1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 252及答案与解析 Section C 0 Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies. But like many cures, this solution has come w
2、ith an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed that half of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure. This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and me
3、dical schools about a problem perhaps best described as “distracted doctoring.“ In response , some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while schools have started reminding medical students to focus on patients instead of devices. “You justify carrying de
4、vices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internet or do Faccbook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting ,“ said Dr. Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochester Medical Center. “My gut feeling (本能的感觉 ) is lives are in danger,“ said Dr. Papadakos. “Were not educating
5、people about the problem, and its getting worse.“ A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded, “Such distract
6、ions have the potential to be disastrous.“ Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs. What has changed, say doctors, especially younger ones, is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devi
7、ces. The pressure stems from a mantra (信条 ) of modern medicine that patient care must be “ data driven,“ and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.
8、 Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology “offers great potential in health care,“ but he added that doctors first priority should be with the patient. 1 Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and other devices? （ A） To reduce medical e
9、rror. （ B） To cope with emergencies. （ C） To facilitate administration. （ D） To simplify medical procedures. 2 What does the author refer to by “distracted doctoring“? （ A） The disservice done by modern devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients. （ B） The tendency of medical institutions encour
10、aging the use of modern devices. （ C） The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients. （ D） The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working. 3 What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about? （ A） Medical students are not adequately trained to use mode
11、rn technology. （ B） Doctors interaction with their devices may endanger patients lives. （ C） Doctors are relying too heavily on modern electronic technology. （ D） Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming. 4 Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modern devices? （ A） Patien
12、ts trust doctors who use modern technology. （ B） Use of modern devices adds to hospitals revenues. （ C） Data is given too much importance in patient care. （ D） Patients data has to be revised from time to time. 5 What is Peter Carmels advice to doctors? （ A） They follow closely the advances in medic
13、al science. （ B） They focus their attention on the patients condition. （ C） They observe hospital rules and regulations. （ D） They make the best use of modern devices. 5 I have closely watched my generation, known as The Millennials, for 29 years now. Joel Stein wrote an extensive piece on Millennia
14、ls and he remains rather optimistic about our potential. I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox (矛盾的现象 ) we seem to exhibit, namely, that there are more avenues for us to entertain ourselves than ever before, yet we are more bored than ever before. Entertainment has never been more va
15、ried. We have more cable channels, television shows, and movies than ever before. Internet providers allow instant viewing of almost any movie or television program ever created. Social drinking and partying are also widely available for Millennials. Every generation develops these habits at a certa
16、in age, but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of life as they postpone marriage. Some of this is undoubtedly due to The Great Recession. Millennials arc having a difficult time finding jobs; only 47 percent of 16-to-24-year-olds are employed, the smallest share since government stared reco
17、rding data in 1948. But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make ends meet? Hardly. In fact, of the four generations Pew Research has data for, the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic( 勤奋工作 ) as distinctive of itself. Millennials want to save th
18、e world, but they sit and wait for that world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. Instead of working 2-3 jobs, launching a business, or doing what it takes to succeed, they retreat. Millennials may be the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents, but with this re
19、sponse to adversity(逆境 ) , perhaps deservingly so. Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out of these youths in the workplace. Largely, they come to the same conclusion: Millennials are entitled, over-confident, and expect too much too quickly. We should not be
20、 surprised. Todays young adults were raised by parents who made sure to boost their self-esteem at every turn, telling them they could achieve whatever they set their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place. 6 What does the author of the passage think of Millennials? （ A） They show litt
21、le interest in entertainment. （ B） They are not confident about their ability. （ C） They enjoy an easy life due to high technology. （ D） They may not have bright prospects for success. 7 How do Millennials feel about their life? （ A） They can hardly do anything about it. （ B） There is little in it t
22、o get excited about. （ C） It is not as good as their parents. （ D） It is full of opportunities for success. 8 In what way are Millennials different from previous generations according to Pew Research? （ A） They spend less time socializing. （ B） They are indifferent to others. （ C） They do not value
23、hard work. （ D） They are more independent. 9 What should Millennials do according to the author? （ A） Remain optimistic in face of adversity. （ B） Start a business as early as possible. （ C） Make full use of new opportunities. （ D） Take action to change their situation. 10 Why are Millennials over-c
24、onfident about themselves? （ A） They have been spoiled by their parents. （ B） They can always get whatever they expect. （ C） They are misguided by management books. （ D） They think they are young and energetic. 10 Children are a delight. They are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of
25、 them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year. Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant
26、 costs more than a tenth of the average married couples income. This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregive
27、rs make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare centers expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices. So whos to blame for higher childcare costs? Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States
28、lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it cant really achieve any economics of scale
29、on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $ 16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged le
30、ss than $5,000. Unfortunately, I dont have all the daycare-center regulations handy. But I wouldnt be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff(交换 )might be worth it in some cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before ch
31、eap service. But certainly, it doesnt seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South. 11 What problem do parents of small kids have to face? （ A） The ever-rising childcare prices. （ B） The budgeting of family expenses. （ C） The balance between work
32、 and family. （ D） The selection of a good daycare center. 12 What does the author feel puzzled about? （ A） Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state. （ B） Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service. （ C） Why childcare workers pay has not increased with the risin
33、g childcare costs. （ D） Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states. 13 What prevents childcare centers from saving money? （ A） Steady increase in labor costs. （ B） Strict government regulations. （ C） Lack of support from the state. （ D） High administrative expens
34、es. 14 Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts? （ A） The overall quality of service is not as good. （ B） Payments for caregivers there are not as high. （ C） Living expenses there are comparatively low. （ D） Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids. 1
35、5 What is the authors view on daycare service? （ A） Caregivers should receive regular professional training. （ B） Less elaborate rules about childcare might lower costs. （ C） It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs. （ D） It is better for different states to learn from each other.
36、 15 Alex Pangs amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer. And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us. When were not online, where we spend four months annually, were engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online. The Di
37、straction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book. Its a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness. A “professional futurist“, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative(沉思的 ) computing.“
38、 He asks that you pay full attention to “how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology.“ Pangs first job is to free you from the common misconception that doing two things at once allows you to get more done. What is commonly called
39、 multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented. Pang doesnt advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (生态的 ) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may b
40、e making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder. “ The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor often for the worse. For architects, computer-aided design has become essential but in some
41、 ways has cheapened the design process. As one architect puts it, “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking.and drawing is a more productive way of thinking“ than computer-aided design. Somewhat less amusing are Pangs solutions for kicking the Internet habit. He recommends the usual behavio
42、r-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking program. Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath(安息日 ) “. “Unless youre a reporter “or emerg
43、ency-department doctor, youll discover that your world doesnt fall apart when you go off-line.“ 16 Alex Pangs new book is aimed for readers who_. （ A） find their work online too stressful （ B） go online mainly for entertainment （ C） are fearful about using the cellphone or computer （ D） can hardly t
44、ear themselves away from the Internet 17 What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book? （ A） Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively. （ B） Warn people of the possible dangers of Internet use. （ C） Predict the trend of future technological development. （ D） Examine the influence of techno
45、logy on the human mind. 18 What is the common view on multitasking? （ A） It enables people to work more efficiently. （ B） It is in a way quite similar to switch-tasking. （ C） It makes peoples work and life even harder. （ D） It distracts peoples attention from useful work. 19 What does the author thi
46、nk of computer-aided design? （ A） It considerably cuts down the cost of building design. （ B） It somewhat restrains architects productive thinking. （ C） It is indispensable in architects work process. （ D） It can free architects from laborious drawing. 20 What is Ales Pangs recommendation for Intern
47、et users? （ A） They use the Internet as little as possible. （ B） They keep a record of their computer use time. （ C） They exercise self-control over their time online. （ D） They entertain themselves online on off-days only. 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 252答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【
48、正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 15 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 16 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 17 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 18 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 19 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 20 【正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读
