1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 When a gamemaster(游戏设计师 )commence creating an
2、d running a gaming campaign, she almost always draws inspirations from movies, fiction, comic books, and similar sources in mind. Her influences may be subconscious she favors the novels of Tolkien and Kurtz, so she tries to incorporate elements similar to theirs into her game without deliberately c
3、opying them or conscious she just saw the movies Stargate and tries to file off the serial numbers and create a virtually identical campaign but in both cases the influences exist. When gamemasters create and run games, they often try to simulate the media, settings, and genres that so fascinate the
4、m. Theres nothing wrong with this. One of the things that pull many people into gaming is the desire to create their own settings and worlds, ones as well portrayed, cleverly put together, and wondrous as the books they read and the television shows they see. Its only natural that our viewing and re
5、ading habits form interconnections with our gaming hobby. By the same token, however, games are not novels. Nor, for that matter, are they movies, television shows, comic books, short stories, or anything else. Theyre games, pure and simple, and though they may be influenced by mass-media entertainm
6、ent, they dont follow all of the same “rules“. At some times a setting proves so unadaptable to RPGs that its not worth the effort to try to carry it over to the gaming table. Most of the time games exist in a gray area where they can simulate some aspects of a genre or setting well and others not s
7、o well. The wise GM learns to work within the boundaries of genre and setting simulation. She takes advantage of the nature of roleplaying games to create her own stories and settings which, while properly reminiscent of the books, movies, and shows that inspired her, also make use of the unique str
8、engths and attributes of gaming itself. What the philosophizing and suggesting boils down to is this: Youre playing a game about story creation, youre not writing a novel or creating a movie. If you hold simulation of novels and movies as your ultimate goal, youre likely to be disappointed, because
9、games arent mass-media entertainments theyre games. You can do a lot to make your games more like mass-media entertainments than they are now and in the process improve them, perhaps dramatically. But you shouldnt ever lose sight of the fact that they remain games and thus follow different rules. Tr
10、y to get around those rules and youre likely to become frustrated and aggravated when your games dont measure up to your favorite books and shows. If you stick to those rules, youll find your games fun, exciting, and enriching in and of themselves. 1 The phrase “both cases“(Line 9, Para. 1)refers to
11、_. （ A） filing off the serial numbers and creating a virtually identical campaign （ B） creating and running a game （ C） consciously or unconsciously intimating the favorite movies, etc （ D） the novels of Tolkien and Kurtz and the movies Stargate 2 What pulls so many people into creating games? （ A）
12、The viewing and reading habits in reading their favorite books. （ B） The desire to create their own settings and worlds according to what they have read. （ C） The entertainment of the games. （ D） The popularity of the films in real world. 3 What may lead a game to fail? （ A） The game is too fancy to
13、 be reached by people. （ B） The game creator takes simulation of novels as the ultimate goal. （ C） The game is distinct from the entertainments. （ D） The game creator does not well understand what the people like. 4 What can we know from the last paragragh? （ A） We should take the simulation of the
14、novels as our ultimate aim of gaming. （ B） We can adapt media entertainment for games only if we make great efforts. （ C） If adhering to the rules, we can make more appealing games. （ D） Once abiding by the rules youll become more and more depressed. 5 What does the passage mainly talk about? （ A） G
15、aming hobby. （ B） Gaming creation. （ C） Mass-media entertainment. （ D） Creation inspirations. 5 Writing in Wired Magazine, Jon Katz, a media critic, summarizes the dilemma facing newspaper publishers: “So far, at least, online papers dont work commercially or conceptually. They take away whats best
16、about reading a paper and dont offer whats best about being online. The newspaper needs to reinvent itself. The object is not to supersede(代替 ), or put into a different format, but to gain a toe-hold(小立足点 )in cyberspace and even absorb some of its values. “ Reinventing itself is a tall order for an
17、industry that works under constant deadline to produce a new product each day. How can the industry begin to construct a new model that trades on state-of-the-art technology? Paradoxically, the answer comes from reflecting on the past. By analyzing and paring down the essentials of journalism as a c
18、raft and a profession, the real essence of the industry will emerge and a predictive model will begin to take shape. To its credit, the newspaper industry has conducted research and written and thought a great deal about what to do in the future. The challenge for you will be perhaps your greatest e
19、ver. As a producer of newspapers, what you must do first is to determine how you conceive yourself. Are you an organization that supplies newspapers or are you an organization that supplies information? This self-analysis is being conducted in turbulent times when conflicting forces threaten to pull
20、 the industry apart. Reading a daily newspaper is a habit of millions of middle-age and older Americans. However, todays young people often prefer more sophisticated media to the daily ritual of the morning newspaper. We are also experiencing what some call an information explosion that threatens to
21、 bury even the most zealous reader and intellectual. Ironically, it is the oversupply of information that holds the key to the survival of the newspaper industry. The digitizing of information has created a vast expansion in the amount of information that is readily available to audiences. Books and
22、 manuscripts that previously consumed libraries and other physical spaces are now contained in digital bytes that can move with great speed over vast distances. Quite simply, more information is available to more people more quickly than ever before. Mass media evolved because people from all walks
23、of life needed help to understand the world around them. Throughout history, newspapers have excelled at collecting, recording, and distributing information at many different levels. As they evolve in light of technological change, newspapers need to embrace that mission anew(再 ). In fact, defining
24、what is news is now more critical than ever. And it is their ability to do this within the context of new technology that is the key to newspapers survival. 6 According to Jon Katz, _. （ A） newspapers are quite valid commercially （ B） wed better substitute a new format for the old one （ C） the purpo
25、se of a reinventing of newspaper is to make it dominate the Internet （ D） the online papers remove the best of reading, and dont show the best online 7 What can we learn from the second paragraph? （ A） The newspaper industry can reinvent itself naturally. （ B） The formation of the new model depends
26、on arts. （ C） The new model probably refers to online newspapers. （ D） Its paradoxical that a new model evolves from the reflection of the past. 8 From the fourth paragraph we can conclude that_. （ A） information explosion will kill the most zealous readers （ B） the excessive information will get in
27、 the way of the survival of the newspaper industry （ C） even the eagerest reader and intellectual can get enough to read in an information explosion time （ D） there are no books and manuscripts in libraries 9 The words “ that mission“(Line 4, Para. 5)refer to_. （ A） newspapers （ B） newspaper produce
28、rs （ C） the collecting, recording, and distributing of news （ D） geographic locales 10 Whats the key to newspapers survival according to the passage? （ A） Newspapers should try to absorb the value of the cyberspace. （ B） Newspapers should take old people as their target readers. （ C） Newspapers shou
29、ld supply the curious news to readers. （ D） Newspapers should use its advantages within the context of new technology. 10 Have you ever felt slightly under the weather, called your doctor for advice and been asked to drag yourself to her office only to be told to rest up and drink lots of fluids? Or
30、, worse, have you ever spent a day playing phone tag so you could get the results of an important diagnostic test? Chances are these inconveniences could have been avoided if your doctor used a simple, ubiquitous(无所不在的 )tool: e-mail. A study published in the July issue of Health Affairs indicates th
31、at patients who use e-mail to communicate with their doctors not only save time and money but also have healthier outcomes. The authors reviewed more man 500, 000 patient-doctor e-mails sent within the Kaiser Permanente network and found that people with hypertension(高血压 )or diabetes(糖尿病 )(or both)w
32、ho e-mailed their doctors managed their blood pressure and blood sugar better than non-e-mailers. Given this news and given that millions of Americans have had e-mail accounts for more than a decade, why is it that only a small percentage of physicians report that they use the tool with patients? On
33、e reason is that primary-care providers, the doctors most likely to be able to coordinate care via e-mail, generally get paid $ 60 to $ 100 per office visit and $ 0 per e-mail. This kind of electronic communication is not recognized as a billable activity by Medicare, Medicaid or most private insure
34、rs. Kaiser is a special case in that the people it insures receive care at Kaiser-owned facilities where the doctors are essentially paid per patient, not per procedure. Its physicians “dont get paid by generating more visits, so they find a more efficient way,“ says study co-author Terhilda Garrido
35、. “Its in their best interest to use e-mail. “ The new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act could help spread the use of e-mail, since the law is funding pilot projects similar to the Kaiser system. Dr. Fred Ralston, president of the American College of Physicians and an internist(内科医师 )in pri
36、vate practice in Tennessee, is one of thousands of doctors across the country experimenting with such a model. The extra funding which, in Ralstons case, comes from BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee could allow more primary-care doctors to fully embrace e-mail. “Its a wonderful thing,“ he says. “You
37、 can spend probably 30 seconds and give patients commonsense advice. “ Most doctors who e-mail dont use Gmail or Outlook. To comply with federal privacy laws, they contract with software vendors(供应商 )to set up secure independent websites. Some private insurers will reimburse for secure, third-party
38、electronic communication but wont do so for standard e-mail. Cigna, for instance, pays doctors about $25 for an “eVisit“, in which patients, rather than writing free-form messages, fill out discrete Web-page fields. Dr. Richard Baron, a Philadelphia internist, takes a different approach. Patients ca
39、n log on to his practices secure website and write as much as they like. “When people want to interact with their doctor, they want to do it in a conversational mode, “ he says. 11 Which of the following is a reason mentioned that few physicians use e-mail with patients? （ A） Communication on e-mail
40、s isnt clear enough. （ B） In most cases doctors get no profit in this way. （ C） The government is against this approach. （ D） Most of the patients dont like the “ eVisit“. 12 What kind of organization may Kaiser be? （ A） A large hospital. （ B） An insurance company. （ C） A health care organization. （
41、 D） A network company. 13 Why does the new Act mentioned could help spread the use of e-mail? （ A） It provides doctors using e-mails with high pay. （ B） It protects the online patients privacy. （ C） It requires to give money to projects using “eVisit“. （ D） It stipulates that doctors must use the e-
42、mail. 14 What does Dr. Fred Ralston think of experimenting with a model similar to the Kaiser system? （ A） Enthusiastic. （ B） Concerned. （ C） Impersonal. （ D） Suspicious. 15 What can we learn from Dr. Richard Barons experience? （ A） EVisit will be popular among doctors and patients. （ B） Patients wa
43、nt to communicate with doctors face to face. （ C） Patients usually have a lot of words to tell the doctors. （ D） When consulting doctors, patients favor the conversational mode. 15 It may start to sound like the same old he-said, she-said story, but gender differences in humor arent as predictable a
44、s they might seem. The men on average perceived more humor in the couples conversations, but the women produced more humor, contradicting the stereotype that men are the funnier sex according to a study. Nonetheless, a few themes emerge. Many women tend to use humor as a way of enhancing the relatio
45、nship, while men may use it to enhance their own image. At a family dinner, for example, a woman may retell a story of a comic moment they all shared last Thanksgiving. A man might be more likely to treat the guests as his audience and play for laughs. Along these lines, Mary Crawford, a professor o
46、f psychology and womens studies at the University of Connecticut, found that men liked jokes and slapstick better than women, while women tended to find more humor in collaborative storytelling. Sometimes the way guys express closeness to other guys is through humor that puts people down. When they
47、try to use the same kind of humor with the women in their lives, it doesnt come across the same way. The differences are in fact less about hormone and more about context. After all, men still tend to have higher status in our society, and many studies have shown that people with power use humor dif
48、ferently than do their underlings. “You could say its a way men talk, but it may be a way that higher-status people talk,“ says Crawford. When the boss cracks a joke, everybody laughs; when his assistant wants to make a suggestion or offer criticism, she tempers it with self-deprecating humor. As an
49、yone whos worked with a jokester boss can prove, humor is very much in the eye of the beholder, and whats intended as a witty remark may fall miserably flat or e-ven seem cruel in the context of a difficult or imbalanced relationship. Thats true in romantic relationships too, agree psychologists: Trouble with humor is more likely to be a symptom than a cause of difficulty. Its all about timing. If your significant other cant take a joke, take a good look at your own motives for making it. Were you really trying
