1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 86及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Charity Work following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 1随着我国经济的发展和社会的进步，慈善事业逐渐成为人们关注的焦点 2有人认为做慈善是富人们的事情，有人则提
2、倡平民慈善 3我的看法 On Charity Work Section A （ A） He doesnt like activities in college. （ B） He partly agrees with the woman. （ C） He thinks activities are more important. （ D） He knows more about college life than the woman does. （ A） The girls arent decisive in the election. （ B） The man can seek help fr
3、om the girls. （ C） The man isnt popular among the girls. （ D） The man will get support from the girls. （ A） The woman didnt support the man at the meeting. （ B） The woman pointed out the mans mistakes. （ C） The man got little support for his proposal. （ D） The mans proposal was away from the point.
4、（ A） To remind him of the conference. （ B） To make sure whether he can attend the meeting. （ C） To see if hes ready for the coming conference. （ D） To help him prepare for the presentation. （ A） Painting pictures for the woman. （ B） Putting on make-up for the woman. （ C） Taking photos for the woman.
5、 （ D） Designing hairstyle for the woman. （ A） Tom is very serious about his study. （ B） Toms words are not reliable. （ C） Tom failed his final exam. （ D） Tom often takes things seriously. （ A） The man always shops nothing good. （ B） The supermarket cant offer reasonable prices. （ C） There is no need
6、 to buy those discount goods. （ D） Discount goods arent of good quality. （ A） Follow the other students. （ B） Compare the prices carefully. （ C） Choose the most suitable insurance policies. （ D） Examine the insurance items carefully. （ A） Difficult. （ B） Easy. （ C） Sad. （ D） Worrying. （ A） It has wo
7、rld-famous players and superstars. （ B） It has modern facilities and is convenient to travel. （ C） It is near the seaside with a lot of sunshine. （ D） It possesses the tradition of playing football. （ A） Qatar. （ B） Australia. （ C） The US. （ D） Japan. （ A） Itll become more popular than before. （ B）
8、Itll have its transportation developed. （ C） Its football industry will be improved. （ D） Itll facilitate the economic growth in suburbs. （ A） He makes every effort to earn money. （ B） He is a good athlete. （ C） He cares about his workers health. （ D） The most important thing in his mind is health.
9、（ A） He used to be an athlete. （ B） He was very good in his work. （ C） He paid too much attention on health. （ D） He used to be very healthy before stopping smoking. （ A） The speakers will have a rest. （ B） There will be a yearly employment test. （ C） The department will hold a party. （ D） The boss
10、will hold a meeting. Section B （ A） The loan and the interest. （ B） The loan. （ C） The interest. （ D） Nothing if they are very poor. （ A） Government officials are against these plans. （ B） These plans will increase students pressure. （ C） The President disagrees with Congress. （ D） The President sup
11、ports the first plan. （ A） Students who have already got the government loans. （ B） Students who are going to get the government loans. （ C） Students who have got the loans from private companies. （ D） Students who are going to get the loans from private companies. （ A） Dublin is not popular among p
12、eople. （ B） Dublin can attract a lot of visitors. （ C） Dublin Airport strengthens the citys confidence. （ D） It cost 600 million euros to build Dublin. （ A） Attracting more passengers. （ B） Reducing the national budget. （ C） Attracting major investment. （ D） Improving the urban appearance. （ A） Agri
13、cultural production. （ B） Foreign trade. （ C） Finance. （ D） Clean technology. （ A） Its free labor. （ B） Its free border clearance. （ C） Its hospitable people. （ D） Its low customs duty. （ A） It lost most of its customers. （ B） The sales declined last three months. （ C） Less chain restaurants were bu
14、ilt last year. （ D） Its 50% profit was from inland market in 2012. （ A） Shift the main emphasis to Vietnam. （ B） Innovate new food which caters for Asians. （ C） Develop new areas which havent been covered with chains. （ D） Invest all resources in building up new restaurants. （ A） It locates in the c
15、apital city. （ B） It has more than 1 000 seats. （ C） Most of the ingredients are imported. （ D） The menu is totally different from its US menu. Section C 26 During an event at Facebooks New York City office on Friday, the companys Chief Operating Officer(COO)Sheryl Sandberg joined Mayor Michael Bloo
16、mberg. Facebook engineering heads and other New York politicians【 B1】 _the social networks new move. The Palo Alto-based company plans to【 B2】 _its first engineering office in New York by next year and is currently accepting applications of【 B3】 _talent. The companys COO thinks that building an engi
17、neering【 B4】 _outside the West Coast is a big step for them, which would help them to find the right【 B5】 _of talent and community support. Silicon Valley companies are【 B6】 _that New York is the place that they have to be. New York is home to success stories like Etsy, Gilt Groupe, Foursquare, and
18、more. Still they want the next【 B7】 _tech company Facebook to start in New York City. The company【 B8】 _two other engineering offices, both on the west coast of the US, one in Palo Alto, California, and the other in Seattle, Washington. It will have【 B9】 _competition for engineering which includes t
19、he financial sector and the growing startup scene. Most people agree that its a smart move on Facebooks part. But it shouldnt have any trouble attracting top talent, as it still has its valuable stock to【 B10】_In the longer term, its also good news for the New York tech scene as a whole. It is ackno
20、wledged that the company is expected to file for an initial public offering before next month. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 If youre one of those people who tends to put on weight around your middle, what doctors call an “app
21、le shape“ what the rest of us call a beer belly youve probably been told that youre at higher risk of heart disease. But one large new review study suggests you shouldnt be too【 C1】 _after all. It turns out that the apple-shaped among us are not at any higher risk of heart trouble as people with pea
22、r shapes or any other kind of fat【 C2】 _In the latest study, researchers at the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration in the UK reviewed records of more than 220 000 participants in 58 different trials that followed【 C3】 _or more than 10 years for heart-related events. They found that body shape, or f
23、at distribution, did not seem to affect heart disease risk. In fact, the researchers write in the journal Lancet, various measures of obesity, including body mass index(or BMI, a combined measure of height and weight), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, all had about the same【 C4】 _value in
24、 identifying increased risk of a heart attack. Whats more,【 C5】 _to the forecasting power of known risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and a history of diabetes(糖尿病 ), the obesity measures added very little to the【 C6】 _of risk assessment. Previous studies had focused not just
25、 on overweight, but on the type and【 C7】_of fat deposits as a red flag for heart disease. The thinking was that even without blood tests for cholesterol or blood pressure, body shape alone could alert doctors and patients to the fact that patients might be at higher risk of heart problems. One headl
26、ine-grabbing survey reported a three-fold【 C8】 _risk in heart disease among those with abdominal fat -folks with apple-shaped bodies and speculated that visceral(内脏的 )fat, which tends to【 C9】 _around the middle, is particularly hazardous for the heart, since it nestles deep within organs and can pum
27、p out hormones that【 C10】_insulin(胰岛素 )sensitivity and promote diabetes. A)accumulate F)decreased K)exclusion B)accuracy G)discouraged L)increased C)alter H)distinguished M)location D)compared I)distribution N)predictive E)conflicted J)diversion O)volunteers 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【
28、C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Do You Really Need to Drink Eight Cups of Water a Day? A)Drinking eight cups or two liters of water a day is longstanding advice. But is there any scientific basis for it, asks Dr. Chris van Tulleken. B)You know those ads that remind us
29、that even a small drop in hydration(水合作用 )levels can massively affect performance so you need to keep hydra ted with whatever brand of super drink theyre selling? C)They seem pretty scientific, dont they? Man in white coat, athlete with electrodes attached and so on. And its not a hard sell because
30、drinking feels right youre hot and sweating so surely replacing that fluid must be beneficial. D)Well earlier this year sports scientists in Australia did an extraordinary experiment that had never been done before(British Journal of Sports Medicine, September 2013, Current hydration guidelines are
31、erroneous: dehydration does not impair exercise performance in the heat, Wall BA). This group wanted to find out what happened to performance after dehydration. So they took a group of cyclists and exercised them until they lost 3% of their total body weight in sweat. E)Then their performance was as
32、sessed after rehydration with either 1)nothing, 2)enough water to bring them back to 2% dehydration or 3)after full rehydration. So far nothing unusual, but the difference between this and almost every other study thats ever been done on hydration was that the cyclists were blind to how much water t
33、hey got. The fluid was given intravenously(通过静脉地 )without them knowing the volume. F)This is vital because we all, and especially athletes, have such an intimate psychological relationship with water consumption. Remarkably, there was no performance difference between those that were fully rehydrate
34、d and those that got nothing. This study was part of a growing movement to “drink to thirst“ which hopes to persuade athletes not to over hydrate with the potentially fatal consequence of reducing your sodium level, causing hyponatraemia(低钠血症 ). G)Perhaps the result shouldnt be so surprising. Humans
35、 evolved doing intense exercise in extreme heat and dryness. We are able to tolerate losses in water relatively well whereas even slight over hydration can be far more dangerous. In simple terms, being too watery is as bad for you as being too concentrated. H)But what about the rest of us who arent
36、cycling around the desert in Western Australia? There is a very well accepted idea that we should drink about eight cups of water per day(two to three liters)in addition to our food and other drinks. We are crammed with positive messages about the healing properties of water and how it will improve
37、everything from our brains to our bowels. And we know that without it we will die in days. I)Its a short leap of logic to think that if a lack of water is bad for you then hydration must be good purifying, cleansing water washing though your organs must be beneficial, relieving internal heat or feve
38、r. It surely improves your skin, helps you think, reduces your risk of kidney stones and turns your urine a lovely light, straw/champagne color rather than the fetid orange syrup you produce at the end of a long day where you havent had time to drink. J)So Ive looked through the literature and I fou
39、nd a review article saying all of this and more. It was written by a group of respected physicians from American and French hospitals and it clearly supported the widely held belief that you should drink two to three liters of water a day. It said that people with a high urine output have a lower ra
40、te of kidney stone disease, that the flushing action of the water may reduce the risk of a urinary tract infection(especially in women after sex). Perhaps most importantly, they referenced a surprising study which showed that paradoxically an increased intake of water increased the risk of bladder c
41、ancer. But only tap water. And theres the clue. K)A footnote at the end of the article explained that what you thought was a scientific article in a scientific journal is in fact a supplement, sponsored by a major mineral water manufacturer. All of the authors received reward from this company, whic
42、h also provided medical writing assistance. So this isnt research, but its marketing. L)And this is one of the reasons were even discussing this because increasingly drinking water doesnt just come out of our taps for free. Its sold to us by the same clever people that sell us yoghurts with bacteria
43、 in them that probably dont do us much good, something I look at separately in the television series Ive been making. And these companies pretty consistently recommend two to three liters of water per day. M)So where did that number come from and is there any reason to think it correct? Well the gra
44、in of truth is this people in temperate climates who are not doing sustained physical exercise do need around six to eight cups per day but that can be contained in food, alcohol or caffeinated beverages. Yes, beer and coffee do not dehydrate you to any noticeable extent(theres a nice paper where so
45、me medical students got to drink quite a lot of beer and had their urine studied British Medical Journal(Clin Res Ed), December 1982, Acute biochemical responses to moderate beer drinking, Gill GV). N)There is no evidence that adding the eight cups of water to everything else you drink will do you a
46、ny good and it could do you harm(American Journal of PhysiologyRegulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, November 2002, Drink at least eight glasses of water a day. Really? Is there scientific evidence for “8x8“? Valtin H). But the great thing is that just like a top-level athlete you dont
47、 need to worry about exactly what that total daily requirement is because your body will sort it all out for you. If you drink too much you pee it out. If you drink too little you get thirsty and pee less. Its all exquisitely well-controlled in the same way that your intake of oxygen is well-control
48、led. O)Saying that you should drink more water than your body asks for is like saying that you should consciously breathe more often than you feel like because if a little oxygen is good for you then more must be better. Like most things in life theres a Goldilocks amount not too little and not too
49、much. There is only one “just right“. 47 A review by some American and French doctors was self-contradictory: on the one hand, it pointed out the benefits of drinking water; on the other hand, it suggested the potential danger of drinking too much. 48 Some so-called scientific articles are actually helping some companies market their products. 49 Some companies advertisements gave us an impression that we need their su
