1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To
2、 help solve their traffic woes(苦恼 ), some rapidly growing U. S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviate the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental d
3、isruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style constructions program. The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency(最佳效率 )by treating the roa
4、d and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of this advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television radio communication, ramp(斜坡 )metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reas
5、onable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic. Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway makes up what is called a “smart corridor“, is being instrumented with buried loops in th
6、e pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communications linked to properly equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours(便道 ). Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to seriou
7、s traffic jam. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem. “Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,“ explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the World-watch Instit
8、ute. “It doesnt deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that cant be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message. They start thinking Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but thats been solved now because we have an advanced high-tech system in place. “ Barso
9、n agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we will use to deal with our traffic problems. Its not the solution itself, just part of the package. There are different strategies. “ Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapi
10、d mass transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway. It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change. 1 What is the a
11、ppropriate title for the passage? （ A） Smart Highway Projects The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion （ B） A Quick Fix Solution to the Traffic Problems （ C） A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes （ D） Highways Get Smart Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock 2 The word “quick-fix“(Line 4, Par
12、a. 1)is the closest in meaning to_. （ A） ideal （ B） temporary （ C） ready （ D） efficient 3 According to the passage, the smart highway technology aimed at_. （ A） deploying advanced facilities for transport system （ B） providing passenger vehicles with a variety of services （ C） optimizing the highway
13、 capabilities （ D） improving communication between drivers and the traffic monitors 4 Which of the following is the advantage of Pathfinder according to the passage? （ A） It can reduce the commuters travel cost. （ B） It can improve communication between drivers and other people. （ C） The equipment o
14、n it can provide motorists with real- time traffic information. （ D） It has efficiently controlled the traffic flow of California. 5 Whats Barsons opinion towards traffic problem-solving? （ A） Rapid mass transit systems will become a must. （ B） Smart-highway technology is not the ultimate solution.
15、（ C） Flexible work hours must be experimented. （ D） Road pricing will be a main solution. 5 Turning to crime is in the genes, according to new research carried out in the US. A study of young men and women who had been adopted as children found they were up to four and a half more times to have been
16、 in trouble with the police if one of their natural parents had a criminal record. The fact that their natural parents are having such a huge effect on their behaviour despite having little or no input in their upbringing clearly shows the influence of genetics. And it suggests that while criminals
17、can be bred, they can also be born. More than 250 young men and women were first questioned when in High School and then periodically interviewed for the next 13 years. When they reached their mid-20s and early-30s, they were asked if their natural parents had any sort of criminal record and if they
18、 had ever been in trouble with the law themselves. The Florida State University study found that young men and women who had a biological parent who had been arrested at some point were up to 4. 5 times more likely to have been arrested themselves than those whose natural parents were law-abiding. T
19、he influence of genetics did not end there. A jailed biological parent also dramatically raised the risk of the child having spent time in prison or a young offenders institution. And the more times the biological parent was in trouble with the law, the more problematic the child was likely to be, a
20、ccording to the journal Biological Psychiatry. Dr Kevin Beaver, the studys author and a criminologist(刑事学家 ), concluded, “Adoptees who have a biological father or a biological mother who have been arrested previously are significantly more likely to be arrested. “ Genes implicated in violence anti-s
21、ocial behaviour include one called MAO-A which makes an enzyme(酶 )which breaks down chemicals in the brain linked to aggression. Rogue versions of MAO-A and other similar genes have previously been found to have the strongest effect when paired with a problematic upbringing. With repeat offenders re
22、sponsible for a disproportionate amount of crime and heartache, the findings have important implications. For instance with genes only thought to be responsible for 50 to 80 per cent of a persons propensity towards anti-social behaviour, the research raises the possibility that adoptees whose birth
23、parents have a criminal past could attend classes aimed at staving off problems later in life. The science also raises the possibility of genetic testing being used to single out future criminals, potentially allowing them to be arrested before they break the law. But the involvement of hundreds, or
24、 even thousands, of genes in behavior, means that such a test will remain in the realms of fiction for years to come, says Dr. Beaver. 6 What does the study of young men and women adopted as children show us? （ A） Adopted children tend to be more anti-social than other ones. （ B） Genetics play a ver
25、y big role in criminal offence. （ C） Family problems are the main roots that form youth high criminal trend. （ D） Foster parents often have little or no input in the upbringing of their adopted children. 7 The word “problematic“(Line 3, Para. 5)means_. （ A） confused （ B） troubled （ C） curious （ D） l
26、earning 8 What can we know about Mao-A and other similar genes? （ A） The levels of them run 4. 5 times in young offenders bodies than others. （ B） They control anti-social chemicals in the brain. （ C） They are totally responsible for a persons tendency to criminal behavior. （ D） They exert a stronge
27、r influence on the children than on their parents. 9 What does Dr. Beaver think of the application of genetic testing? （ A） It can help adopted children find their natural parents. （ B） It can be used in judging criminals. （ C） It offers scientific proof for arresting suspects. （ D） It isnt feasible
28、 in singling out future offenders. 10 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? （ A） The Genetic Relationship Between Adopted Children and Their Natural Parents （ B） Criminal Behaviour Could Be in the Genes （ C） The Secret Behind Adopted Children （ D） The Way to Single Out Future
29、Criminals 10 A new heat-detecting camera can catch a liar in the act at least 75% of the time, according to a small scientific study out recently. If additional tests confirm its ability, the lie-detector camera might one day be used by airport security to apprehend terrorists before they get on an
30、airplane, says researcher James Levine of the Mayo Clinic. But one critic questions whether the camera would ever be reliable enough to be used on a large scale, or whether it could spot someone who plans to commit a crime. Levines group reported their early findings in Nature. Levine and his collea
31、gues enlisted 20 U. S. Army recruits to help test the camera, which records the heat patterns that are created when blood rushes to the human face. The researchers told eight of the recruits in the study to commit a mock crime. They were told to stab a mannequin, rob it of $20, then lie about the “c
32、rime“. The remaining 12 people in the study knew nothing about the fake crime. The researchers took all 20 people into an interrogation room. They asked them whether they had stolen $ 20 and then recorded their answers with a standard polygraph test and the new camera. The camera caught six out of e
33、ight liars as they were lying the same lie-detecting ability as the polygraph(测谎器 )test. The camera also correctly identified 11 of the 12 people who were telling the truth a slightly better rate than the polygraph. The study is so small that it cant be used as proof of the cameras ability to catch
34、a thief or a liar, Levine says. Still, he is hopeful that the camera is recording a subtle flushing of the face that may automatically occur when someone lies. That flushing may not be caught by the naked eye, but the camera shows a bright red-orange-yellow zone that represents blood rushing to the
35、eyes. “When someone lies, you get an instantaneous warming around the eyes,“ he says. Levine speculates that people who lie are afraid of getting caught. That fear triggers a primitive response to run away. Blood goes to the eyes so that the liar can more efficiently map out an escape route, he says
36、. Levine says it may take years before the camera would be ready for a test at a large U. S. airport. Alan Zelicoff, a senior scientist at the Center for National Security and Arms Control at the Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, says that even if the camera works as well as it did in thi
37、s study, it would mistakenly label lots of people as liars. At a busy U. S. airport, those mistakes could mean a thousand passengers a day who would get pulled aside by security a move that would probably mean lots of missed flights and irate passengers, he says. 11 What does the lie-destector camer
38、a detect during the experiment? （ A） The changes in the testees emotions. （ B） The heat patterns in the testees faces. （ C） The blood pressure of the testees. （ D） The testees heartbeat. 12 In the experiment, the twenty recruits were asked to （ A） kill and rob a mannequin, then lie about the “crime“
39、 （ B） answer whether they had committed a crime （ C） stab somebody and robbed him of 20 dollars （ D） lie to the researchers and display their blood flush 13 Which is the finding about the lie-destector camera by experiment? （ A） It can accurately detect who is telling lies. （ B） Its lie-detecting ab
40、ility is somewhat superior to a standard polygraph. （ C） The camera can clearly distinguish an honest person from a liar. （ D） A standard polygraph cant tell who is telling the truth. 14 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） The new lie-detector camera still calls for further testing for airpo
41、rt application. （ B） The liar cant manage to escape if the blood goes to his eyes. （ C） We can tell blood rushing from some color indicator from ones face. （ D） The lie-detector camera is designed for airport security. 15 What can we learn from the last paragraph? （ A） The result from the laboratory
42、 test is not convincing enough. （ B） The success in experiment doesnt stand for the success in real practice. （ C） Application of a certain invention is easier said than done. （ D） Any airport can not risk the minor error the camera may make. 15 Microsoft this week filed a patent application coverin
43、g a novel way to construct a “tactile“ touchscreen a display that uses technical tricks to convince users they are actually touching the ridges, bumps and textures of a displayed image. Whereas previous screens produced only an illusion of texture, Microsoft proposes producing a real texture, using
44、pixel-sized(像素大小的 )shape-memory plastic cells that can be ordered to protrude(突出 )from the surface on command. Its a new approach to the challenge, but not the first. Communications giant Nokia, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and a Finnish firm called Senseg a
45、re all developing displays that use voltages of different frequencies, applied to a grid below the touchscreen, to trick our fingertips into experiencing a wide variety of touch sensations. They are known as vibrotactile displays. They work well, but have limitations. For one thing, they can be nois
46、y: some of the frequencies are in the audio range, so a buzz can be heard. Such problems may have prompted Microsoft to pursue a radically different approach. Microsofts named inventor, Erez Kikin-Gil at the firms Redmond campus in Washington state, says in the patent that the idea is aimed at large
47、 table-sized computing displays such as the companys Surface, rather than phones or tablets. A projector built into the Surface displays a computer image onto the table top from below. As the user touches it, infrared reflections from their fingertips are detected by cameras beneath the table and us
48、ed to pinpoint the position of the finger and lend touchscreen capability. In the patent, Microsoft proposes coating the display with a light-induced shape-memory polymer(聚合物 ). This becomes hard and protruding when one wavelength of ultraviolet light is transmitted at a pixel, and soft when another
49、 wavelength hits it. By modulating these wavelengths, texture can be created, the patent claims. However, Microsoft never comments on its plans for its patents and it is not yet known how feasible the idea is. If it works it certainly would be welcome, says Patrick Baudisch, a display interaction expert at the University of Potsdam in Germany, who worked on the Surface in its early days. “Creating well-defined bumps on a touch surface is in many ways the holy grail of text entry on touch devices because it would enable touch typing at
