1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 87及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Package Tour or a Self-guided Tour? You should write at least 750 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below: 1有些人认为跟团旅游好处多 2有些人认为自助旅游好处多 3我的看
2、法 A Package Tour or a Self-guided Tour? Section A （ A） To study at Toms home. （ B） To study at his home. （ C） To clean Toms home. （ D） To help the other students study. （ A） At a restaurant. （ B） At a bus station. （ C） At a travel agency. （ D） At a laundry. （ A） The man thinks the woman is easily in
3、fluenced by others. （ B） The man thinks the woman looks down on this exam. （ C） The woman thinks the difficulty of the exam is overstated. （ D） The woman thinks the exam is as hard as others say. （ A） Be realistic about his poverty. （ B） Visit France on the Internet. （ C） Gain money via computer. （
4、D） Reduce the expenditure on computer games. （ A） The woman should stick to her original method. （ B） The woman should copy the English pronunciation. （ C） He can assist the woman with her oral English. （ D） He doesnt think oral English is important. （ A） Beautiful and kind. （ B） Humorous but weird.
5、 （ C） Pompous and arrogant. （ D） Talkative but humble. （ A） The woman has an appointment with Mark. （ B） The man is Marks best friend. （ C） The woman likes Mark very much. （ D） The man is unfamiliar with Mark. （ A） She hopes the man will abandon cold drinks. （ B） She thinks the shake is expensive. （
6、 C） She cant bear the sweet of the shake. （ D） She doesnt like cold drinks. （ A） Expressing respect for soldiers. （ B） Recruiting new soldiers. （ C） Sitting down and having a rest. （ D） Talking about old friends. （ A） The importance of being brave. （ B） The reason to join the army. （ C） His life in
7、the US military. （ D） His attitude towards the war. （ A） He never marginalizes any student. （ B） He often gives orders to students. （ C） He is quite strict with students. （ D） He makes students live routine lives. （ A） A plan about environmental protection. （ B） A plan about the facilities that can
8、move people around. （ C） A project about the advantages of vehicles. （ D） A program about the change of the environment. （ A） The enhancement of public transport. （ B） The change of peoples mental attitude. （ C） The evaluation of environmental influence. （ D） The beautification of city appearance. （
9、 A） Raising the prices of petrol. （ B） Increasing the prices of cars. （ C） Reducing the parking lots. （ D） Changing peoples attitude. （ A） Shortening the work hours. （ B） Promoting taking bus and walking. （ C） Building more parks. （ D） Stimulating the national economy. Section B （ A） A young womens
10、conference. （ B） A talk show with famous professors. （ C） A program about college life. （ D） An activity about the Students Union. （ A） Her ways of becoming famous. （ B） The themes of her songs. （ C） Her school life. （ D） Her experience of growing up. （ A） Bravery and courage. （ B） Equality and indi
11、viduality. （ C） Freedom and peace. （ D） Openness and fashion. （ A） She was self-contented due to her appearance. （ B） She bullied her classmates into praising her. （ C） She couldnt finish her homework on time. （ D） She was totally ignored by her classmates. （ A） Improving peoples appetite. （ B） Easi
12、ng peoples pressure. （ C） Making people feel happy. （ D） Making people look younger. （ A） Do a lot of exercises every day. （ B） Go to sleep early every day. （ C） Read journals every day. （ D） Record their mental states. （ A） They have more time to do business. （ B） They often criticize their staff.
13、（ C） They may lead an easy life. （ D） They tend to get diseases. （ A） Eating disorder. （ B） High blood pressure. （ C） Tiredness. （ D） Weight problem. （ A） Insomnia can be cured easily. （ B） Insomnia is not common nowadays. （ C） Some insomniacs are scared by this disease. （ D） Many insomniacs ignore
14、their problems. （ A） They are not popular nowadays. （ B） They shouldnt be the first choice for insomniacs. （ C） They are much cheaper than the prescribed medicines. （ D） All of the experts approve of them. Section C 26 It could be possible to learn new skills while you sleep, according to American s
15、cientists. Researchers at Yale University investigated the brain【 B1】 _of lucid(神志清醒的 )dreamers people who have “waking dreams“ that they can manipulate and found that they can control parts of their brain to【 B2】 _and “learn“ while they sleep. The study, published in New Scientist, found that these
16、 dreamers【 B3】 _better in gambling tasks that stretch the regions in the brain that control social interaction and【 B4】 _decision-making. The researchers are looking at how to【 B5】_people with new skills by controlling their dreams and【 B6】 _new ideas. They hope this could be used to improve a perso
17、ns social control and decision-making abilities. These findings follow a【 B7】 _study where researchers from the University of Bern discovered that lucid dreamers who practiced throwing a coin into a cup were better at this skill in real life when they woke up. If you have unusual dreams that you can
18、t【 B8】 _the next morning, take a look at our dream decoder. In another less-scientific sleep study, it has been found that what side of the bed you sleep on【 B9】 _a lot about your personality. The research claims that people who sleep on the left side of the bed are happier than those who snooze on
19、the right. A quarter of “lefties“ woke up feeling positive, cheerful and ready to【 B10】 _the day and deal with stress. But the right-hand sleepers didnt. Your sleep position is also said to be a telling sign, according to the sleep expert, Prof. Chris Idzikowskia, from the Sleep Assessment and Advis
20、ory Service. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Residents could be forced to rise from bed and put out their bins at 5 am under proposals to keep streets tidier. They would only be able to leave waste on the public highway for coll
21、ection during two hour-long【 C1】 _ from 5 pm to 6 pm, and from 5 am to 6 am. Collections of residential and commercial waste were then【 C2】_for between 6 am and 8 am, and 6 pm and 8 pm. Those residents who fail to meet the restrictions【 C3】 _by Merton Council, in south London, will be fined. The cou
22、ncil says it hopes the move will “improve the cleanliness and overall street environment“ by reducing the amount of time waste is left on the street for collection. In a statement the council said: “Merton Councils drive to keep the boroughs streets clean is taking another positive step with proposa
23、ls to introduce a time-specific waste collection scheme in Wimbledon.“ However with many working residents【 C4】_to arrive home from work after 6 pm, homeowners will be forced to rise at 5 am to put out their waste. A trial【 C5】 _is expected to take place in a defined area of Wimbledon Village and Wi
24、mbledon town centre from April,【 C6】 _a consultation process. Councilor Mark Betteridge, cabinet member for performance and implementation, said: “Time【 C7】 _will help improve the cleanliness of our streets and make our town center more pleasant and attractive for all, because we want to make Wimble
25、don a【 C8】 _town centre for people to visit. I would encourage residents and local businesses in the proposed time to feed back their views on the scheme to Merton so we can ensure all views are considered.“ An informal consultation on the proposals will take place over the coming weeks when officer
26、s will be speaking to businesses and residents about the plans. A council spokesman said residents in【 C9】 _areas would have a three-month trial before they would be【 C10】 _to fines. A)access F)following K)likely B)affected G)imperative L)run C)banding H)imposed M)slots D)connecting I)influential N)
27、subject E)destination J)instantly O)timed 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 News is bad for you and giving up reading it will make you happier A)In the past few decades, the fortunate among us have recognized the hazards of living
28、 with an overabundance of food(obesity, diabetes)and have started to change our diets. But most of us do not yet understand that news is to the mind what sugar is to the body. News is easy to digest. The media feeds us small bites of trivial matters that dont really concern our lives and dont requir
29、e thinking. Thats why we experience almost no saturation. Unlike reading books and long magazine articles(which require thinking), we can swallow limitless quantities of news flashes, which are bright-colored candies for the mind. Today, we have reached the same point in relation to information that
30、 we faced 20 years ago in regard to food. We are beginning to recognize how poisonous news can be. B)News misleads. Take the following event(borrowed from Nassim Taleb). A car drives over a bridge, and the bridge collapses. What does the news media focus on? The car. The person in the car. Where he
31、came from. Where he planned to go. How he experienced the crash(if he survived). But that is all irrelevant. Whats relevant? The structural stability of the bridge. Thats the underlying risk that has been staying, and could exist in other bridges. But the car is flashy, its dramatic, its a person(no
32、n-abstract), and its news thats cheap to produce. News leads us to walk around with the completely wrong risk map in our heads. So terrorism is over-rated. Chronic stress is under-rated. The collapse of Lehman Brothers is overrated. Fiscal irresponsibility is under-rated. Astronauts are over-rated.
33、Nurses are under-rated. C)News is irrelevant. Out of the approximately 10 000 news stories you have read in the last 12 months, name one that because you consumed it allowed you to make a better decision about a serious matter affecting your life, your career or your business. The point is: the cons
34、umption of news is irrelevant to you. But people find it very difficult to recognize whats relevant. Its much easier to recognize whats new. The relevant versus the new is the fundamental battle of the current age. Media organizations want you to believe that news offers you some sort of a competiti
35、ve advantage. Many fall for that. We get anxious when were cut off from the flow of news. In reality, news consumption is a competitive disadvantage. The less news you consume, the bigger the advantage you have. D)News has no explanatory power. News items are bubbles popping on the surface of a deep
36、er world. Will accumulating facts help you understand the world? Sadly, no. The relationship is inverted. The important stories are non-stories: slow, powerful movements that develop below journalists radar but have a transforming effect. The more “news“ you digest, the less of the big picture you w
37、ill understand. If more information leads to higher economic success, wed expect journalists to be at the top of the pyramid. Thats not the case. E)News is harmful to your body. It constantly triggers the limbic(脑边缘系统的 )system. Panicky stories stimulate the release of cascades of glucocorticoid(糖皮质激
38、素 ). This deregulates your immune system and inhibits the release of growth hormones. In other words, your body finds itself in a state of chronic stress. High glucocorticoid levels cause impaired digestion, lack of growth(cell, hair, bone), nervousness and defenselessness to infections. The other p
39、otential side-effects include fear, aggression, tunnel-vision etc. F)News increases cognitive errors. News feeds the mother of all cognitive errors: confirmation bias. In the words of Warren Buffett:“What the human being is best at doing is interpreting all new information so that their prior conclu
40、sions remain complete. “ News worsens this flaw. We become prone to overconfidence, take stupid risks and misjudge opportunities. It also exacerbates another cognitive error: the story bias. Our brains crave stories that “make sense“ even if they dont correspond to reality. Any journalist who writes
41、, “The market moved because of X“ or “the company went bankrupt because of Y“ is an idiot. We are fed up with this cheap way of “explaining“ the world. G)News inhibits thinking. Thinking requires concentration. Concentration requires uninterrupted time. News pieces are specifically engineered to int
42、errupt you. They are like viruses that steal attention for their own purposes. News makes us shallow thinkers. But its worse than that. News severely affects memory. There are two types of memory. Long-range memorys capacity is nearly infinite, but working memory is limited to a certain amount of sl
43、ippery data. The path from short-term to long-term memory is a choke-point in the brain, but anything you want to understand must pass through it. If this passageway is disrupted, nothing gets through. Because news disrupts concentration, it weakens comprehension. Online news has an even worse impac
44、t. In a 2001 study two scholars in Canada showed that comprehension declines as the number of hyperlinks in a document increases. Why? Because whenever a link appears, your brain has to at least make the choice not to click, which in itself is distracting. News is an intentional interruption system.
45、 H)News works like a drug. As stories develop, we want to know how they continue. With hundreds of storylines in our heads, this desire is increasingly compelling and hard to ignore. However, the more news we consume, the more we exercise the neural circuits devoted to skimming and multitasking whil
46、e ignoring those used for reading deeply and thinking with profound focus. Most news consumers even if they used to be greedy book readers have lost the ability to absorb lengthy articles or books. After four, five pages they get tired, their concentration vanishes, they become restless. Its not bec
47、ause they got older or their schedules became more oppressive. Its because the physical structure of their brains has changed. I)News wastes time. If you read the newspaper for 15 minutes each morning, then check the news for 15 minutes during lunch and 15 minutes before you go to bed, then add five
48、 minutes here and there when youre at work, then count distraction and refocusing time, you will lose at least half a day every week. Information is no longer a scarce commodity. But attention is. You are not that irresponsible with your money, reputation or health. Why give away your mind? J)News m
49、akes us passive. News stories are overwhelmingly about things you cannot influence. The daily repetition of news about things we cant act upon makes us passive. It wears us down until we adopt a worldview that is pessimistic, emotionless, sarcastic and fatalistic(宿命论的 ). The scientific term is “learned helplessness“. Its a bit of a stretch, but its not surprising if news consumption, at least partially contributes to the widespre
