1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 Section B 0 Six Secrets of High-Energy People A)Theres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just cant get started,“ people say. But its not physical energy that mos
2、t of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body. B)What youre seeking is not physical energy. Its emotional energy. Yet
3、, sad to say, life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit. C)And yet we all know people who are filled
4、with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child, I observed people who were poor, or disabled, or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body, wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand
5、barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed. D)Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do wit
6、h genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You cant simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work. 1. Do something new. E)Very little thats new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It
7、s like a tire with a slow leak. You dont notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. Its up to you to plug the leak even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. Thats where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. F)Fortunately, Maura had
8、 a lifeline a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered
9、 the courage to quit her job and start her own business. G)Heres a challenge: If its something you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish youve never eaten. Listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. Youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy. 2. Reclaim life s meaning. H)So man
10、y of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale. I)The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment bank
11、ing. “I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something,“ she says. “But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.“ Ivys solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled he
12、r life with meaning. 3. Put yourself in the fun zone. J)Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by
13、mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. “I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,“ she says. “Its a challengeand the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.“ K)We all define fun differently, of course, but I can
14、guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly. 4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret L)Everyone s past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While t
15、hey cant merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present. 5. Make up your mind. M)Say youve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it
16、look stylish or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you cant decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and dont look back. 6. Give t
17、o get. N)Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it. O)Start by asking everyone yo
18、u meet, “How are you?“ as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you dont smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, youre sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another person and make th
19、e help real, concrete. Give a massage(按摩 )to someone you love, or cook her dinner. Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what you d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient. P)After all, if its true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what s circ
20、ulating around you is the good stuff? 1 With an extremely weak body, but emotional energy, Laura Hillenbrand wrote the best-seller Seabicuit. 2 One difference between emotional and physical energy is that, emotional energy has a quality: the more you give, the more you get back. 3 Lots of things, su
21、ch as work, family obligations, emergencies and personal crises, make us suffer from emotional fatigue. 4 Having decisions hanging over your head is energy consuming. 5 Putting a bit of fun into your day will increase your energy quickly. 6 People with high-energy manage to find something enjoyable
22、in every situation. 7 When facing with alternatives, you should stop thinking to make the right decision always, just make a choice and dont look back. 8 The first thing you should do is figure out what you really care about, if you want to solve the meaning shortage of life. 9 Do some small things
23、you don t ordinarily do will add to your emotional energy. 10 You have to take action to make yourself become positive. 10 Endangered Peoples A)Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural difference
24、s. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the worlds native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a m
25、ember of the tribe. Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book. B)The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting
26、 the march of progress in an effort to keep memselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Ye
27、t the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great. C)Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from
28、 the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world. D)Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book.
29、 He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain memselves, he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They w
30、ant them to have their parents values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the people s cries are the same: “Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?“ E)Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native p
31、eoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he
32、 first wondered: “Where are they? Where did they go?“ He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had t
33、o fight to survive the pressures of the modern world. F)The Gwichin are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwichin remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the
34、huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwichin. G)One Gwichin told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived q
35、uietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: “As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smok
36、e. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!“ H)About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the
37、 Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the place where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwichin woman describes the situation in these words: “Oil development threatens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people a
38、re threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our c
39、ulture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever.“ I)A scientist with a British oil company dismisses(驳回，打消 )the fears of the Gwichin. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwichin, however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies.
40、But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts t
41、hreaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan. J)The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,
42、000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it crea
43、tes markets for goods produced by native communities. K)Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and
44、from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishinabe of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultur
45、al Survival for activists, researchers and the press. L)David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world. A native group is one that has its ow
46、n langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened. Mr. Ma
47、cDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of trad
48、itional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war. 11 The Gwich in took legal action to stop oil companies. 12 Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the area where the caribou gave birth to their young. 13 Gwich in hunt caribous, and make full use of all parts of them. 1
49、4 MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups in a country will go on forever, and can t be prevented. 15 Cultural Survival has tried to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world for 22 years. 16 Because of forcing off their lands, or being killed in battle and so on, many native peoples have disappeared. 17 Native peoples want to remain their ways of raising children and their own language. 18 The main jobs of Cultural Survival Research Center are doing research and publishing informat
