1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 191及答案与解析 Section A 0 Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so【 C1】_through identification. Children identify with a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are【 C2】 _of that parent. The things parents do and say and the way they do
2、 and say to them 【 C3】 _strongly influence a childs behavior. However, parents must consistently【 C4】 _like the type of person they want their children to become. A parents actions also affect the self-image that a child forms through identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in the
3、ir parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who【 C5】 _chiefly negative qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may modify their self-image, however, as they become increasingly influenced by peer groups【 C6】 _be
4、fore they reach 13. Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a【 C7】 _effect on a childs behavior. Children interpret such events according to their【 C8】_attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the divorce of their parents or a pa
5、rents early【 C9】 _. But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events as a sign of【 C10】 _or punishment. A. behave B. established C. standards D. decline E. characteristics F. acceptance G. rejection H. observe I. therefore J. definite K. departure L. permanent M. engagement N. mainly O.
6、meanwhile 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Astrology A)Astrology is the study of how the sun, the moon, planets, and stars are supposedly related to life and events on the earth. It is based on the belief that the heavenly bodies form pat
7、terns that can reveal a persons character or future. Many people throughout the world believe in astrology. These people base important decisions on the advice of an astrologer(a person who tells fortunes by studying the stars). Other people declare there is no scientific basis for astrology, and th
8、ey consider it a form of entertainment. B)Astrology differs from astronomy. Astrology developed from a set of principles that originated more than 2,000 years ago. At that time, astronomy was also based on those same principles. But during the 1500s and 1600s, several astronomers, including Nicolaus
9、 Copernicus of Poland and Tycho Brahe of Denmark, made discoveries about the heavenly bodies that conflicted with the principles of astrology. As a result, astrology and astronomy became widely different in their methods and purposes. Today, astrologers observe the heavenly bodies to understand thin
10、gs that happen on the earth. Astronomers seek scientific knowledge about the various objects in space. C)The basic principle of astrology is that the heavenly bodies influence what happens on the earth. Astrologers learn about this influence by casting(drawing)a circular chart called a horoscope or
11、birth chart. A horoscope shows the position of the planets in relation to both the earth and the stars at a certain time. In most cases, it shows the position of these bodies at the time of a persons birth. The system used by astrologers to cast a horoscope is based on a special view of the universe
12、. This view involves four elements: the earth, the planets, the zodiac(黄道 ), and the houses. D)In casting a horoscope, astrologers place the earth at the center of the solar system. Therefore, all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth rather than around the sun. Astrologers use this arrangement t
13、o determine the positions of the heavenly bodies in relation to the earth. They believe that the study of the positions of the heavenly bodies can reveal a persons character and future. In astrology, the moon and the sun are considered planets, along with Jupiter, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranu
14、s, and Venus. Each planet supposedly represents a force that affects people in a certain way. Astrologers believe the planets influence a person more than any other heavenly bodies do. E)The zodiac is a band of stars that appear to encircle the earth. It is divided into 12 equal parts, called signs.
15、 Each sign of the zodiac has certain characteristics, which are determined by a particular planet and other factors. Astrologers believe the signs determine how the planets affect a persons character. The houses. Like the zodiac, the earths surface is divided into 12 parts. Each of these parts, call
16、ed houses, represents certain characteristics of an individuals life. Astrologers believe the houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a persons daily life. F)Astrology began sometime before 2000 B.C. in Babylonia(now southeastern Iraq). Astrologers of that time knew of five planets
17、Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Saturn and Venus. They believed that the sun, the moon, and planets sent out different forces, which had certain characteristics. For example, one of the planets now known as Mars appeared to be red. Astrologers linked it with anger, aggression and war. G)The zodiac was proba
18、bly developed in ancient Egypt, and the Babylonians adopted it sometime after 1000 B.C. Astrologers gradually developed a system that linked seasonal changes with specific group of stars called constellations(星座 ). At that time, for example, heavy rainfall occurred in Babylonia when the sun was in a
19、 certain constellation. As a result, astrologers named the constellation Aquarius, the water bearer. H)At first, astrologers studied the heavenly bodies in making general predictions about the future. But between 600 B.C. and 200 B.C., they developed the system of casting individual horoscopes(以占星术算
20、命 ). The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced astrology and greatly influenced its development. The Roman names for the planets and the signs of the zodiac are still used today. I)Interest in astrology declined in Europe with the coming of Christianity as people sought guidance from religious leaders
21、 rather than from astrologers. Astrology regained popularity during the AD. 1100s. By the 1600s, it was particularly strong in England. Several astrological(历书 )were published, and many other books either defended or attacked astrology. The number of followers of astrology fell in England during the
22、 1700s, but the subjects popularity returned again in the early 1800s. By the late 1800s and early 1900s, interest in astrology had spread to many other nations. Newspapers in England began publishing horoscope columns during the 1930s. Such columns soon appeared in newspapers throughout the world,
23、and people became increasingly interested in astrology. Today, astrology is followed more widely than ever before. J)Many people believe astrology is simply a superstition, and scientists declare that its whole basis is unscientific. Scientists point out that the earths position has changed in space
24、 since ancient times. As a result, the signs of the zodiac used by astrologers no longer match the constellations for which they were named. Some people who believe in astrology support it in terms of magnetic fields, solar storms and other natural occurrences. Others, though they also believe in as
25、trology, claim that it cannot be supported scientifically. They consider it a set of powerful symbols that can provide a deep understanding of human beings. They defend astrology by pointing out that, in many cases, it works. 11 Astrologers hold the belief that the planets exert more influence on a
26、person than other heavenly bodies do. 12 Publishing horoscope columns in newspapers helped to make astrology spread across the world widely. 13 Whenever the sun was in the constellation Aquarius, it rained heavily in Babylonia. 14 The discoveries of heavenly bodies that were against the principles o
27、f astrology led to great differences between astrology and astronomy in their methods and purposes. 15 Astrology is based on the conviction that the patterns the heavenly bodies form can tell a persons character or future. 16 Some people still believe in astrology, though they know it is unscientifi
28、c, by claiming that it works in many cases. 17 During the 1700s in England, astrology gained less popularity than before. 18 In astrology, the earth is regarded as the center of the solar system. 19 Since Mars appeared to be red, astrologers believed that it represented anger, aggression and war. 20
29、 Its believed by the astrologers that the houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a persons daily life. Section C 20 In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a
30、 majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with successive rounds until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of th
31、e Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For inst
32、ance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America. Because of the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the
33、host citys time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay significantly higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in prime viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded,
34、 it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee not the IOC or the NOC of the host citys country to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television revenues and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources, such as commemorative p
35、ostage stamps or proceeds from a national lottery. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the proceeds from the Games were less than expected, the city was left wit
36、h large debts. 21 During voting, the city _ will win host of Olympics. （ A） getting most votes in the first vote （ B） getting more than half votes （ C） being supported by a major city （ D） going around successfully 22 In selecting the host city, the IOC will consider several factors EXCEPT _. （ A） t
37、he time zone of the host city （ B） the existing facilities of the host city （ C） whether the area has hosted the Games （ D） whether profit could be made by the host city 23 According to the passage, one of the reasons for Tokyo to be the host of Olympics in 1964 may be _. （ A） its a major city of Ja
38、pan （ B） its a famous city （ C） its a city in Asia （ D） its nice and cool in summer 24 Every Olympic Games is financed by _. （ A） the local government and the financial organizations （ B） the local government and the organizing committee （ C） the IOC and the National Olympic Committee （ D） the local
39、 companies and the local media 25 The word “proceeds“ in the last sentence most probably means “_“. （ A） sponsorship （ B） reputation （ C） financial support （ D） financial profit 25 Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many pote
40、ntial health hazards. Much research has looked at how the movement of air inside a closed environment such as an office buildingcan spread disease or expose people in the building to harmful chemicals. One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaires disease, which was first recogni
41、zed in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the systems cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake(通风口 ), in most cases due to poor design. The warm air, filled with bacteria, was combined with co
42、oled, conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust pipes. Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers(湿度调节器 ). In older
43、systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria which can find their way into the ventilation(通风 )system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approx
44、imately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed the ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. But chemicals called “biocides“ are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, and they are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantiti
45、es, as they often contain compounds strongly linked to cancers. Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Inde
46、ed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or work environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37 , our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater exposure to diseases such as colds and flu. 26 What
47、 do we know about Legionnaires disease from the passage? （ A） It was the most widely concerned office hazard. （ B） It can affect people both inside and outside the building. （ C） It happens only in air-conditioned office buildings. （ D） It does not develop in well-designed buildings. 27 In the old a
48、ir-conditioned systems, bacteria first develop _. （ A） in the reservoirs （ B） in the ventilation system （ C） in the humidifiers （ D） in the air intake 28 The fact that about half of workers developed the ability to fight off the bacteria may _. （ A） relieve peoples worry about the danger caused by t
49、he bacteria （ B） help people find an effective way to get rid of the bacteria （ C） reflect the serious danger brought by the bacteria （ D） cause serious disease such as cancers to people 29 The author most probably wants the readers to treat biocides with an attitude of_. （ A） caution （ B） trust （ C） enthusiasm （ D） criticism 30 The last paragraph implies that our immune system can be weakened when _. （ A） we live in an artificial climatic environment （ B
