1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the infor
2、mation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 0 Scare Tactics From crowded streets to open flames, Halloween hazards abound. Here are essential tips for preventing trick-or
3、-treating tragedies. On Halloween, kids break all the rules. They take candy from strangers and they go out after dark. All the usual safety risks that children face increase for trick-or-treaters, explains Nancy Cowles, executive director of Kids in Danger, a Chicago-based nonprofit dedicated to pr
4、oduct safety. With mobs of excited kids and adults crossing the streets often wearing visibility-restricting costumes, its no surprise that Halloween has the highest number of pedestrian crash deaths of any night of the year, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Other dangers inc
5、lude burns, choking and falls. Here are some essential guidelines for preventing accidents and a list of products that can help minimize many Halloween hazards. Stay Visible “Children are four times more likely to die in a pedestrian motor-vehicle accident on Halloween than any other day of the year
6、, “ says Alan Korn, director of public policy for the nonprofit Safe Kids Worldwide, a network of organizations. Halloween trick-or-treating and rush hour fall at the exact same time, he explains, and then this year, because of daylight savings time falling before Halloween, “its going to get darker
7、 all the sooner. “ “Predictability and visibility are the two most important things on Halloween, “ Korn explains. Children cannot dart back and forth across the street like they did in this day. “Today you work the side of the street. You stay on the sidewalks. You carry a flashlight.Be careful eno
8、ugh at the corner you cross. Work the other side, all with adults and with costumes that can be seen at night,“ he says. For the best visibility, parents should substitute face paint for masks. Also remember to put reflective tape and stickers on childrens costumes and give them flashlights to carry
9、. White is a better color than black for costumes. “ When it comes to keeping kids safe on the streets at night, parental supervision is the key,“ adds Cowles. Parents should even keep an eye on older children up to age 13.Avoid Flames and Wear Flame-Resistant Costumes There are always more candle f
10、ires on holidays, says Lorraine Carli, spokeswoman for the National Fire Protection Association. However, death resulting from burns on Halloween is rare. In 2005, one child and three adults suffered burns while wearing Halloween costumes, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. But the
11、se numbers may underestimate the actual risk of burns, Cowles says. The commission counts burn survivors who went to hospital emergency rooms or who officially filed a complaint. Not counted are children whose parents treated them at home or took them to the doctor the next day. Burns are still a co
12、ncern over Halloween, Cowles says. “It really is the only time where we knowingly have open flames around children,“ she adds. For the DeYoungs, those warnings came too late. Two years ago Neal DeYoung took his three children out trick-or-treating in their hometown of Newtown, Conn. They stopped at
13、a neighbors house for one final treat. The neighbors had placed a display involving lighted candles on a table next to the front door. De Youngs middle child, 7-year-old Cary, was wearing a store-bought Ringwraith costume a character from The Lord of the Rings. As he approached the door, one of his
14、long, billowing sleeves touched a candle. Carys costume caught on fire, flames spreading so rapidly there was no time to put them out. “ It went up like a torch,“ his father recalls. The costume had a hood and mesh material covering the face, making Carys burns especially severe. He survived, but on
15、ly after suffering second-, third- and even fourth-degree burns to his face, neck and left hand. Parents can reduce some of the risks of burns by looking for flame-resistant materials when choosing store-bought costumes and accessories, or making them from scratch. Polyesters and nylons are inherent
16、ly more flame-resistant than natural fibers, such as 100 percent cotton, according to Nancy Nord, acting chairman of the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Look for labels that say “ flame resistant“. “While these synthetic fabrics can still catch fire, its a slower burn, “ she says, “compared to n
17、atural fibers like cotton. “ Experts agree that homemade costumes pose more of a fire risk than store-bought ones. Avoid using paper or cardboard in costumes. “ Polyester or nylon will melt,“ says Julie Vallese, director of information and public affairs at the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Th
18、e fabric is easy to put out because it does not ignite into flames. “ Where as if you have cotton it burns very easily and spreads very easily, “ she says. Even if the costume is flame-resistant, Vallese urges parents to avoid having their child wear a cotton shirt underneath it. If the child comes
19、in contact with fire, the polyester will melt, but the heat produced could still ignite a 100-percent cotton T-shirt underneath, she explains. Experts also recommend avoiding costumes that could obstruct vision, like those with hoods or masks, which can help prevent falls and pedestrian accidents as
20、 well as burns. The robelike costume that Cary DeYoung wore was made of 100 percent cotton and had a label that warned to “ keep away from fire,“ but that can be tough to do when kids crowd onto stoops and into small entryways decorated with candles and jack-o-lanterns. Most experts advise parents t
21、o avoid open flame on Halloween by substituting glow sticks, battery-operated candles or flashlights for candles in jack-o-lanterns and in other decorations. If you do use candles, keep them far out of the path of children. To prevent flame-related tragedies like Carys, the municipal government of N
22、ewtown issued a flame-free Halloween proclamation last year. At the request of Neal De Young and the town authorities, the local pharmacy purchased battery-operated candles wholesale and sold them at cost to town residents. Last year, all but one of the houses on the towns Main Street used a battery
23、-operated candle, De Young says. The town plans to be flame-free for Halloween again this year. Check the Candy Parents already know that they need to examine the treats their children bring home, paying close attention to toys or candies that have small parts which could present a choking hazard to
24、 young children. Hard, round candies are a risk for children under 8, Cowles says. Parents of children with food allergies should also be especially vigilant, she adds. On Halloween children may come in contact with foods that they dont normally get. Read the Instructions Many agencies devoted to pr
25、oduct safety and injury prevention put out warnings to parents that too often go ignored. “ We really recommend that while a lot may seem like common sense that the agency puts out, to really heed the warnings,“ says the Consumer Product Safety Commissions Vallese. 1 According to the Insurance Insti
26、tute for Highway Safety, which accident happened most easily on Halloween evening? （ A） Burns. （ B） Choking. （ C） Falls. （ D） Pedestrian crash deaths. 2 According to Alan Korn, part of the reason of the increasing possibility of pedestrian motor-vehicle accidents is that_. （ A） people are too crazy
27、to notice the potential danger （ B） Halloween is a horrible festival （ C） the activity of trick-or-treating hits the rush hour （ D） the children ignore all the traffic rules 3 For parents, whats the key to keeping the kids safe on the streets at night according to Cowles? （ A） Supervision. （ B） Pred
28、ictability. （ C） Visibility. （ D） Carefulness. 4 Why does Cowles say that the actual risk of burns on Halloween may be underestimated? （ A） The statistics dont include burn kids who are not sent to hospital right that day. （ B） The statistics arent given by authoritative institution. （ C） The statis
29、tics only include seriouly-burn kids. （ D） The statistics dont include death resulting from burns. 5 Carys tragedy gives parents a warning that_on Halloween. （ A） they shouldnt permit children to imitate movie characters （ B） they shouldnt take children out trick-or-treating （ C） they should dress t
30、heir kids in clothes made of flame-resistant materials （ D） they should place lighted candles inside jack-o-lanterns not outside 6 Which of the following materials is unsuitable for Halloween domes? （ A） Polyester. （ B） Nylon. （ C） Cotton. （ D） Synthetic fabric. 7 Experts suggest people not dress co
31、stumes with hoods or masks because they could （ A） block sight （ B） easily fall （ C） easily melt （ D） trap people in fire 8 Most experts suggest that some_of the open flame such as glow sticks are good ways to prevent flame-related tragedies. 9 Newtown municipal government advocates a Halloween with
32、out_. 10 When it comes to childrens Halloween candy, the probable safety risk is_. 10 Small Steps for Big Results For the past 30 years, my colleagues and I at the nonprofit Preventive Medicine Research Institute and the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco(UCSF), have c
33、onducted research showing how powerful changes in diet and lifestyle can be. In our studies, weve used the latest high technical measures to prove how powerful these very simple, low-tech and low-cost interventions can be. People often think an intervention has to be a new drug, a new laser or somet
34、hing really high-tech and expensive in order to be powerful. They often have a hard time believing that the simple choices that we make in our lives every day what we eat, how we respond to stress, whether or not we smoke, how much we exercise and the quality of our relationships can make such a pow
35、erful difference in our health, our well-being and even our survival. But they often do. It showed that comprehensive lifestyle changes may reverse the progression of coronary heart disease, prostate cancer, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and other chronic conditions. We found that instead of getti
36、ng worse and worse, most people got better and better, and much more quickly than had once been thought possible. Along the way, we identified what really works to motivate people to make and maintain long-term changes in diet and lifestyle. What have we learned from this research and clinical resea
37、rch?1. You have a wide spectrum of nutrition and lifestyle choices. Its not all or nothing. To the degree you move in a healthful direction on this spectrum. Youre likely to feel better, look better, lose weight and gain health. People have different needs, goals and preferences. The medicine of the
38、 future is personalized medicine. What matters most is your overall way of eating and living. If you indulge yourself one day, you can eat more healthfully the next. If youre a couch potato one day, exercise a little more the next. If you dont have time to meditate for 20 minutes, do it for one minu
39、te the consistency is more important than the duration. Then, youre less likely to feel restricted. Studies have shown that those who eat the healthiest overall are the ones who allow themselves some indulgences. If youre trying to reverse heart disease or prevent the recurrence of cancer(the “pound
40、 of cure“), then you probably need to make much bigger changes in diet and lifestyle than someone who just wants to lose a few pounds and is otherwise healthy(the “ounce of prevention“). If you want to lower your cholesterol(胆固醇 )or blood pressure, you can begin by making moderate changes in diet an
41、d lifestyle. If thats enough to achieve your goals, great; if not, then consider making bigger changes. For example, most people in this country have elevated cholesterol levels. They are initially advised to follow a diet based on the American Heart Association and National Cholesterol Education Pr
42、ogram guidelines. For some, thats sufficient to lower their cholesterol levels enough, but not for most people. Many are then told, “Sorry, it looks like diet didnt work for you. “ And they are prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs, which they are told they will need to take for the rest of their li
43、ves. In reality, most people can make progressively bigger changes in nutrition and lifestyle to achieve their goals often without medications.2. Even more than feeling healthy, most people want to feel free and in control. The food police are counterproductive. If I tell people, “Eat mis and dont e
44、at that,“ or “Dont smoke,“ they immediately want to do the opposite. Its just human nature, and it goes back to the first dietary intervention that failed “Dont eat the apple“ and that was God talking, so were not likely to do better than that. If you go on a diet and feel constrained, youre likely
45、to go off it sooner or later. Offering a spectrum of choices is much more effective; then, you feel free. If you see your food choices each day as part of a spectrum, a way of living, then you are more likely to feel empowered.3. Eating bad food does not make you a bad person. The language of behavi
46、oral modification often has a moralistic quality that turns off a lot of people(like “ cheating“ on a diet). Its a small step from thinking of foods as “good“ or “bad“ to seeing yourself as a “good person“ or a “bad person“ if you eat these. The term “patient compliance“ has a fascist, creepy qualit
47、y to it, sounding like one person bending his or her will to another. Food is just food.4. How you eat is as important as what you eat. If I eat mindlessly while watching television, reading or talking with someone else, I can go through an entire meal without tasting the food. The plate is empty, b
48、ut I didnt enjoy it; I had all of the calories and none of the pleasure. Instead, if I eat mindfully, paying attention to what Im eating, smaller portions of food can be exquisitely satisfying. I can meditate on a single piece of dark chocolate. Also, when you pay attention to what youre eating, you
49、 notice how different foods affect you, for better and for worse. More healthful foods make you feel good light, clear, energetic. Less healthful foods make you feel bad heavy, dull, sluggish. Then, it comes out of your own experience.5. Joy of living is a much better motivator than fear of dying. Trying to scare people into changing doesnt work very well. Telling someone that theyre likely to have a heart attack if they eat cheeseburgers or may get lung cancer if they dont quit sm
