1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 128及答案与解析 Section A 0 Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients【 C1】 _of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times have changed. Today, we take pain【 C2】 _. In
2、deed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in【 C3】 _a persons well-being. We know that chronic(慢性的 )pain can disrupt(扰乱 )a persons life, causing problems that【 C4】 _from missed work to depression. Thats why a growing numbe
3、r of hospitals now depend upon physicians who【 C5】_in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social【 C6】 _related to chronic pain. Such comprehens
4、ive therapy often【 C7】 _the work of social workers, psychiatrists(心理医生 )and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine. This modern【 C8】 _for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, t
5、here were only a【 C9】 _number of drugs available, and many of them caused【 C10】 _side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself. A)complained
6、F)limited K)seriously B)determining G)magnificent L)respect C)gravely H)prompting M)result D)involves I)range N)significant E)issues J)relieved O)specialize 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 How to Be More Persuasive A)Some people have it,
7、 but many more do not. They are the lucky few who possess the natural ability to convince potential employers to give them the job or to persuade their manager that the next promotion should be theirs. B)What can be especially frustrating, as we watch these individuals almost effortlessly charm thei
8、r way to getting what they want, is the realization that they are no more talented or any more experienced than us. The only apparent difference is that they seem to have mastered the art of persuading others to give them what they want. C)With employers finding themselves spoiled for choice with an
9、 array of applicants all with similar backgrounds, skills and experience, often its the most persuasive candidate that is the successful one. As a result, in todays competitive workplace our ability to influence and persuade others has never been so important. D)But before you resign yourself to thi
10、nking that all is lost because you are a persuasion lightweight(不能胜任者 ), here is some good news. The ability to influence and persuade others is not gifted to a chosen few. Persuasion can be learned and researchers who study it have uncovered a set of rules for improving your powers of persuasion an
11、d moving people in your direction. Learning about these rules and honestly employing them can improve your chances of finding that great new job, getting the promotion you deserve, becoming a more effective net worker and generally increasing your influence at work. E)Whether its a job interview, a
12、pay review or a client meeting, here are five tips to help you get the outcome you want at work. 1. Give first, and receive later F)If a friend of yours invites you to their house for dinner, you instinctively know that you should invite them back to your house at some point in the future. And if th
13、ey remember your birthday with a gift, then you should remember theirs. Psychologists call this the reciprocity(互惠 )rule, and it is a rule that all societies honour. While we may intuitively use the rule with our nearest and dearest, people often forget that the reciprocity rule can be equally usefu
14、l when dealing with our work colleagues as well as with people who we know less well or even not at all. G)Lending a hand to a colleague or manager of another team when they need help will increase your chances of getting support from them when you need it. Taking the time to provide useful informat
15、ion to a recruitment consultant or even cheekily giving them a small gift might make the difference. A recruitment manager I know told me that he once found himself placing the CV(Curriculum Vitae个人简历 )of one particular candidate at the top of the selection he sent to employers. The reason? At their
16、 last meeting, the candidate had brought a box of home-made biscuits into the office. 2. Admit your weaknesses H)Trust is a critical component to persuade a potential employer that you should get the job. Persuasion research suggests that one of the most effective ways to be seen as an honest and cr
17、edible applicant is also one of the most surprising: admit a weakness in your application. I)In one study, several hundred CVs were sent in response to an advertisement, together with a covering letter from the “applicant“. In fact, though, there were two versions of the covering letter. The first c
18、ontained wholly positive information about why the applicant was best suited to the job. However, the second contained a small drawback about the applicants suitability that appeared immediately before the candidate communicated the strongest reason why they were best suited for the job(maybe they h
19、ad four years experience rather than the desired five). J)The study authors concluded that the reason the second letter generated many more invitations to attend an interview was that the covering letter had gained a credibility(可信性 )and trustworthiness that the first did not. 3. Highlight loss, not
20、 just gain K)The competition for that new job or promotion is intense and other applicants have similar skills and experience to you. How do you differentiate yourself? Persuasion experts suggest that you appeal to loss. Dont just talk about what your new employer will gain by giving you the job, bu
21、t also respectfully point out what they stand to lose if they dont take you on. A study in the Journal of Organizational Behavior showed potential losses figure far more in a managers decision-making than the same things presented as gains. 4. Use the testimony(证言 )of others L)In Yes ! 50 Secrets fr
22、om the Science of Persuasion, a book I co-authored, we describe a study proving that, compared with the standard environmental message, many more hotel guests will reuse their towels if the little card in the bathroom tells them that previous guests reused theirs. M)This is because people will often
23、 look to what others are doing or saying when deciding what decision to make. This is especially true in situations of uncertainty or when several choices are available. N)These little cards dont just make a difference to the environment they could also make a difference to your employment prospects
24、. Providing examples of what others are saying about your suitability and skills is extremely persuasive and the more you have, the more your influence rises. O)As is often the case with persuasion, what you do first matters. Remembering to ask for a testimonial(推荐书 )or a recommendation immediately
25、after you have delivered a piece of work or successfully completed a project means that you always have it on hand for future job applications. P)It also helps to avoid asking someone to remember a great job you did months ago, that they may well have forgotten about by now. 5. Seek common ground Q)
26、Few will argue with the idea that people prefer to say yes to others that they like. As a result, likeability can have a profound influence over who gets a job. Studies show that one of the most important factors that influence one persons liking of another is how many similarities they share. R)In
27、the busy and stressful environment of a job interview, or when we are looking to build our networks, it can be tempting to focus solely on business and leave little time to find out what we share with others. S)Effective persuaders take time to seek out similarities they share with others. A couple
28、of well-placed questions about an individuals interests, or even a quick Internet search so that you can demonstrate genuine similarities, really could make all the difference. 11 The applicant may get a potential employers trust if he admits a weakness in his application. 12 People who naturally ma
29、ster the skills to persuade others are easily promoted at work. 13 Studies indicate that one of the most important reasons that one person tends to like another is how many similarities they share. 14 The little cards in the hotels make a difference to both the environment and job applications. 15 T
30、he reciprocity rule is honoured by all societies and can be applied to anyone in society. 16 According to persuasion experts, new employers may be more attracted by what they will lose if they dont hire you. 17 After you succeed in finishing your task, youd better ask for a testimonial or a recommen
31、dation which can help you apply for future jobs. 18 Researchers advise people to follow certain useful rules in order to improve the ability of persuasion. 19 When we are looking to build our networks, it is attractive to concentrate only on business and not to spend much time in seeking what we sha
32、re with others. 20 Because of a small present, the recruitment manager helped one particular candidate. Section C 20 Valentines Day is supposed to be about love and romance. But unfortunately, it can be just the opposite. Because of that, Feb. 15 starts the busy season for divorce lawyers, as people
33、 who were unhappy with their marriages heading into the day often decide that they no longer want to be with the one they used to love. A study of divorce filings(案件 )in New York, Illinois and California by AttorneyFee. com. a legal referral(推荐 )site, found that February is the busiest month of the
34、year for divorce filings, up about 18% from the average month. And those seeking referrals for a divorce lawyer on the site increase 38% following the holiday, with the biggest spike(峰值 )on the day after Valentines. Another legal site, Avvo. com, reports a 40% increase in those seeking information a
35、nd advice about divorce in the period right after Valentines Day. “Theres a very large number of people who are considering the divorce all the time, deciding whether or not to file,“said Richard Komaiko, a co-founder of AttorneyFee. “On Valentines Day, they take stock of things.“ Komaiko said Febru
36、ary has factors other than the holiday that could lead to an increase in divorces. January is the busiest month of the year for bankruptcy filings, highlighting the financial problems that often divide couples. In addition, the cold weather of February can keep couples that are having trouble indoor
37、s and closer to each other, adding to problems. But Alton Abramowitz, president of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, believes the holiday itself often brings things to a head for couples who are having trouble. “Theres always the clients who come in a day or two after saying I cant believ
38、e it, I made this beautiful dinner for my husband for Valentines Day, he called to say he was stuck in the office and then didnt come home at all. “Abramowitz said for a person who is being unfaithful to a spouse, the day can create problems that lead to them finally getting caught. “The person who
39、is cheating is caught in the middle; they have to satisfy the spouse and their lover, and more often than not thats an impossible feat(壮举 )to achieve,“ he said. 21 What makes Valentines Day convey the meaning opposite to love and romance? （ A） Valentines Day wont bring people love and romance. （ B）
40、Many divorce filings change the nature of Valentines Day. （ C） Couples having troubles tend to split up after Valentines Day. （ D） Divorce lawyers dislike the atmosphere of Valentines Day. 22 According to the study made by AttorneyFee. com, divorce filings are_. （ A） occurring most on Valentines Day
41、 （ B） more likely to be handled online （ C） less connected with Valentines Day （ D） at the height of popularity in February 23 People intending to divorce may make use of Valentines Day to_. （ A） reflect on divorcing （ B） make negotiations （ C） take legal action （ D） put divorcing aside 24 According
42、 to Komaiko, why do divorces grow in number in February? （ A） Because of Valentines Day, financial problems and the cold weather. （ B） Because the long winter holiday makes couples hard to get through. （ C） Because of holidays, bankruptcy and being together for a long time. （ D） Because Valentines D
43、ay gets couples into financial trouble. 25 What does Alton Abramowitz mean when he believes “the holiday. brings things to a head“? （ A） He means the holiday makes couples very mad. （ B） He means the couples think more on the holiday. （ C） He means the holiday worsens couples relationship. （ D） He m
44、eans the couples are bored to spend the holiday. 25 Its been 30 years since Congress revised US patent laws to encourage universities to embrace the world of commerce. Critics predicted that the integrity of academic research would be compromised by patent-grubbing and attempts to build companies ar
45、ound the latest laboratory findings. But such fears did not come true, says a new report from the National Academies released Monday. The panel chaired by Mark Wrighton, Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis examined a vast file of scholarly work on how universities have managed intellect
46、ual property in the wake of the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act and concluded that things are pretty much hunky-dory(极好的 )right now. Or, as the report says: The Bayh-Dole legal framework and the practices of universities have not seriously undermined academic norms of uninhibited inquiry, open communication, or
47、faculty advancement based on scholarly merit. There is little evidence that intellectual property considerations interfere with other important avenues of transferring research results to development and commercial use. At the same time, however, the Academies panel warns universities not to go over
48、board hunting for patents. While some universities have made millions of dollars by licensing discoveries from their labs, raising money should not be the main goal. Instead, the report says, universities should aim to disseminate(传播 )technology as widely as possible for the public good. This may me
49、an passing up the best-paying licensing deal and taking one that allows for broader use of the technology. For most schools, it adds, the likelihood of “raising significant revenue“ from patents is small, the probability of disappointment is high, and the risk of “distorting and narrowing“ the use of new knowledge is great. Its important not to get carried away with racking up patents at the expense of the universitys primary obligation to disseminate new knowledge and
