctorates in biology: there were 40 applicants for four quotas. H Despite the growing popularity of such programs, critics question the wisdom of jettisoning(抛弃，投掷 )the fourth year of medical school,
33、 which they say plays a crucial role in preparing doctors for residency and subsequent practice. Some note that the three-year track was offered by a few dozen medical schools in the late 1970s but subsequently abandoned, largely because of student burnout from trying to jam too much into three year
34、s. I Supporters of the three-year option say that contemporary medical school programs are different from 1970s curricula, which relied more heavily on rote memorization, and that the new programs have been designed to minimize burnout. J “This has been tried before, and it was a miserable failure,“
35、 said Stanley Goldfarb, associate dean for curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania s Perelman School of Medicine, who co-authored an essay opposing three-year programs in a recent New England Journal of Medicine. “Since the 1970s things have gotten so much more complex in medicine,“ he said. Th
36、e more relaxing fourth year, he said, gives students the chance to pick the field that best suits them and to carefully evaluate residencies. More than three-fourths of students, he said, enter medical school uncertain about their eventual specialty. Goldfarb said he favors enhancing the fourth year
37、, not eliminating it. K Medical students have mixed feelings about three-year programs, said Nida Degesys, president of the Reston-based American Medical Student Association. While many are eager to reduce their debt, they are also concerned about missing opportunities: fourth-year electives can inc
38、lude ophthalmology(眼科学 ), critical care and emergency medicine. L “There have always been some individuals who wondered about the length of medical school,“ said John Prescott, former dean of the medical school at West Virginia University and chief academic officer at the Association of American Med
39、ical Colleges. Prescott calls the current three-year programs “well-designed experiments“ that may provide models about how to prepare students “in the most cost-effective way“. But he doubts they will substitute the conventional four-year track for most students. M Steven B. Abramson, vice dean of
40、NYUs medical school, agrees, but he said he expects three-year programs to multiply over the next five years. NYU s accelerated program, he said, is best suited for highly qualified students who are typically older, more mature and certain of their choice of specialty. Because three-year students ta
41、ke the same core courses as their classmates, they will be equally well prepared, he said. And Abramson noted the spread of dual-degree programs: students who earn an MD along with a graduate degree in science, business administration or public health. N While students at NYU can designate a variety
42、 of specialties, the three-year Family Medicine Accelerated Track at Texas Tech is limited to those who intend to pursue that specialty. “ There weren t enough primary-care doctors before the Affordable Care Act,“ said Texas Tech medical school dean Steven Berk, who trained as a family physician. “T
43、here are lots of towns in Texas with 25,000 people and no doctor. And it s the primary-care physicians who find the small breast mass(乳腺肿块 )or control patients blood pressure. They are essential to the functioning of the health-care system. “ O Texas Tech students are awarded a $15,000 full tuition
44、scholarship to cover the first year. When they graduate, their average debt for tuition and living expenses totals about $60,000, Berk said. Like the NYU program, students have the option of switching to the four-year tracknone has so farand are granted a residency spot when they enter med school. F
45、ears that they will not perform as well as their four-year counterparts have not been confirmed, Berk said. Scores on licensing exams are equivalent, and burnout has not been a problem. Charles Willnauer, 30, a graduate of Texas Tech s first three-year class, said the accelerated program worked well
46、 for him. The promise of a residency in family medicine, a specialty that “fits with my values and goals“ , was tempting, as was the lower price tag. “A lot of people have to apply to 30 or more residency programs,“ said Willnauer, now a first-year resident. “That s a very large cost and a lot of ti
47、me. “ P It was also a bonus in other ways. Married and the father of two toddlers born while he was in medical school, Willnauer, age 30, said, “ I bought a house and knew I wouldn t have to uproot my family. “ 37 Some experts pointed out that medical students should be assessed on their ability ins
48、tead of how much time they have served. 38 John Prescott dont think these three-year programs will replace the traditional four-year path for most students. 39 The fourth year should be enhanced to allow students to choose the field that suits them and assess residencies. 40 The most suitable studen
49、ts for NYU s accelerated program are older, more mature and surer of specialty they choose. 41 Students faced with six-figure tuition loan are attracted to the opportunity that they can finish medical school a year earlier. 42 Many students are willing to reduce their debt by choosing three-year programs, but they are also afraid of losing opportunities. 43 Debt and the lack of primary-care mediciners are not the only reasons why people are so attracted to shorten school year. 44 T
