1、大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 223及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 中华老字号 (China centuries-old time-honored brands)是指那些历史悠久并拥有良好信誉的中国企业。这些企业往往具有鲜明的中华民族传统文化特征,拥有高品质的产品、技艺或服务,取得广泛的社会认同。 同仁堂(Tongrentang)和 全聚德 (Quanjude)均属北京的老字号。同仁堂创建于1669年,其药品以优良的 传统工艺和显著的疗效享誉海内外。以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于 1864年,是中国著名的饭店。 2 五行学说 (the theory of f
2、ive elements)是中国古代的一种物质观。五行包括金、木、水、火和土五种要素。五行学说强调整体概念,描绘了事物的结构关系和运动形式。五行学说认为宇宙万物都是基于这五种要素的运行和变化。这五个要素相互作用,不但影响到人的命运,同时也使宇宙万物循环不已。五行学说成熟于汉代 (the Han Dynasty),之后广泛应用于中医、建筑 和 武术 (martial arts)等领域。 3 中国的教育体制分为三个阶段:基础教育、高等教育和成人教育。基础教育包括 学前教育 (pre-schooleducation)、小学和中学。高等教育由职业专科学校、学院和大学组成。 1986年,中国开始实行从小
3、学到初中的 九年制义务教育(nine-year compulsory education)政策。中国政府把教育放在优先发展的战略地位,提出了 “科教兴国 ”的战略方针。在政府和人民的共同努力下,中国的教育取得了历史 性的成就。 4 四大发明 (the Four Great Inventions)是指中国古代对世界有巨大影响的四种发明。即造纸术、印刷术、 火药 (gunpowder)和指南针。造纸术和印刷术使信息的记录和传播有了革命性的进步。火药的发明和传播改变了 中世纪(the Middle Ages)的战争模式。而指南针大大帮助了欧洲航海家探索新航路。四大发明是古代中国先进科学和技术的象征,
4、在中国和世界文明发展中都有着重要的意义。 5 武则天,中国历史上唯一的 一位女皇帝,于 唐朝 (the Tang Dynasty)690年称帝。虽然她很残暴,但是她对国家的统治还是比较成功的。她任人唯贤,完全不考虑其家庭地位。通过奖励积极发展农业的官员,惩罚对农民课征重税的官员,武则天极大地促进了农业的发展。中国的 佛教 (Buddhism)在她统治期间也发展到了顶峰。宋庆龄评价她为 “封建时代 (feudal period)杰出的女政治家 ”。 大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 223答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 China time-hono
5、red brands refer to the Chinese companies which have a long history as well as a good reputation. With distinct characteristics of traditional Chinese culture, they get extensive public recognition by offering good-quality products, techniques or services. Both Tongrentang and Quanjude are the time-
6、honored brands in Beijing. Tongrentang was founded in 1669, and its medical products have enjoyed a good reputation both at home and abroad for excellent traditional manufacturing techniques and good effects. Founded in 1864 and well-known for its Beijing roast ducks, Quanjude is a famous restaurant
7、 in China. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的定语 “历史悠久并拥有良好信誉的 ”较长,故将其处理成定语从句 which have a long historyas well as a good reputation,也可用介词短语 with a long history and a good reputation来表达。 2第 2句 “这些企业往往具有 ,拥有 ,取得 ” 有 3个动词,仔细分析可发现,第 1个动词短语表状态,第 2个为方式,第 3个为结果,故翻译时将第 3个分句处理成主干,第 1个为伴随状语,第 2个为方式状语,这样既可 以使句子各成分之间的逻辑关系更清晰,也更符合英文
8、的表达习惯。 3倒数第 2句 “同仁堂创建于 1669年,其药品 ” 可用并列结构译出:Tongrentang was founded in 1669, and its medical products 。 “以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效 ”用介词短语 for excellent traditionalmanufacturing techniques and good effects来表达。 4在最后一句中,将 “是中国著名的饭店 ”处理成主干: Quanjude is a famous restaurant in China。将 “以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于 1864年 ”处理成两个并列的
9、状语, “创建于 1864年的 ”和 “以北京烤鸭闻名的 ”,按照时间逻辑关系,用分词短语译出 Founded in 1864 and well-known for its Beijing roast ducks。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 The theory of five elements is a concept of matter in ancient China. The five elements include metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. The theory of five elements emphasizes o
10、n an overall concept, describing the structural relationships and forms of movement of matters. The theory holds that everything in the universe is based on the movement and change of these five elements. These five elements interact with each other, affecting a persons fate as well as making the un
11、iverse move in endless cycles. The theory got mature in the Han Dynasty and was widely employed in the fields like traditional Chinese medicine, architecture, and martial arts. 【试题解析】 1第 2句五行中的 “金 ”指 “金属 ”,而非 “黄金 ”,故第 2句中应译为 metal,而非 gold。 2第 3句中的第 2个分句 “描绘了事物的结构关系和运动形式 ”可处理为状语,表伴随状态,用分词短语 describin
12、g the structural relationships and forms of movement of matters来表达。 3第 4句中的 “五行学说认为 ”可译为 the theory holds that ,亦可译为according to the theory,承前句, “五 行学说 ”可简单转换表达为 “该学说 ”(the theory)。 “宇宙万物 ”可译为 the universe,强调整体,也可表达为 everything in the universe。 4第 5句有三个分句,可把 “这五个要素相互作用 ”处理成主干, “不但影响到 ,同时也使宇宙万物 ” 处理为
13、结果状语,用分词短语来表达, “不但 同时也 ”可用结构 bothand 或 as well as 来表达,故整句译为 These five elements interact with each other,affecting as well as making 。 5最后一句 “五行学说成熟于汉代,之后广泛应用于 ” 可用并列结构译出:The theory got mature in theHan Dynasty and was widely employed 。翻译宾语“中医、建筑和武术等领域 ”时,先译出中心词 fields,再用 like或者 such as来引出例子。 【知识模块】
14、 汉译英 3 【正确答案】 The Chinese educational system is divided into three stages: basic education, higher education and adult education. Basic education is comprised of pre-school education, primary school and secondary school. Higher education consists of vocational schools, colleges and universities. In
15、1986, China began to implement the policy of nine-year compulsory education from primary school to junior high school. The Chinese government has placed strategic priority on developing education, advancing the strategy of developing the nation by relying on the science and education. With the joint
16、 efforts of both the government and the people, historic achievements have been made in Chinese education. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “分为三个阶段 ”实表被动的意义,故译为 be divided into 。 2第 4句中的定语 “从小学到初中的 ”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用介词短语from primary school tojunior high school来表达。 3第 5句中的两个分句均比较长,可考虑用并列结构译出: The Chinese government has
17、placed strategicpriority onand advanced the strategy 。但不如将后半句 “提出了 的战略方针 ”处理成表伴随的状语,译作 advancing the strategy ,使句子逻辑关系更为清晰。 “提出 ”可译作 put forward或 advance。 4最后一句中的 “在政府和人民的共同努力下 ”可用介词短语 with the joint efforts of both thegovernment and the people来表达。翻译 “中国的教育取得了历史性的成就 ”时,为了符合英语表达习惯,宜转化原宾语 “历史性的成就 ”为主语
18、,原主语“中国的教育 ”处理为状语,全句用被动语态译出,表达为 historic achievements have been made in Chinese education。 【知识模块】 汉译英 4 【正确答案】 The Four Great Inventions refer to the four inventions in ancient China that had great influences on the world. They are papermaking, printing, gunpowder and compass. Papermaking and printi
19、ng lead to revolutionary progress in recording and transmitting information. The invention and spread of gunpowder changed the mode of war in the Middle Ages. And the compass greatly helped the European navigators to explore new routes. The Four Great Inventions are symbols of advanced science and t
20、echnology in ancient China and of great significance in the development of Chinese and the worlds civilizations. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的定语 “对世界有巨大影响的 ”较长,故将其处理成定语从句,表达为 that had great influenceson the world。 “中国古代 ”(in ancient China)置于中心词 “四种发明 ”之后。 2第 2句中的 “即 ”实为 “它们是 ”,译为 they are。 3第 5句中的 “大大地帮助了 ” 可用短语 g
21、reatly helpto ,也可用短语 be of great help to 来表达。 “探索新航路 ”表目的,故将其译作状语,用不定式短语to explore new routes来表达。 4最后一句 “四大发明是 的象征,在 中都有着 的意义 ”可用并列结构译出: the Four GreatInventions are symbols of and of great significance 。“有着 意义 ”用短语 be of表达,此处承前省略 are。 “古代中国先进科学和技术的 ”译为 advanced science and technology in ancient Chi
22、na。 “在中国和世界文明发展中 ”表达为 in the development of Chinese and the worlds civilizations。 【知识模块】 汉译英 5 【正确答案】 Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history, declared herself emperor in 690, the Tang Dynasty. Although she was very cruel, her rule over the country proved to be quite successful. It is
23、talents that she appointed officials, regardless of their family status. She greatly improved agriculture by rewarding the officials who actively developed agriculture and punishing those imposing heavy tax on peasants. Chinese Buddhism also peaked during her reign. Song Qingling regarded her as an
24、outstanding female politician in the feudal period. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “中国历史上唯一的一位女皇帝 ”可按原文结构译成the only female emperor in Chinesehistory,用逗号隔开,作 “武则天 ”的同位语。“于唐朝 690年 ”作时间状语,置于句末。按照英文表达习惯,小的时间放在大的时间点之前,故表达为 in 690, the Tang Dynasty。 2第 3句中的 “她任人唯贤 ”可套用表强调的句型 it isthat 来表达,译作 It is talents that she 。 “完全不
25、考虑其家庭地位 ”可译为并列结构 and didnt consider their family status at all,但这样处理稍显生硬,可用作状语的介词短语来表达,译为 without considering their family status或 regardless of theirfamily status。 3翻译第 4句 “通过奖励 ,惩罚 ,武则天极大地促进了农业的发展 ”时,先译出主干 (She greatly improved agriculture), “促进 的发展 ”是中文固定表达,英译时省译 “发展 ”(development),直接译为 improved
26、即可。 “通过奖励 ,惩罚 ” 表方式,故将其处理成方式状语,用介词短语 by rewarding the officialsand punishing those 来表达。定语 “积极发展农业的 ”较长,可将其处理为定语从句 whoactively developed agriculture,或用分词短语 actively developing agriculture来表达。 4第 5句中的 “ 发展到了顶峰 ”可用动词 peak来表达,也可译为 get to the peak highest point等。时间状语 “在她统治期间 ”表达为 during her reign,置于句末。 【知识模块】 汉译英