1、大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 313及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 中国人一直以自己是龙的 传人 (descendent)为豪。这种情感在中国文化和社会的各个方面都有所体现。从远古时代起,龙就被看作是具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的动物。古代的皇帝被看作是 “真龙天子 ”,象征着尊严和权力。在民间流传着许多关于龙的传说和故事。还有各种与龙相关的民俗活动,其中最受欢迎的就是 赛龙舟 (Dragon Boat Race)。 2 黄河全长约 5000公里,是中国第二长河,仅次于 长江 (the Yangtze River)。黄河发源于青海省,流经中国青海、四川、甘
2、肃、宁夏、陕西等 9个省区,最后流入渤海。由于夹带了大量的 泥沙 (silt),黄河的河水呈黄色。在中国历史上,黄河流域给中华文明带来了巨大的影响,也是中华民族最主要的发源地。因此黄河被称为 “中华文明的 摇篮 (cradle)”和中国的 “母亲河 ”。 3 景德镇,原名昌南,位于江西省境内。景德镇历史悠久,是中国历史上的四大名镇之一。景德镇 因其 瓷器 (chinaware)的生产而闻名,据记载,其瓷器生产可以追溯到 汉代 (the Han Dynasty)。在 明代 (the MingDynasty),大量景德镇瓷器销往国外,极大地推动了景德镇陶瓷的对外贸易,扩大了中国陶瓷的影响。由于制瓷
3、历史久远、瓷器产品质地精良、对外销量大,景德镇获得了“瓷都 ”(capital of chinaware)的称号。 4 据说 茉莉花 (Jasmine Flower)是流传到海外的第一首中国 民歌。许多国外学者在研究中国音乐史时都提到了茉莉花,不少外国人学唱中文歌时首选这首歌。 2004年 雅典奥运会 (Athens Olympics)闭幕式上,一位中国小姑娘唱起茉莉花,给所有观众留下了深刻的印象。 2008年北京奥运会,茉莉花被选为 颁奖典礼 (awarding ceremony)的音乐。这首歌带给我们美好艺术享受的同时也带给我们骄傲。 5 算盘 (abacus)是中国古代的一项伟大发明。在
4、古代,人们用小木棍进行计算。随着社会的发展,需要计算 的数目越来越大,用小木棍已无法完成计算。于是,人们发明了更为高级的计算工具 算盘。由于算盘操作方便、简单易学,因此在中国被广泛使用。在算盘的基础上,有人发展了 珠心算 (mental abacus),即把算盘的形象描绘在脑海中来计算数字。 大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 313答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 Chinese people have been proud of being the descendents of the dragon. This emotion is reflect
5、ed in every aspect of Chinese culture and society. From primitive times, the dragon has been regarded as a creature with the power to protect and influence peoples lives. The emperors in ancient times were regarded as the real dragon from the heaven, a symbol of dignity and power. Many legends and s
6、tories about dragon are spread among the people. There are also various folk activities related to dragon, among which the most welcomed one is Dragon Boat Race. 【试题解析】 1第 3句 中的定语 “具有庇佑能力并能影响人们生活的 ”较长,可将其处理成后置定语,用介词短语 with来表达; “具有 能力并能 ”可合译成 a power toand ; “动物 ”译为 creature(生物、创造物 )比 animal更确切,因为 “龙
7、 ”并不是真正存在。 2第 4句中 “象征着尊严和权利 ”是对 “真龙天子 ”的补充说明,可将其处理成同位语,译为 a symbol of dignity and power。 3倒数第 2句为无主语句,省略了主语 “人们 ”,该主语不需要被强调说明,故此句可译为被动句式,即 Many legends and stories are spread。 “关于龙的 ”可处理成后置定语,用介词短语 about dragon表达。 “在民间 ”为状语,可译作 among the people,置于句末。 4最后一句中的 “其中 ”一词表示赛龙舟属于前面提到的 folk activities,故 “其中
8、 赛龙舟 ”可处理成非限制性定语从句,用 among which来引导,译为 among which the most welcomed one is 。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 The Yellow River is about 5,000 kilometers long. It is the second longest river in China, only second to the Yangtze River. With its origin in Qinghai Province, the Yellow River flows through nine provi
9、nces of China such as Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi, and finally pours itself into the Bohai Sea. Because it carries a lot of silt, the water of the River is in yellow. In Chinese history, the Yellow River basin influences Chinese civilization significantly and is also the major birth
10、place of Chinese nation. Therefore, the Yellow River is called “the Cradle of Chinese Civilization“ and “Mother River“ of China. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “全长 公里 ”可表达为 iskilometers long ,也可表达为 has a length of kilometers。 “第二长河 ”,在数量、规模等方面要表达 “第几长 ”、 “第几大 ”时应该是序数词加上形容词的最高级,故这里译为 the second longest river。 “仅次于 ”
11、可以表达为 only second to或 second to,如 “他举世无双 ”,译为 He is second to none。 2翻译第 2句 “黄河发源于 ,流经 ,最后流入 ” 时, 可沿用原文的结构,译作 The Yellow River has its origin in , flows through , and finally pours itself into ,但此种译法稍显生硬、平淡。可将 “黄河发源于 ” 处理为状语,用介词短语 With its origin in 表达,使译文主次分明。 “青海、四川、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等 9个省区 ”翻译时可以先译中心词 “9个省
12、区 ”,具体的省区名称可以用such as引出,作为进一步说明。 “流经 ”、 “流入渤海 ”,这里的 “流 ”可译为 flow,但为了避免用 词重复、译文表达丰富, “流入渤海 ”可更换表达为 enter the sea,reach the sea或 pours itself into the sea。 3第 3句中的原因状语 “由于夹带了大量的泥沙 ”表达为 because it carries a lot of silt。 “呈黄色 ”表达为 in yellow或 in the color of yellow,介词 in表示 “处于某种状态 ”。 4第 4句中的 “黄河流域给中华文明带来
13、 ” 可直译为 the Yellow River basin brings significant influence to ,但这样处理不如将名词短语 “巨大的影响 ”转译为动词短语来得简单明了,表达为 the Yellow River basin influencessignificantly 。 【知识模块】 汉译英 3 【正确答案】 Jingdezhen, formerly named Changnan, is located in Jiangxi Province. With a long history, Jingdezhen is one of the four famous t
14、owns in Chinese history. Jingdezhen is famous for its production of chinaware. It is recorded that Jingdezhens production of chinaware can date back to the Han Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, lots of Jingdezhens chinaware was exported to foreign countries, greatly promoting the foreign trade of chinaw
15、are in Jingdezhen and extending the influence of Chinese chinaware. Jingdezhen has earned the title of “capital of chinaware“, thanks to its long history of chinaware production, the excellent quality and large amount of export of its chinaware. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中将 “原名昌南 ”处理为插入语,用分词短语 formerly named Chan
16、gnan来表达,也可处理为 whose引导的非限制性定语从句,译作whose former name was Changnan。 2第 2句中的 “景德镇历史悠久,是中国 ” ,将 “历史悠久 ”处理为 “with+名词短语 ”作状语,将后半句作主句,译作 With a long history, Jingdezhen is ,表达简 洁紧凑。 3第 4句 “在明代,大量景德镇瓷器销往国外,极大地推动了 ,扩大了 ”较长,注意分析各个分句之间的关系: “在明代 ”为时间状语置于句首, “大量景德镇瓷器销往国外 ”为原因,作主句, “极大地推动了 ,扩大了 ” 为结果,将其处理为结果状语,用现在
17、分词短语来表达,整句译作 In the Ming Dynasty, lots of Jingdezhens chinaware was exported to foreign countries, greatly promotingand extending 。 4翻译最后一句 “由于制瓷历史久远、瓷器产品质地精良、对外销量大,景德镇获得了 瓷都 的称号 ”时,如果逐字对译为 because of its long history of chinaware productionJingdezhen has earned the title of ,则会由于原因状语过长而使句子显得头重脚轻。宜将
18、原因状语后置。此处的 “由于 ”为褒义,用 thanks to表达更确切,故译为 Jingdezhen has earned the title of , thanks to 。 【知识模块】 汉译英 4 【正确答案】 Jasmine Flower is said to be the first Chinese folk song introduced to foreign countries. A lot of scholars abroad have mentioned Jasmine Flower when they study the history of Chinese music.
19、 It is the first choice for many foreigners who would like to learn to sing Chinese songs. In the closing ceremony of the 2004 Athens Olympics, a Chinese girl sang this song, which greatly impressed all the audiences. In 2008 Beijing Olympics, it was chosen as the music played in awarding ceremonies
20、. This song brings us both great artistic enjoyment and pride. 【试题解析】 1第 1句 “据说茉莉花是 第一首中国民歌 ”可译为 It is said that Jasmine Flower is the first ,但不如译文说的 Jasmine Flower is said to be the first 来得简单。定语 “流传到海外的 ”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用表被动的过去分词短语 introduced to foreign countries来表达。 2第 2句中的 “在研究中国音乐史时 ”为时间状语,处理成从句,
21、英译时需增译出从句主语 they,表达为 when they study the history of Chinese music,置于主句之后。 “不少外国人学唱中文歌时首选这首歌 ”可逐字对译为 many foreigners who would like to learn to sing Chinese songs would first choose this song,但译文繁冗拗口。根据 “汉语多用动词,英语多用名 词 ”的表达差异,考虑将 “首选这首歌 ”译为 the first choice,用结构 it is the first choice for sb译出。 3第 3句中
22、的 “给所有观众留下了深刻的印象 ”可用并列结构 and greatly impressed ,但不如将其处理成非限制性定语从句好,译作 which greatly impressed all the audiences更能体现原文的逻辑关系。 4最后一句 “这首歌带给我们 的同时也 ” 可套用句型 sth brings sb bothand ,故译为 This song brings us both great artistic enjoyment and pride。 【知识模块】 汉译英 5 【正确答案】 The abacus is a great invention in ancien
23、t China. In the old times, people used small rods to count. With the social development, numbers needed to calculate were increasingly greater, which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task. Thus, people invented a more advanced calculating devicethe abacus. Since it was convenient to us
24、e and easy to learn, the abacus was widely used in China. On the basis of the abacus, there came the mental abacus with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures. 【试题解析】 1第 3句由 3个短句构成,第 1个短句为状语,可译成介词短语With the social development或连词 as引出的从句 As the society developed;第 2个短句可处理为主句,当中的定语 “需
25、要计算的 ”可译为分词短语 needed to calculate,作后置定语;第 3个 短句则处理成用 which引导的非限制性定语从句,套用 make it impossible for sb sth to do sth的结构,译成 which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task,为了避免重复,把 “完成计算 ”转译成了“完成任务 ”。 2第 4句中破折号后的内容 “算盘 ”是前面 “更为高级的计算工具 ”的同位语,译文处也可用破折号引出。 3第 5句中的 “由于算盘操作方便、简单易学 ”可套用英语常用句式 it is+a
26、.+to do sth ,译为 Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn。虽然中文出现了 “由于 因此 ” ,但译为英语时不能同时出现 “Sinceso” 。 4最后一句中的 “有人发展了珠心算 ”如果逐字对译为 someone has developed则显晦涩,且主语 “有人 ”无需强调,故转换主语为 “珠心算 ”,用there came句型,表存现状态。 “即把算盘的形象 ” 是对 “珠心算 ”的补充说明,可用介词短语 with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures来表达。 【知识模块】 汉译英