1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Friendship is a lot like food. We need it to
2、survive. What is more, we seem to have a basic drive for it. Psychologists find that human beings have fundamental need for inclusion in group life and for close relationships. We are truly social animals. The result is, we function best when this social need is met. It is easier to stay motivated,
3、to meet the varied challenges of life. In fact, evidence has been growing that when our need for social relationships is not met, we fall apart mentally and even physically. There are effects on the brain and on the body. Some effects work subtly, through the exposure of multiple body systems to exc
4、ess amounts of the hormones of stress. Yet the effects are distinct enough to be measured over time, so that unmet social needs take a serious toll on health, eroding our arteries, creating high blood pressure, and even undermining learning and memory. A lack of close friends and a dearth of broader
5、 social contact generally bring the emotional discomfort or distress known as loneliness. It begins with an awareness of a deficiency of relationships. This cognitive awareness plays through our brain with an emotional soundtrack. It makes us sad. We might feel emptiness. We may be filled with a lon
6、ging for contact. We feel isolated, distanced from others, deprived. These feelings tear away at our emotional well-being. Despite the negative effects of loneliness, it can hardly be considered abnormal. It is a most normal feeling. Everyone feels lonely sometimes after a break-up with a friend or
7、lover, when we move to a new place, when we are excluded from some social gathering. Chronic loneliness is something else entirely. It is one of the surest markers in existence for maladjustment. In children, it leads to all kinds of problems. Failure to be socially connected to peers is the real re
8、ason behind most school dropouts. It sets in motion a course on which children spin their way to outcast status and develop delinquency and other forms of antisocial behavior. In adults, loneliness is a major precipitant of depression and alcoholism. And it increasingly appears to be the cause of a
9、range of medical problems, some of which take decades to show up. Loneliness sets in motion a variety of “slowly unfolding pathpophysiological processes“. The net result is that the lonely experience higher levels of cumulative wear and tear. In other words, we are built for social contact. There ar
10、e serious life-threatening consequences when we dont get enough. We cant stay on track mentally. And we are compromised physically. Social skills are crucial for your health. 1 What does the author intend to convey by saying “ friendship is a lot like food“(Line I, Para. 1)? （ A） We are truly social
11、 animals. （ B） We cannot function without friendship. （ C） Friendship is very important to us. （ D） Friendship is easily got. 2 Unmet social needs for friendship will most probably_. （ A） cause dangerous illnesses to happen in a short time （ B） lead an awareness of deficiency of relationships （ C） h
12、ave no effect on health for it is subtle （ D） endanger ones health in a progressive way 3 Chronic loneliness is considered to be_. （ A） very common in humankind, no matter they are adults or children （ B） very important because it is an abnormal psychological state （ C） one of significant signs whic
13、h indicate people can not fit into society well （ D） of serious effect only among children 4 When children feel chronic loneliness, they will most probably_. （ A） drop out of school so as to avoid connection with peers （ B） commit crimes at a young age （ C） cast things at peers to show anger （ D） be
14、come antisocialists when they grow up 5 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） human beings are unable to live alone （ B） loneliness will greatly affect human health once it sets （ C） children are the worst victims of loneliness （ D） loneliness has progressive effects on both mental and phy
15、sical health 5 We have compiled a list of things that expectant couples and new parents can do on their own to reduce the expected strain and enjoy more of the positive side of becoming a family. Many husbands and wives neglect to share with each other their private notions of the ideal family. They
16、 assume that once theyve decided to have a baby their ideal family picture will take place spontaneously. Others are reluctant to talk about their hopes and anxieties because they are afraid that disagreement or conflict might result from finding that they differ on important issues. Men and women w
17、ho can talk to each other about what they hope will happen, and what they are concerned might happen, begin their lives as parents feeling better prepared to deal with both the positive and the negative realities. We suggest that partners try to make a regular time each week to go for a walk, to tal
18、k with no interruptions basically to touch base with each other. Many husbands and wives say the day gets away from them. By the time everything is cleaned up at night, they are too exhausted for intimate conversation. It sounds terribly artificial, but making an appointment or a date can be useful
19、even if the laundry or dinner dishes have to wait or the “date“ must be rescheduled because of a crying baby or fatigue. If one partner feels that something is a problem, at least for now, it is a problem. We recommend discussing only one problem at a time, with an explicit agreement that other diff
20、iculties will be addressed at the next opportunity. If partners can trust that both their issues will be addressed in time, they are less likely to sabotage todays discussion. Last but not least, talk with a friend or co-worker. We find that participating in an ongoing group with the help of a train
21、ed mental health professional and other couples can buffer mens and womens dissatisfaction and keep marital disenchantment from getting out of hand, at least for the first few years. Although these kinds of groups are not available at this time the same kind of sharing of information might come from
22、 special friends or co-workers who are willing to talk about their experiences of being partners and parents. Every couple has both trivial and important issues they need to work out. To cope with the stressful situations you will need to adopt an experimental attitude. The trick is to take a step a
23、nd shift from a “What are you doing wrong?“ position to a “Whats going on in our lives that this is happening now?“ attitude. And remember, its never too late for a positive change. 6 Why are some people unwilling to share their hopes and anxieties with their partners according to the passage? （ A）
24、They worry the difference on important issues may cause conflict. （ B） They want to preserve the fundamental right to privacy. （ C） They think sharing expectations may harm their relationship. （ D） They think their ideal family picture will take place spontaneously. 7 To have a date or an appointmen
25、t with your partner is_. （ A） regarded as a terrible artificial behavior （ B） going to make your house a mess with all the laundry and dishes left behind （ C） really useful for a couple, so they cannot delay it even if their date conflicts their babys need of them （ D） a useful strategy to improve t
26、he relationship between couples 8 When problems rise between couples, _. （ A） all of the problems should be solved at once （ B） it is recommended that the problems be solved one by one （ C） it is suggested that couples should have an agreement on the difficulties （ D） the couples should trust each o
27、ther in problem solving abilities 9 It can be inferred from the passage that without professional help, if a wife is dissatisfied with the husband, the better way is to_. （ A） turn to a doctor for help （ B） hire a nanny to take care of the baby （ C） get help from a trained mental health professional
28、 （ D） share their problems with an intimate friend or co-worker 10 It is suggested in the passage that when a crisis happens, the couple should_. （ A） take a more positive attitude toward life （ B） solve the problem as soon as possible （ C） regard it as a shared problem instead of blaming the other
29、put （ D） neglect it and pay more attention to the positive side of life 10 When college students return home for the holidays, they can bring more than presents with them. They can also cause stress and tension in the home as the entire family makes adjustments, says an expert at Washington Universi
30、ty in St. Louis. “The winter break is the first extended time at home for most freshmen since they left for college in the summer,“ Karen Levin Coburn, associate vice chancellor for students and dean of the freshman transition at the university, said in a prepared statement. “The first semester at c
31、ollege may have been their first glimpse of freedom. They wonder if it is possible to go home and still maintain their newfound independence, “ said Coburn, who is co-author of the book Letting Go: A Parents Guide to Understanding the College Years. She offered some advice. “ Parents should not be s
32、hocked when students come home with bags under their eyes. Most students have just finished finals, they are exhausted , and they may sleep a lot the first day or two. Parents who have invested money and energy in their childrens education may not understand the zombie re-entering their home,“ Cobur
33、n said. Younger siblings may need support from their parents in order to deal with the changes caused by an older siblings return home from college for the holidays. “ For example, the middle sibling has been used to being the eldest, and it may be more of a drag than a delight to have big sister ho
34、me again,“ Coburn noted. If the returning student is an only child, parents may.realize theyve grown accustomed to privacy and a clean home. “Though parents enjoy the reinvigorated hustle and bustle(熙熙攘攘 )of family life, they may have moments of longing for the spontaneity and quiet of life on their
35、 own. Actually, the ambivalence(矛盾情绪 )is not unlike the ambivalence their child feels about being back home versus being on his or her own,“ Coburn said. Because money is tight for many parents of college students, finances may become a major issue during the holiday visit. Money issues need to be d
36、iscussed openly, Coburn said. “ Try to find a time when the student is open to discussion and tactfully try to help him or her understand the necessity of budgeting,“ she recommended. The tips she gave the bewildered parents are: first dont try to impose old rules(such as curfews)from the students h
37、igh school days, and second plan early and consult with your returning college student when making arrangements for family parties, vacations and other activities. Dont do everything for your student. Let him or her take responsibility for the things theyve been handling while away at college, such
38、as medical appointments, finances, and car and computer maintenance. 11 According to Coburn, college students might_. （ A） love college life more than their old family routine （ B） feel home sick and cannot wait to come back home from college life （ C） want to try their newly found independence at h
39、ome during the holiday （ D） wonder how much freedom they would get at home 12 The students may sleep a lot the first day or two of their holiday, because_. （ A） they are exhausted from unloading their bags （ B） they fail their exams and need to calm down （ C） they are exhausted from preparing themse
40、lves for finals （ D） they are exhausted from playing into midnight after exams 13 Back to their family lives, the freshmen would_. （ A） sleep all the time because they are exhausted from college life （ B） threaten the younger siblings by robbing parents attention （ C） have ambivalent feelings as the
41、ir parents do （ D） spend the parents a lot of money during the holiday 14 According to the passage, facing the college students, parents_. （ A） are more happy than worried （ B） have an ambivalence of both joy and uneasiness （ C） are loaded with more housework than before （ D） are totally unaccustome
42、d to their children from college 15 What suggestion does Coburn give to parents with children back from college? （ A） Doing things for them as more as possibly. （ B） Allowing them take charge of things they have handled. （ C） Helping them deal with financial things. （ D） Helping them get along with
43、their siblings. 15 Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $3, 000, 000s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK $ 150 million a year, and represents about 4 per cent of the shops total sto
44、ck. As a result of this “shrinkage“ as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices. Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just cant help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for t
45、he store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two-way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only
46、a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting. The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts. The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden te
47、mptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countles
48、s others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager. In order to prevent the quite incredible
49、 growth in shop-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircr
