1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 238及答案与解析 Section A 0 The word Yoga itself comes from an ancient Sanskrit word meaning “union“. What kind of union do you think the word refers to? Why would people want to have this kind of experience? Students of Yoga often study for as long as 20 years before becoming【 C1】 _, o
2、r Yogis. They learn many different【 C2】 _exercises. These exercises are designed to put the students in good physical condition. Then they can concentrate on deep religious thoughts without physical【 C3】 _. Many Yoga exercises【 C4】 _putting the body into difficult position. Some of them are very har
3、d to learn. Have you ever tried to【 C5】 _your legs over one another? This is one of the【 C6】 _Yoga positions. It is called the lotus position. Most people find it difficult to stay in that position for even a few minutes. But Yogis train themselves to remain in the lotus position for hours or even d
4、ays. They are taught to【 C7】 _the physical discomforts of holding these positions. Other exercises and【 C8】 _teach concentration. Yogis feel this is the key to【 C9】 _inner peace. This kind of concentration is called meditation. Yogis and many other people practice meditation They claim that it makes
5、 them feel relaxed and【 C10】 _. Some people say that it makes them feel better just as good exercise does. But other people say that meditation helps them feel much closer to God. A. discomforts B. basic C. finding D. peaceful E. rules F. overcome G. physical H. enforcing I. involve J. intimate K. m
6、asters L. external M. fold N. interaction O. elaborately 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 How Advertisement Is Done? A) When we choose a word we do more than give information; we also express our feelings about whatever were describing. W
7、ords point to facts but often link these to attitudes at the same time; they can also affect the beliefs and attitudes of other people. These two remarks are much the same or are they? Whats the speakers feeling towards the same dog in each case? And how would the different descriptions affect the l
8、isteners? Here comes that pet. Here comes that dog. The fact that words can work like this is important and valuable, for it adds a richness to our communication with one another. Advertisers make use of it in a number of ways. B) The manufacturer needs a name that will do more than just label: he w
9、ants a name that brings suitable associations as well the ideas that the word brings to the mind will help sell the product. If all were available at the same price, which coat or suit would you choose from this range of shades Dark Tan, Brown, Mud Brown? Which of these shades of eye-show Black Diam
10、ond, Black, Coaldust? C) Because words have these associations, the advertiser is very careful about the way he describes his product and what it will do. Almost every advertisement has certain key words (sometimes, but not always, in bold or large letters, or beginning with a capital letter) that a
11、re intended to be persuasive, while at the same time appearing to be informative. Its difficult enough simply to describe what a thing is and how in words, especially in a few words, but the writers who write for the advertisements also try to include feelings, associations and attitudes. Some words
12、 seem to have been so successful in selling that the advertisers use them almost as if they were magic key to a certain sale. How often, for instance, have you come across the word “golden“ in advertisements? D) One thing reminds us of another especially if we often see them together. These reminder
13、s (called “associations“) are sometimes more imaginary than real: for many people a robin suggests Christmas, for others silver candlesticks suggest wealth. The tricks of the advertising business we have so far described are all examples of the advertiser encouraging us to associate products with th
14、ose things he thinks we really want a good job, nice clothes, a sport car, a beautiful girlfriend perhaps most of all a feeling of importance. The “image“ of a product is based on these associations, and the advertiser often creates a “good image“ by showing us someone who uses his product and who l
15、eads the kind of life we should like to lead. We buy not just the product but the sense of importance that goes with it. We drink Coca-Cola not just for the taste, but because we would like to be thought of as being as gay as the energetic people who drink it in the ads. E) In this age of moon fligh
16、ts, heart transplants and wonder drugs, we are all impressed by science. If an advertiser links his claim with a scientific fact, there is even a chance we can be blinded by science. The question is simply whether the impressive air of the new discovery or the “man-made miracle“ is being used to hel
17、p or just to deceive us. Another method of persuasion is to call up guilty feelings, for example to imply that any mother who really loves her children uses a certain product. If Mrs. Gray does not use it, she might start to think of herself as a bad mother who does not love her family. So she might
18、 go and buy that particular product, rather than go on feeling guilty. F) Some products are advertised as having a remarkable and immediate effect. We are shown the situation before using the product and this is contrasted with the situation that follows its use. Have you noticed anything about thes
19、e advertisements? Taking a tablet for a headache in such advertisements can have truly remarkable results. For not only has the headache gone, the person concerned has often had a new hair-do, required a new set of clothes and sometimes even moved into a more modern, better furnished house. What spl
20、endid value for a few pence! G) We are often encouraged to believe nowadays that, because someone has been successful in one field, he should be regarded as an authority in other fields. How true is this likely to be? The advertiser knows that there are certain people whom we admire because they are
21、 famous sportsmen, actors or singers, and he believes that if we discover that a certain well-known personality uses his product, we will want to use it too. This is why so many advertisements feature famous people. But does a man who is a famous sportsman know more about these things than anyone el
22、se? And does he even use the product he praises? The next time you see any advertisements which feature well-known people, consider in which of them you think the person concerned should be regarded as an authority and those where he clearly is not H) Another way in which an advertiser may try to ma
23、ke us want his product is by suggesting that most people, or the “best“ people, already use it and that we will no doubt want to follow them. How important is this when you think about it? No one likes to be inferior to others, but are we really inferior just because we have not got all the things o
24、thers have? Furthermore, do we really want to be like other people? Is it really desirable to behave just like others? I) If you keep talking about something for long enough, finally people will pay attention to you. How many advertisements have you seen that are based on this rule? If we hear the n
25、ame of a product many times a day, we are much more likely to find that this is the name that comes into our head when the shopkeeper asks “What brand?“ We usually like to choose things for ourselves, but if the advertiser plants a name in our heads on this way, he has helped to make the choice for
26、us. J) One of the ways in which an advertiser can make sure that the name of his product is heard by people far more often than he can afford to have it advertised on television, is to write a jingle or slogan that people, especially children, will sing and repeat In this way, some advertising sloga
27、ns have become part of everyday speech and we repeat them without realizing that we are unpaid advertisers. 11 When someone is famous or successful in one field, we tend to regard him as an authority in other fields too. 12 When people think of a robin, they will also think of Christmas. 13 If we he
28、ar the name of a product for enough times, the brand name will pop in our mind when we are asked “what brand?“ 14 Most advertisements try to write certain key words that are persuasive and informative, including feelings, associations and attitudes. 15 When a manufacturer considers a brand name for
29、his product he wants it to bring suitable associations. 16 By calling up guilty feelings, the advertisement can achieve its goal of being persuasive. 17 In order to enable the name of their products to be heard by people as often as possible, advertisers would write a jingle or slogan that can be su
30、ng or repeated by people. 18 Words in the ads not only point to the fact, but can affect the beliefs and attitudes of the target audiences. 19 Some advertisement shows a remarkable and immediate effect of the product by contrasting the situation before using it and that follows its use. 20 Coca-Cola
31、 has always reminded consumers of an energetic image. Section C 20 An“apple polisher“ is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe (贿赂 ), but is close to it. All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices just abo
32、ut everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed. There are other phrases meaning the same thing as “apple-polishing“ “soft-soaping“ or “buttering-up“. A gift is just one way to “soft-soap“ somebody, or to “butter
33、him up“. Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderf
34、ul he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it. We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to oursel
35、ves. Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to the endless sickening flattery of his courtiers (朝臣 ). They overpraised him to the sk
36、ies, as a man of limitless might. He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flatte
37、ry. 21 Which of the following activities has nothing to do with “apple-polishing“? （ A） A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks. （ B） An employee tells her boss how good he is at management. （ C） A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers. （ D） A teacher praises her students
38、for their talent and wisdom. 22 What does the writer want to prove with Cromwells example? （ A） Everybody can be an apple-polisher. （ B） Cromwell was not a good apple-polisher. （ C） George Fox and his party were not apple-polishers. （ D） There are people who dont like being apple-polished. 23 Which
39、of the following statements about flattery is true according to the author? （ A） Too much flattery can carry us away. （ B） Flattery is too empty to do people any good. （ C） Flattery can get you nothing but excessive pride. （ D） Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people. 24 King Canute of De
40、nmark and England took his followers to the seashore because _. （ A） he was sick of his normal life （ B） he disliked being overpraised any more （ C） he wanted them to realize how wise he was （ D） he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king 25 The author thinks that flattery can do good to those
41、who _. （ A） are politicians or in high offices （ B） lack confidence （ C） are really excellent （ D） think highly of themselves 25 So many of us hold on to little resentments that may have stemmed from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to
42、 reach out to us believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle (重新激起 ) a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine whose health isnt very good recently told me that she hasnt spoken to her son in almost three years. “Why not?“ I asked. She said that she and her son had h
43、ad a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldnt speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted initially and said, “I cant do that Hes the one who should apologize.“ She was literally willing to die before reaching out to her only son
44、. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, he wins. Whenever we hold on to
45、our anger we turn “small stuff into really “big stuff“ in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be h
46、appy. The way to be happy is to let go and reach out Let other people be right. This doesnt mean that youre wrong. Everything will be fine. Youll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right. Youll also notice that as you reach out and let others be “right“ they w
47、ill become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they dont thats okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly youll be more peaceful yourself. 26 In the sente
48、nce “Stubbornly we wait for someone else to reach out to us.“, the phrase “reach out“ is closest in meaning to_. （ A） offer help （ B） be in pursuit of （ C） offer an apology （ D） offer ones hand 27 According to the passage, the authors friend never spoke to her son for three years because _. （ A） she
49、 had got an argument with her daughter-in-law （ B） she had disagreed about her sons marriage （ C） she had got an argument about her daughter-in-law （ D） she had disliked her sons wife for many years 28 By telling the story about a mother and her son, the author wants us to learn that_. （ A） its fine to be the first one to apologize （ B） his friend is very stubborn （ C） if taking the chance well all win （ D） position is more important than happiness 29 Which of the following is NOT
