1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 0 Over a century ago, Alfred Russell Wallace wrote that “w
2、e live in a zoologically poor world, from which all the hugest, fiercest and strangest forms have recently disappeared. “ Researchers seeking to explain this “ marvelous fact“, as Wallace called it, fall into two camps, one invoking global climatic change and the other human hunting as the cause. Ov
3、er the past few decades, the debate has become deadlocked, in part because most researchers have focused their attention on the Americas and northern Eurasia, where the extinction of the huge, fierce, and strange creatures, such as mammoths, and giant sloths(大树懒 ), occurred between 12, 500 and about
4、 11, 000 years ago. This was a time of rapid climatic change, but it was also when humans first arrived in these regions, making it difficult to discern causality. Australia provides the only separate, continent-sized natural laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinctions occurred. It is thus o
5、f exceptional importance as a testing ground for extinction theories, but until now problems with dating have limited its potential. Miller and some people have now documented the extinction of the gigantic Australian bird and so have broken new ground in dating huge creatures extinction in Australi
6、a. At the same time, these authors have broken the current deadlock in the great huge creature extinction debate. It has long been appreciated that the intensity of Quaternary extinctions varied greatly around the world. In the oceans, Africa, and Southeast Asia, they were nonexistent or mild. Europ
7、e experienced moderate extinction rates, whereas the Americas, Australia, Madagascar, and many Oceanic islands suffered dramatic extinctions. North America lost 73% of all forms weighing more than 44 kg, but Australia suffered the most severely of all the continents, losing every terrestrial vertebr
8、ate(脊椎动物 )species larger than a human, as well as many smaller mammals, reptiles, and flightless birds, the latter down to about a kilogram in weight. In all, about 60 vertebrate species were lost, including bizarre marsupials(有袋类动物 )that resembled giant sloths, kangaroos, and a terrestrial horned t
9、ortoise that approached the size of a Volkswagen Beetle car. Establishing just when this bizarre array of creatures last trod Australias outback has been an intricate business, with many false leads and sites that are difficult to interpret. For decades, it was believed that the huge creatures survi
10、ved until close to the time of the glacial maximum, some 20, 000 years ago, when temperatures were up to 9t cooler than at present and the continent was extremely arid. Conditions were so extreme that trees virtually disappeared from the inland, and 40% of Australia was transformed into a vast activ
11、e dune field. 1 Alfred Russell Wallace thought our world is zoologically poor because of_. 2 The difficulty in discerning the direct cause of the huge creatures extinction in_ has made the debate deadlocked. 3 The evidence found by Miller and other people made progress in_. 4 Before the Quaternary e
12、xtinction, there lived_whose weight was down to a kilogram in Australia. 5 In the last paragraph, the author seems to be more agreeable to the idea that_ caused the extinction of huge creatures in Australia. 5 According to a scientific study published in April, 2007, birds have shown they can plan f
13、or a future state of mind. Hiving up provisions for future use is not unique to humans. Birds, squirrels and monkeys do it. But the ability to think not just about tomorrow, but to realize how tomorrows feelings might differ from todays, was thought to be the preserve of people. Recently researchers
14、 demonstrated that Western scrub-jays(灌木松鸦 ), a type of crow, can do it too. The researchers, led by Nicky Clayton of the University of Cambridge, wanted to test an idea proposed by Wolfgang Kohler, Norbert Bischof and Doris Bischof-Kohler, three German psychologists. The Bischof-Kohler hypothesis s
15、ays that only humans can mentally separate themselves from what they are experiencing to conceive how they might feel about future events.To test whether this is so, Dr. Clayton and her colleagues sought to tease apart scrub-jays momentary desires from their planning for future needs. They let the b
16、irds eat as much of one food as they wanted, exploiting a condition called specific satiety(饱足 )- once the birds are full of one food, they show strong preference for something different. They then offered the birds that same food or a second one to store for later. Initially the scrub-jays behaved
17、as predicted, choosing to hive away the second food, which they had not just eaten. But minutes before allowing the birds to recover their storage, the researchers fed the birds to satiety with that second food the one they had already stored. The birds changed their storing preferences on the very
18、next trial. Even though they had just had their fill of the first food, they still store it, presumably because they thought it would be their preferred choice later. The finding matters because the birds seem to plan ahead for what they will want later, even though their choice conflicts with what
19、they want now. It could prompt a reassessment of how animals perceive the world around them. 6 Recent research shows that birds have the ability to arrange for_. 7 The purpose of the research conducted by Dr. Clayton and her team is to_. 8 The researchers wanted to employ certain methods to separate
20、 the scrub-jays present desires from their thinking for_. 9 What was the scrub-jays momentary desire after they ate one food to the satiety condition? 10 The finding on the scrub-jays behavior make us_the animals thinking. 10 Since the dawn of human ingenuity(独创性 ), people have devised ever more cun
21、ning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos(发明 )whose presence we bare
22、ly notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that c
23、an perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves. “While we know how to tell a robot to han
24、dle a specific error,“ says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “ we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. “ Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 19
25、60s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors(微型处理器 )might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found is that the human brains roughly one hundred bil
26、lion nerve cells are much more talented than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent
27、 that is irrelevant, instantly focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it. 11 The continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics enab
28、les robot systems to be applied in some surgeries with very high_. 12 Dave Lavery suggests we can not design a robot that_responds to the dynamic world. 13 It may be_that by 2010, the action of human brain can be copied by transistor circuits and microprocessors. 14 The talent of the_has been largel
29、y underestimated by researchers before. 15 Facing with a rapidly changing scene, even the most advanced robot can not quickly find_ information that it needs. 15 Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which hum
30、ans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the universal Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the “Net“, in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost everyone who pa
31、ys a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as network of visual telephone links. It remains to be seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believe it is the educational hope of future. The World
32、Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the “Net“ was comparable to an integrated collection of computerized typewriters, but t
33、he introduction of the “Web“ in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs and even video. A web site consists of a “home page“, the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related “pages“(or screens
34、)at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called “hypertext“. By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the “Net“ can go traveling, or surfing through a web of pages to locate whatever information is
35、 required. Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your companys products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by any organization. It is, perhaps, true to say that one and
36、 therefore everyone owns the “Net“. Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of use
37、rs both young and old get connected with the Internet for dual purposes for which it was intended discovery and delight. 16 Internet and the telephone networks can both _ us to many people in the world. 17 Though originated in communication industry, the Information Superhighway was believed to prom
38、ote_in the future. 18 _makes it possible for people to access many other related pages from one homepage. 19 The media often take the Internet as a dangerous tool for young computer users because of the relatively freedom of access to_. 20 What are the purposes for most computer users to get connect
39、ed with the Internet? Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the ban
40、k is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 20 It might be supposed that efficiency should be achieved only if several people cooperate to solve a problem. Such res
41、ults are by no means invariable. Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counterbalancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and with efforts to make it more【 C1】 _. Problem solving is facilitated by the presen
42、ce of an effective leader who not only provides direction but【 C2】 _the orderly, constructive expression of various opinions. Although groups may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically【 C3】 _than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone. A proce
43、ss called brainstorming(自由讨论 )has been offered as a method which can【 C4】 _the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few【 C5】 _as can be managed. T
44、heoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups. Under special circumstan
45、ces, however, a group may solve problems more【 C6】 _than a reasonably competent individual does. Group members may【 C7】 _different resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group【 C8】 _superior in dealing with selected probl
46、ems. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher【 C9】 _of identifying the right one than does an individual alone. One difference between problem solving by a group and by an individual is that the group depends heavily on【 C10】 _
47、communication, while individual through implicit, subjective, silent activity.AprobabilityBeffectivelyCrefrainsDpermitsEcoherentFinhibitionsGachievementsHhigherIcontributeJamplerKlowerLinefficientlyMfacilitateNagreementsOverbal 21 【 C1】 22 【 C2】 23 【 C3】 24 【 C4】 25 【 C5】 26 【 C6】 27 【 C7】 28 【 C8】
48、29 【 C9】 30 【 C10】 大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 10答案与解析 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 【知识模块】 短句问答 1 【正确答案】 the disappearing of
49、 the hugest, fiercest and strangest forms 【试题解析】 根据线索词 zoologically poor定位在第一段第一句话上，文中说我们生活在一个物种数量减少的时代，所有那些最大、最凶猛、最奇怪的物种近来都从世界上消失了 ，本题将原文中的 from which 非限制性定语从句转化成一个原因状语，需用 disappear的动名词形式。 【知识模块】 短句问答 2 【正确答案】 the Americas and northern Eurasia 【试题解析】 文中说这种争辩已陷于僵局，部分是因为大多数研究者将注意力集中于美洲和欧亚大陆的北部，那里，动物灭绝的时候也是人类首次涉足的时候，故导致动物灭绝的原因究竟是气候还是狩猎无法说清楚。根据介词 in判断这里填地点。 【知识模块】 短句问答 3 【正确答案】 dating huge creature ext
