1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 0 Much has been written about poverty but none of the accou
2、nts seem to get at the root of the problem. It must be noted that the debilitating effects of poverty are not only the result of lack of money but are also the result of powerlessness. The poor are subject to their social situation instead of being able to affect it through action, which is, through
3、 behavior that flows from an individuals decisions and plans. In other words, when social scientists have reported on the psychological consequences of poverty, it seems reasonable to believe that they have described the psychological consequences of powerlessness. The solution to poverty most frequ
4、ently suggested is to help the poor secure more money without otherwise changing the present power relationships; this appears to implement the i-dea of equality while avoiding any unnecessary threat to the established centers of power. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessn
5、ess, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a large supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures
6、, to be ineffective in a wealthy society. In order to reduce poverty-related psychological and social problems in the United States, the major community will have to change its relationship to neighborhoods of poverty in such a fashion that families in the neighborhoods have a greater interest in th
7、e broader society and can more successfully participate in the decision-making process of the surrounding community. Social action to help the poor should have the following characteristics: the poor should see themselves as the source of the action; the action should affect in major ways the precon
8、ceptions of institutions and persons who define the poor; the action should demand much in effect or skill; the action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor. The only in
9、itial resource that a community should provide to neighborhoods of poverty should be on a temporary basis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful, independent, democratic organizations of the poor. Through such organizations, the poor will then n
10、egotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportunities without having to submit to concurrent control from outside. 1 What is the root of poverty according to the passage? 2 According to the passage, the way to_is likely to be ineffective to poverty in a wealthy society without other measures.
11、3 _are the main roles in the process of eliminating poverty. 4 The author suggests that the primary role of the major community in helping the neighborhoods of poverty is not to provide_ assistance from outside. 5 To help the poor neighborhoods to_may be a good way to strengthen their individual pow
12、er to fight poverty. 5 Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always criticized. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a gift for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. “Its unfair,“ they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry
13、should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays. “ The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt cre
14、ate mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising mat consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about househ
15、old goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read a
16、dvertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bye-laws(条例 )while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of
17、news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a newspaper full of the daily ration of disasters. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive w
18、ithout this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustnt forget is the “small ads. “ wh
19、ich are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death. No other item in a newspape
20、r provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. 6 Some people think advertising industry as a_industry shouldnt absorb so much money. 7 The author thinks the cheapness of consumer goods benefits from_. 8 Besides selling goods, another important function of adver
21、tisements is_. 9 We do not have to pay much for our daily paper because advertising, as an indispensable source of the media income, share the_. 10 Through the advertisements that carry various messages of our life, we can get a profound understanding of_. 10 A recent case in Australia shows how eas
22、ily fear can frustrate an informers good intentions. In December, a woman wrote anonymously to the countrys antitrust watchdog, the ACCC, alleging that her employer was conspiring with others in violation of the Trade Practices Act. Her evidence was sufficient to suggest to the ACCC that fines of $
23、10m could be imposed on “a large company“. But the agency needed more details. So just before Christmas it advertised extensively to try and persuade the woman to come forward again. Some days later her husband rang the ACCC, but he hung up before disclosing vital information. In America, there is s
24、ome evidence that the events of September 11th have made people more public-spirited and more inclined to blow the whistle. The Government Accountability Project, a Washington-based group, received 27 reproaches from potential informers in the three months before September 11th, and 66 in the three
25、months after. Many of these complaints were about security issues. They included a Federal Aviation Administration employee who claimed that the agency had repeatedly failed to respond to known cases of security violations at airports. Legislation to give greater protection to people who expose corp
26、orate or government misbehavior externally(after having received no satisfaction internally)is being introduced in a number of countries. In America, it focuses on informers among federal employees. According to Billy Garde, a lawyer, they “have fewer rights than prisoners“. A bill introduced last y
27、ear by Senator Daniel Akaka to improve protection for them is currently stuck in congressional committees. In Britain, the Public Interest Disclosure Act came fully into force last year. Described by one American as “the most far-reaching informer protection in the world“, it treats informers as wit
28、nesses acting in the public interest. This separates them from people who are merely pursuing a personal complaint. But even in Britain, the protection is limited. Rupert Walker, a fund manager, was fired by Govett Investments in September 2001 for expressing concerns in the Financial Times about a
29、group of people of investment trusts that invest in each other. 11 The couple does not come out to disclose the vital information wanted by ACCC, because there is something they _. 12 Americans response after September 11th shows that Americans are more_. 13 The potential informers complaints before
30、 11 were mostly about_. 14 What is the present condition of Senator Daniel Akakas bill to improve protection? 15 The case of Rupert Walker getting fired indicates that_. 15 It is not surprising that a philosophy borrowed from business should see its principal focus within education as the furthering
31、 of the connection with business and industry. Moreover, when a philosophy is implemented at governmental level by people, the majority who learnt their understanding of life within this environment, it is not surprising that they should picture education as feeding this goal. In an age when the US
32、is seen as being in desperate, almost cut-throat competition with industrial neighbors, it becomes an article of faith that to maintain present standards of living, education must increasingly focus upon training the youth of the country to compete in such markets. This demand is, of course, nothing
33、 new. A number of factors come together to provide the motive force for making education the handmaiden(辅助 )of the job market. For those with economic blinkers(有色眼镜 ), such concentration makes good sense, but for those who take a wider view of the purposes of education, this appears narrow and damag
34、ing, even, in the long term, to the economic good health of the country. It is possible to argue for the ultimate purposes of education from different standpoints. The one that appears to be the motive force in much educational decision-making at the present time values knowledge that is conducive t
35、o the furtherance of the national economic well-being. It sees the child as a being to be trained to fit into this economic machine. Initiative and activity are encouraged only as far as these dovetail(吻合 )with ultimate occupational destinations. The teacher, therefore, is seen as a trainer, a const
36、ructor , a transmitter. However, there are many who value knowledge which is perceived as part of that countrys cultural heritage while other child-centered advocates see the curriculum as based on each individual childs experiences and interests, each being active, involved, unique constructors of
37、their own reality. Others see schools as being essentially concerned with pressing social issues which need to be resolved, and therefore the curriculum takes the form of being topic or problem-based. Such sketches do not begin to do justice to the complexity and richness of argument, which may be c
38、ontained in differing educational ideologies. However, if they at the very least convey the profound conflicting views, these descriptions suggest that there is truth in each of them, but none must have the stage to itself. 16 According to the passage, it is common that those from the business world
39、 think _should serve for business needs. 17 The core concern of education is believed to relate to whether _ can be maintained. 18 From a wider view of the purpose of education, that education should serve job market is_to the economic well-being in the long run. 19 To those child-centered advocates
40、, who should be unique constructors of a childs reality? 20 By saying “none must have the stage to itself“ in the last paragraph, the author suggests that none particular educational philosophy must be_. 20 This is a particular moment in the history of digital networks, one when powerful corporate a
41、ctors(参与者 )and high-performance networks are strengthening the role of private electronic space and altering the structure of public electronic space. Electronic space has emerged not simply as a means for communicating, but as a major new theatre for capital accumulation and the operations of globa
42、l actors. Our thinking about electronic space and network power, however, has been shaped by the properties of the Internet. The Internet is a space of distributed power that limits the possibilities of authoritarian and monopoly control. It is by now well-known that the particular features of the I
43、nternet are in part a function of the early computer hacker culture which designed software that strengthened the original design of the Nets openness and decentralization and which sought to make it universally available at no cost. But it is becoming evident since the mid-1990s that it is also a s
44、pace for contestation and segmentation. Now that business has discovered the Net, we are seeing attempts to commercialize it through the development of software that can capitalize on the Nets features and through the extension of copyrights, in other words, the opposite of the early hacker culture.
45、 Further, it has become important to distinguish the Internet, or public space, and private electronic space. When it comes to the broader subject of network power, most computer networks are private. It might be worth repeating that even if we just consider Internet Protocol compatible networks and
46、 we take the figures for the period preceding the explosion of business interest in the Net, also then most networks were private: just counting networks as opposed to traffic volume, in 1994 there were about 40, 000 IP compatible networks, but the Internet itself accounted for about 12, 000 of thes
47、e. Since then both figures have jumped enormously. The main point here is that a lot of network power may not necessarily have the attributes of the Internet. Indeed, much of this is concentrated power and reproduces hierarchy rather than distributed power. The financial markets, operating largely t
48、hrough private electronic networks, are a good instance of an alternative form of electronic network power. The three properties of electronic networks speed, simultaneity and interconnectivity have produced strikingly different outcomes in this case from those of the Internet. 21 _ provide a platfo
49、rm for capital accumulation and the operations of global actors. 22 The features of openness and decentralization of the Net is strengthened by software designed by_. 23 Whats the result of businesss discovering the Net? 24 Most computer networks are_, which is very different from the Internet. 25 It is the properties of the electronic networks_that make the financial markets choose private electronic networks to operate largely through. 大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 8答案与解析 Section A
