1、大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 筷子是广泛适用于东亚各国的传统餐具。筷子的历史起源于中国古代，最早可以追溯到商代。筷子通常由竹子、塑料、木材或不锈钢制成。第一双筷子可能用于烹饪，拨火而不是作为饮食器具。直到汉代，筷子才开始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才开始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃饭。然后它们被取名 “筷子 ”，并拥有了今天的形状。 2 在中国，小孩子的抓周（ one-year-old catch）仪式独具风格，在孩子的成长过程中， 这个仪式具有里程碑式的重要意义。抓周仪式在小孩满一周岁的时候举行，最早记载于北齐。小孩子满周岁的那
2、天，在吃中午的长寿面之前，家里的长辈们会将书、笔、钱币、首饰、玩具和食物等摆出来，由大人将小孩抱过来，令其端坐，大人们不给予任何的引导或暗示，任孩子任意挑选，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将要从事的职业以及发展，也寄寓了长辈们对孩子的美好期待。 3 中国科举制度（ Chinese Imperial Examination System）是指中国古代官僚机构选拔行政官员的考试制度。古代的中国人要想成为 一位官员首先必须通过多种考试。科举考试的历史可以追溯到隋朝，在唐朝得到进一步巩固和完善，在清朝走到了尽头。科举制度在中国已经存在了约 1300年。它对中国古代的社会结构和政治体制有深刻的影
3、响。即使是现代选拔公务员的考试制度也是间接地从科举制度演变而来的。 4 公元 960年，宋朝建立，后统一了中国大部分地区。宋朝的统治者建立了有效的中央集权制；广泛任用民间的学术文人；地方的军事官员及其党羽都被中央任命的官员所替代。宋朝在城市发展方面是非常显著的，这不单指其在管理上的职能，而且还包括其作为贸易、工业和海 上贸易的中心的职能。在文化上，宋朝发展了历史文献、绘画、书法及坚硬光滑的瓷器等。 5 中华民族是龙的传人，而实际上根本没有龙这种动物存在，它只是人们臆想出来的一种动物象征 ，结合了许多种其他不同动物的特征，包括：鹿、鱼、老虎、狮子、马、牛、驴、蛇、和秃鹰（ vulture）。龙被
4、人们看作是一种具有神性的动物，时常与云朵、雷电和降雨联系在一起，它可以在陆地行走，在海里游泳，在天空翱翔，化作风神和雨神。中国人不仅认为龙是一种福神（ mascot），还是权力、尊严、运气、力量和成功的化身。 大学英语四级改革 适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷 31答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 Chopsticks are used as the traditional eating utensils of various East Asian countries. Chopsticks originated in ancient China and dates
5、 back to as early as the Shang Dynasty. They are commonly made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless steel. The first chopsticks were probably used for cooking, stirring the fire and not as eating utensils. Chopsticks began to be used as eating utensils during the Han Dynasty. It was not until the M
6、ing Dynasty that chopsticks were widely used for both serving and eating. They then acquired the name kuaizi and the present shape. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 2 【正确答案】 In China, the one-year-old catch of a baby is of unique characteristic. The ceremony is of milestone-like significance in the growing process of a
7、baby. The ceremony usually celebrates when the baby is one year old. The earliest historical record about one-year-old catch appeared during the Northern Qi Dynasty. On the day when a baby is one year old, the family of the baby will lay out books, pens, coins, jewelries, toys and foods, etc. The pa
8、rents then put the baby in front of these articles and make him/her sit up. Nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by himself/herself. According to the articles the baby catches, the family try to make predications about the babys potential interests, f
9、uture career and development. The ceremony also represents that the elder place good wishes and hope on the baby. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 3 【正确答案】 Chinese Imperial Examination System refers to an examination system of selecting the administrative officials for the ancient Chinese bureaucracy. Ancient Chinese wh
10、o wanted to be an official had to pass multiple of examinations first. Its history dates back to the Sui Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, the system had been further consolidated and perfected. The system came to an end during the Qing Dynasty. The Imperial Examination System has existed for about
11、1,300 years in China. It exerts deep influence on social structure and political system in ancient China. Even the modern examination system for selecting civil service staff also indirectly evolved from the imperial one. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 4 【正确答案】 In 960, Song Dynasty was founded, and later it reunified
12、most of China. The rulers of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials. Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials. The Song Dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for ad
13、ministrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry and maritime commerce. Culturally, the Song refined historical writings, painting, calligraphy and hard-glazed porcelain, etc. 【知识模块】 段落翻译 5 【正确答案】 The Chinese people consider themselves descendents of the dragon, which is in fact a fictit
14、ious animal combining some features of the deer, fish, tiger, lion, horse, ox, donkey, snake and vulture. This divine animal is always associated with clouds, thunderbolts and rainfall. It can walk on the land, swim in the sea and fly in the air and is the deity of wind and rain. Chinese people believe it is a mascot, as well as the embodiment of power, dignity, luck, strength and success. 【知识模块】 段落翻译
