1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 185及答案与解析 Section A 0 The French division of McDonalds has run advertisements that included a surprising【 C1】 _: Kids shouldnt eat at McDonalds more than once a week. The advertisements,【 C2】 _information from specialists, aim to show that “McDonalds meals are part of a balanced w
2、eekly diet,“ said Euro RSCG, the agency that came up with the ads, which appeared this spring, mostly in French womens magazines. Alongside quotes from specialists addressing【 C3】 _and diets for children, the ads described how McDonalds hamburgers are made of 100 percent real beef and cooked on a gr
3、ill free of【 C4】 _oil. One ad placed in Femme Actuelle in April quoted a nutritionist who said, “theres no reason to【 C5】 _fast food, or visit McDonalds more than once a week.“ The McDonalds Corp., based in Oak Brook, Ill., said in a statement Wednesday that it “strongly【 C6】 _“ with the nutritionis
4、t quoted in the French advertisement. “The vast majority of nutrition professionals say that McDonalds food can be and is a part of a healthy diet based on the sound nutrition【 C7】 _of balance, variety and moderation(适度 ),“ the statement said. Since opening its first French branch in 1968, McDonalds
5、 has expanded【 C8】_in France. More recently the multinational has come under fire from anti-globalization【 C9】 _, farmers groups, and in Paris, striking workers. Last year, sheep farmer-turned-activist Jose Bove became a standard-bearer for the French anti-globalization【 C10】 _when he led a group th
6、at ransacked(洗劫 )a McDonalds in southern France. A. quoting B. continuously C. overweight D. suggestion E. abuse F. protestors G. occasionally H. additional I. tame J. movement K. disagreed L. healed M. principles N. conference O. prosperous 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8
7、【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 The History of Rhinestones A)Rhinestones have a glittering past. Originally rhinestones were referred to Czechoslovakian or Bohemian glass dating as far back as the 13th century in Bohemia and the Czech Republic. Both places have a history steeped in beautiful ha
8、nd blown glass as well as molded and cut glass. By 1918 glass was no longer limited to functional items. Czechoslovakian glass began to make its appearance in dazzling and brilliant jewelry. This Czech glass became known as rhinestones. Rhinestones were manmade gems from highly refined glass. By usi
9、ng various metals the glass was colored to the desired shade. It was then pressed into molds. Each stone was then ground and polished by machine, resulting in a brilliant glass stone. Often the stones were foiled on the back which increased their brilliance. B)Today, the same refining process is sti
10、ll used. You will often hear rhinestones referred to as paste. Originally paste was referred to a glass stone that was made of ground glass which was molded and then melted, producing an opaque dense glass frosted stone. Paste had many air bubbles and swirl marks. The high lead content glass was the
11、n polished and faceted, and set on either copper or silver resulting in a brilliant stone. Today the term “paste“ usually refers to rhinestones. In Europe rhinestones are often referred to as paste, strass, and diamante. C)Austria is another area with a history in rhinestone production. In 1891 Dani
12、el Swarovski created a new glass cutting machine which quite literally revolutionized the jewelry business. This machine could cut faceted glass, producing finely finished product in a very short time. Prior to this invention it would take a very long time for each stone to be cut by hand and finish
13、ed. Swarovskis background in glass making, combined with his glass cutting machine soon found him producing rhinestones with a lead content of over 30%. The brilliance of these rhinestones was superior to anything seen on the market. Swarovski wasnt content with his invention and the best rhinestone
14、s ever seen. His next invention was once again transforming to the jewelry industry. He created a vacuum plating for the backs of the stones with silver and gold, reducing the need for hand labor. Still today Swarovski rhinestones are recognized as the highest quality in the industry. Over 80% of rh
15、inestone jewelry manufactured in America use Swarovski rhinestones. D)Rhinestones have played an important role in costume jewelry for hundreds of years. It is used to enhance and decorate the costumes, and sometimes rhinestones will provide the entire design. During the Victorian period common desi
16、gn patterns for jewelry included snakes, flowers, and hands most often adorned with rhinestones. The 1890s were a time for extravagant jewelry heavily adorned with rhinestones. As time moved forward designs became simpler with figural shapes once again making their fashion statement. However this ti
17、me they were small and more elegant with small rhinestone decorations. E)During the Edwardian period extravagance had made a comeback with diamonds and pearls being the focal point. Once again rhinestones were in heavy use, often used to imitate the real thing. During the 1920s fashions were rapidly
18、 changing. Dresses had gone from tight, fitted to a looser, more comfortable style. Two distinct styles occurred during this era the feminine style and the androgynous style(having both female and male characteristics). Jewelry from the 1920s drew on the art decoration period. The majority of rhines
19、tone jewelry was made with clear rhinestones. F)As the 1920s moved jewelry once again became bolder. Dramatic color was in style. Designer Coco Chanel was an integral figure in setting the stage for jewelry of this era. During the 1930s, during the Depression, labor-intensive fashion was no longer f
20、easible. While the world was in chaos, jewelry represented an affordable comfort to many women. Inexpensive costume jewelry could be used to revitalize an old outfit. The industry began to produce bright colored enamel pieces decorated with rhinestones. Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye wer
21、e common place. G)The jewelry during the 1940s once again became big and bold with rhinestones being produced in every imaginable color, large stones set on large bold settings was the norm. By the 1950s there were two very distinct looks elegant and sophisticated for the more mature woman, and casu
22、al and fun for the younger woman. The 1950s saw jewelry made completely from rhinestones. For the younger woman were flirty pieces, for the older woman sophisticated elegance. Whole sets of rhinestone jewelry became extremely popular. In 1953 the aurora borealis rhinestone was introduced to the mark
23、et with its fabulous array of color. It was an instant hit! H)By 1960s women were wearing very functional clothing. By the late 1960s the hippie fashions were extremely popular with their roots tied to Mother Nature. Tie dyed shirts, long flowing skirts, frayed jeans were everywhere. This generation
24、 had no interest in rhinestone jewelry. By the mid 1970s the punk look had been born and the rhinestone was revitalized. It was the disco movement brought the rhinestone back to center stage. The disco movement turned into the club movement during the 1980s and rhinestone jewelry continued to gain p
25、opularity. I)Since the 1970s rhinestones have remained main stream in the jewelry world. They continue to gain popularity and today there is a style to suit almost every ones needs. There is rhinestone jewelry which is perfect for a bride, rhinestone jewelry for a prom girl, rhinestone jewelry for t
26、he young and fun crowd, the business woman, the sophisticated woman, and the mature woman. Beautiful pieces of rhinestone jewelry adorn almost every womans accessories. If trends are an indication of the rhinestones future, it appears to have a brilliant healthy life ahead of it. Pleasing for most w
27、omen with a fashion sense who instantly recognize the value and beauty of rhinestones! 11 Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye were in fashion during the Depression. 12 The feminine style and the androgynous style became popular during 1920s. 13 Czech glass became known as rhinestones when it
28、was used for manmade jewelry. 14 Rhinestone jewelry seems to have a promising prospect if trends indicate its future. 15 As tie dyed shirts and frayed jeans were extremely popular, rhinestone jewelry couldnt appeal to the hippie generation. 16 Paste was used to be referred to a glass stone that was
29、made of ground glass. 17 Daniel Swarovski was soon able to produce rhinestones which contain more than 30 percent of lead. 18 Snake-shaped rhinestones were a common design pattern during the Victorian period. 19 The Austria-branded Swarovski rhinestones are considered as the highest quality in the i
30、ndustry now. 20 Whole sets of rhinestone jewelry were very poplar during the 1950s. Section C 20 According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的 )“ than at any time in the 17 y
31、ears of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.“ It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teac
32、hing, social service and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine(a sales representative for a chemical company)was making twice the salary of her college instructor
33、s her first year on the job even before she completed her two-year associate degree. While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of
34、 these other contributions be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of uni
35、ons who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recen
36、tly which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom(对讲机 ): “Miss Baxter,“ he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?“ From the long-term point of view, thats what education really o
37、ught to be about. 21 According to the authors observation, college students _. （ A） have never been so materialistic as today （ B） have never been so interested in the arts （ C） have never been so financially well off as today （ D） have never attached so much importance to moral sense 22 The student
38、s criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _. （ A） the influences of their instructors （ B） the financial goals they seek in life （ C） their own interpretations of the courses （ D） their understanding of the contributions of others 23 By saying “While its true thatbe they scientific
39、or artistic“(Lines 1 -3, Para. 5), the author means that _. （ A） business management should be included in educational programs （ B） human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed （ C） human intellectual development has reached new heights （ D） the importance of a broad education shou
40、ld not be overlooked 24 Studying the diverse wisdom of others can _. （ A） create varying artistic interests （ B） help people see things in their right perspective （ C） help improve connections among people （ D） regulate the behavior of modern people 25 Which of the following statements is true accor
41、ding to the passage? （ A） Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded. （ B） Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong. （ C） People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life. （ D） Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only. 25 Thoughts of suicide haun
42、ted Anita Rutnam long before she arrived at Syracuse University. She had a history of mental illness and had even attempted to kill herself. During her junior year of college, she tried again. On a February morning in 1998, just days after a campus counselor recommended she be hospitalized for her s
43、uicidal tendencies, Rutnam threw herself off the eighth floor of a Syracuse dormitory. Miraculously, she survived. But three years later, Rutnam still feels the effects of that day. She has not been able to finish college and is suing her former school for malpractice. Her suit asserts that, given t
44、he campus counselors advice, school officials should have done more to prevent her suicide attempt. This incident and others have thrown a spotlight on an issue that is causing growing concern in dorm rooms and students center. Are colleges providing adequate care for students who may be struggling
45、with a range of mental illnesses? In the Syracuse case, a spokesman for the school contends, “The University tried repeatedly to help Anita, and we felt that they acted appropriately.“ But lawyers are busy there and elsewhere. After accidents, suicide is the second biggest killer of kids in college.
46、 And while the number of students who kill themselves on campus is no higher than that of 18-to-24-year-olds in the general population, a series of sensational incidents has raised the question of whether troubled students are getting proper attention. So what are the schools responsibilities to at-
47、risk students, particularly those who may be genetically predisposed(易患 病的 )to mental illness? College can be a breeding ground for psychiatric problems. Poor eating habits and irregular sleeping patternsespecially combined with the academic stress of college life may all play roles in triggering me
48、ntal problems. Additionally, many of the major psychiatric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s. 26 Anita Rutnam couldnt finish college most probably because_. （ A） she couldnt get enough concern from Syracuse University （ B） she wasnt phy
49、sically healthy enough to continue schooling （ C） she still kept thinking about killing herself whenever at school （ D） she has been troubled by the memory of the incident very often 27 What does the author want us to know through Anita Rutnams story? （ A） The universities are not responsible for their students. （ B） Suicides are popular on college campus and should be handled properly. （ C） Why Anita committed suicide is still a mystery. （ D） Universities should get prepared in
