1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 120及答案与解析 Section C 0 Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago and Stanford University who studied mother-child interactions over the course of several years found that the
2、 type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life. Specifically, praise that came with feedback about their behavior and the choices that toddlers made helped them to cope better with difficult experiences five years later, compared with compliments that focuse
3、d more on the child himself, like “Youre a good boy.“ The study, which appears in the journal Child Development, is the first major study of praise and childhood development done outside of a lab setting. “This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research, and
4、its exciting to see it play out in the real world,“ says Elizabeth Gunderson, an assistant professor of psychology at Temple University, “Praising the efforts and actions of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and desire to be challenged and work hard in the future.
5、“ Such “process praise“ includes comments such as “You worked really hard“, which emphasize the childs actions. “Person praise“ includes comments like “Youre smart“, which focus on a childs inherent qualities. These distinctions arent new in the field of psychology, but exactly how they affect child
6、rens development hasnt always been clear. As part of the study, researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the ages of 1 and 3 years old, and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions. Five years later, the researchers followed up with
7、the families, measuring the childrens attitudes toward challenges and problem solving. The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge, and were able to identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. They were also more likely to say they could improve intelligenc
8、e with hard work. While person praise didnt seem to have any negative effect on the children, the study suggests that process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed, while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and not easily altered. 1 What
9、 can we learn from the first paragraph? （ A） Encouragement and praise have good effects on children. （ B） Different kinds of praise have different effects on children. （ C） Researchers have different attitudes toward childrens development. （ D） Researchers encourage more mother-child interactions. 2
10、 Whats the meaning of the second “it“(Line 2, Para. 3)? （ A） An experimental research. （ B） A lab setting. （ C） The study outside of a lab setting. （ D） The journal Child Development. 3 Which of the following belongs to “process praise“? （ A） Youre smart. （ B） We are so proud of you. （ C） Youre look
11、ing sharp! （ D） You worked very hard. 4 What can we learn from the last paragraph? （ A） Person praise has negative effects on the children. （ B） Process praise has negative effects on the children. （ C） Person praise teaches children that talents can be improved. （ D） Process praise teaches children
12、 that ability can be improved. 5 The main purpose of writing this passage is to tell us_. （ A） praise is good for child development （ B） process praise is more beneficial in the long run （ C） person praise is better than process praise （ D） praise is more beneficial than punishment 5 During the fall
13、 months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in the exercise,which will help them understand that it is not “where you go“ that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confi
14、dence the names of elite colleges they assume the celebrities attended. The “oohs“ and “aahs“ follow as the audience learns that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college, that Oprah Winfrey is an alumna(校友 )of Tennessee State and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire Coll
15、ege. If a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go
16、and ask “if or where they went to college?“ as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school. The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than where they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6 33
17、5 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores one marker of elite colleges didnt pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite scho
18、ols but didnt attend them either because of rejection or by their own choice are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools. In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stro
19、nger effect on their subsequent success than average academic ability of their classmates.“ The late author Loren Pope, who wrote Looking Beyond the Ivy League and Colleges That Change Lives noted that the greater the opportunity for engagement and critical, creative and collaborative learning with
20、faculty, peers and community, the more likely the chance for future success. 6 What do the high school guidance counseling programs tell the juniors? （ A） A famous college is important to the development of a student. （ B） Success depends on the college that produces many famous people. （ C） Success
21、 has little to do with the colleges people study in. （ D） If a person wants to succeed, he should go with his parents and peers. 7 From the example of Ken Burns we learn that the happy and successful people_. （ A） must graduate from famous colleges （ B） have their own circles of family （ C） refuse t
22、o attend ordinary colleges （ D） dont necessarily graduate from famous colleges 8 The important factor leading to students success in and beyond college is_. （ A） that they are enrolled in elite colleges （ B） that they have tried their best in colleges （ C） that they have a higher SAT score （ D） that
23、 they have famous alumni 9 Compared with students who attended elite colleges, those who didnt would_. （ A） be rejected frequently in hunting jobs after graduation （ B） be more likely to have higher income after graduation （ C） have their own choices in the society after graduation （ D） not make end
24、s meet in their lives after graduation 10 According to Loren Pope, the chance of future success more depends on_. （ A） faculty, peers and community around （ B） motivation, ambition and desire to learn （ C） average academic ability of the classmates （ D） creation, collaboration and participation oppo
25、rtunity 10 Volumes have been written about technologys ability to connect people. But burying ones nose in a book has always been somewhat isolating with its unspoken assertion that the reader does not want to be disturbed. So what about a device that occupies the evolving intersection(交集 )between?
26、“Strangers constantly ask about it,“ Michael Hughes, a communications associate at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, said of his iPad, which he uses to read a mix of novels and nonfiction. “Its almost like having a new baby. “ An iPad owner for four months, Mr. Hughes sai
27、d people were much more likely to approach him now than when he toted(携带 )a book. “People approach me and ask to see it, to touch it, how much I like it,“ he said. “That rarely happens with dead-tree books. “ With the price of e-readers coming down, sales of the small devices are rising. Last month,
28、 Amazon reported that so far this year, Kindle sales had tripled over last years. When Amazon cut Kindles price in June to $ 189 from $ 259, over the next month Amazon sold 180 e-books for every 100 hardcovers. Social manners surrounding the act of reading alone in public may be changing along with
29、increased popularity. Suddenly, the lone, unapproachable reader at the corner table seems less alone. Given that some e-readers can display books while connecting online, theres a chance the former bookworm is already plugged into a conversation somewhere, said Paul Levinson, professor of communicat
30、ion and media studies at Fordham University. “I think, historically, there has been a stigma(耻辱 )attached to the bookworm, and that actually came from the not-untrue notion that, if you were reading, you werent socializing with other people,“ Dr. Levinson said. “But the e-reader changes that also be
31、cause e-readers are connected to bigger systems.“ For many, e-readers are todays must-have accessory, eating into old notions of what being bookish might have meant. “Buying literature has become cool again,“ he said. 11 Why does the author say that readers are somewhat isolated? （ A） They imply tha
32、t they dont want to be disturbed. （ B） They bury their noses in the books. （ C） They are lonely people in nature. （ D） They dont connect with others. 12 What can we conclude from Michael Hughes words? （ A） Strangers are curious about him. （ B） He has just had a new baby. （ C） He never uses his iPad
33、to read. （ D） People come to him to ask about his iPad. 13 What is new about the e-readers for the former bookworms? （ A） They can be read alone by readers in public. （ B） They are owned by lone, unapproachable readers. （ C） They can be used to launch a conversation while displaying books. （ D） They
34、 tend to talk about the background information while displaying books. 14 What is the authors attitude towards e-books? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Biased. 15 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） E-books are beginning to revive. （ B） E-books become less expensive. （ C）
35、 Bookworms do not exist anymore. （ D） E-books make readers less isolated. 15 As you crest(到达 )a rise on Mississippis Highway 63, a calm brown waterway flows beneath the bridge, and cranes and derricks(有井架 )is revealed in the distance. The near view gives the region its charm； the distant one sustain
36、s it. The oil industry and shipbuilding both thrive along the coast. But the population has waned, displaced by hurricanes, so companies must look elsewhere for their workers. The results are not always happy ones. Like Americas rickety immigration system, the H-2B program draws scorn from all sides
37、. Companies in such industries as forestry and fisheries depend heavily on guest workers. But since 1990 the H-2B has been capped at a worthless 66 000 a year. Even with exemptions for workers who extend their visas, that cap has been hit every year but one. In 2008 American companies requested near
38、ly 294 000 H-2Bs. Unions, for their part, were worried that guest workers take jobs from willing Americans, as well as driving down wages and benefits. And immigrant-rights advocates point to the potential for abuse inherent in the program. Although temporary agricultural workers are guaranteed hous
39、ing, travel expenses, firm hours of work and access to lawyers, H-2B visa-holders are promised only prevailing local wages. Their visas are tied to their jobs, which deters(制止 )complaint. Mary Bauer, the legal director of the Southern Poverty Law Centre, a civil-rights program that has represented n
40、umerous H-2B plaintiffs, says that temporary workers appeal to employers because “they cannot work for anybody else. They have to accept any terms imposed on them. They have to borrow a substantial amount of money to get here, and almost anything asked of them they feel obligated to tolerate and do.
41、 “ Things may be getting better. In February Superior Forestry Service, which provides the forest industry with immigrant workers, agreed to a $ 2.75 million settlement in a suit brought by 2 200 workers who claimed they were short-changed on wages. And in December 2009 Bernie Sanders, a senator fro
42、m Vermont, introduced a bill that would provide guest workers with travel expenses and access to lawyers, regulate foreign recruiters and prevent companies that have massively laid off local staff from hiring immigrants. It wont make everyone happy, but at least it should make some people a bit less
43、 unhappy. 16 The main purpose of the first paragraph is to tell us that_. （ A） Mississippi has more highways than other states （ B） Mississippi needs some guest workers （ C） hurricane has immense influence on Mississippi （ D） Mississippis environment has been destroyed by humans 17 What can we know
44、about the H-2B visa-holders in America? （ A） They can prove that the American immigration system works effectively. （ B） They will take jobs from the local willing Americans totally. （ C） They can help promote American industries like forestry and manufacturing. （ D） They do not wholly enjoy their d
45、eserved rights in practice. 18 According to Mary Bauer, temporary workers_. （ A） charge employers with depriving them of their basic rights （ B） have large debts to pay in America （ C） should be responsible for their employers （ D） are attracted by high payments abroad 19 The attitude of Bernie Sand
46、ers towards the bill is_. （ A） objective （ B） ironical （ C） humorous （ D） critical 20 The main theme of this passage is_. （ A） Americas outdated immigration law has many recognizable flaws （ B） industries in America are getting worse and worse nowadays （ C） the rights of guest workers should be prot
47、ected by suitable laws （ D） Mississippi is not suitable for guest workers to live and work in 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 120答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位段可知，研究发现，儿童接受到的鼓励方式影响着他们对今后生活中挑战的态度，故 B)为答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 语义理解题。联系上下文可知，该段第二个 it指代的内容是在第二段最后提到的，指代无实验背景的真实情境下的研究
48、，故 C)为答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位句可知， “过程性赞扬 “是重视儿童行为的赞扬(如 “你工作很努力 ”)，故正确答案为 D)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节推理题。由定位段可知，接受个人性赞扬的孩子没有出现什么负面影响，研究表明，过程性赞扬教会孩子才能及能力是可以发展的，但个人性赞扬给孩子传达的信息却是他们的能力是固定的， 不容易改变的，故 D)为答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。从全文来看，作者主要指出赞扬儿童有好处，而且长远来看过程性赞扬更好，
49、故 B)为答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由定位句可知，指导咨询活动会帮助三年级学生们意识到并不是就读的大学决定一切，故正确答案为 C)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由定位句 可知，作者指出，一些名人和成功人士的大学并不是很出名，他们或者是在一些普通大学就读，或者并没有完成大学教育，Ken Burns便是对第一种情况的论证，即成功不一定依赖于出身名校，故 D)为正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位句可知，学生们在大学期间及毕业后获得成功的关键更取决于他们在大学阶段的所作所为，而不是他们就读的哪所大学，故正确答案为 B)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位 句可知，申请若干名牌大学但因为种种原因而没就读的学生和那些实际上在名牌大学就读的学生相比，毕业后获得高收入的可能性更大些，故正确答案为 B)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由定位段可知
