1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 Section C 0 Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge(大杂烩 )of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling“ study published by Consumers International Friday. Among the report s more outrageous(耸人听闻的 )findings, a German
2、fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly“, a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting“ and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier“. The study was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council(NCC)for lobby group Consumer International. It was funde
3、d by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission. “While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,“ said Consumers International director Anna Fi
4、elder. The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average. The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent
5、(洗涤剂 )insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization(ISO)in September, 1999. Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too va
6、gue or too misleading to meet ISO standards. “Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,“ said report researcher Philip Page. “Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners w
7、ere second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.“ he said. The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “e
8、nvironmentally friendly“ and “non-polluting“ cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.“ said Page. 1 According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that_. （ A） all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
9、 （ B） the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving （ C） consumers would believe many of the manufactures claim （ D） few products actually prove to be environment friendly 2 As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers_. （ A） are becoming more cautious about the
10、 products they are going to buy （ B） are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling （ C） are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment （ D） still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment 3 A study was carried out by
11、 Britain s NCC to_. （ A） find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards （ B） inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy （ C） examine claims made by products against ISO standards （ D） revise the guidelines set by the International Standa
12、rds Organization 4 What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products? （ A） They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems. （ B） Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false. （ C） They could arouse widespread anger among consumer. （ D） Consumers
13、 will be tempted to buy products they dont need. 5 It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to_. （ A） make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements （ B） see all household products meet environmental standards （ C） warn consumers of the danger of so-calle
14、d green products （ D） verify the efforts of non-polluting products 5 About 2 percent of American students are now taught at home. Educators are confused about how this growing practice should be regulated, and also wonder whether children who are not fully registered in school should get some public
15、 services. The issue shows how dim the line between public and private education can become, even when that private education is delivered at home. Probably about half the parents who teach at home are religiously motivated and use lessons by mail(or Internet)from church schools. Perhaps an addition
16、al fourth have some doubts about public education, think schools are unsafe or the fact that their children have special needs that regular schools dont meet. In some cases, parents home-school to escape compulsory(义务的 )education; they do least teaching while having older children care for younger s
17、isters or brothers or work in home businesses. Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or monitor parents who say they are home-schooling. With growing frequency, however, public schools offer services to the home-schooled. Dis
18、tricts may permit them to enroll part time for instance; educators fear that otherwise these children could later return full time with serious academic weaknesses, and in any case some districts wanting to qualify for state aid can benefit from part-timers filling empty seats. Here in Helena, Mary
19、Brown has taught her 12 children at home while manufacturing clothing there in her non-teaching hours. Mrs. Brown says her motive is to give more training in basics, like phonics(发音学 )than public schools offer. Most of her curriculum is from a church school, with tests returned by mail. Two years ag
20、o her seventh child, Andrea, wanting to join regular athletic programs, enrolled at Capital High School. Andrea soon changed her mind and continued home study. But she had liked gym and chorus, so Mrs. Brown asked that she be allowed to continue in them while taking other courses at home. 6 The educ
21、ation experts worry about_. （ A） whether home-schooling affects the general level of education （ B） whether the children studying at home need help （ C） whether family education should be abandoned （ D） whether parents use the right methods to teach children 7 We can know from the passage that_. （ A
22、） half the parents feel doubtful about public education （ B） most parents have religious consideration （ C） some parents want to escape the compulsory education （ D） public schools should not interfere in private education 8 The important problem of home-school education is_. （ A） lack of social act
23、ivities （ B） lack of strict management （ C） inefficiency in study （ D） low teaching quality 9 According to Mrs. Brown, the purpose of teaching her children at home is_. （ A） looking after them by herself （ B） teaching them what they like （ C） helping her to do housework （ D） teaching them more basic
24、s 10 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） no measures can be taken to regulate the home-schooling education （ B） most parents are not satisfied with public education （ C） it is wiser for schools to accept part-time enrollment （ D） the home-schooled have no difference with those in public
25、schools 10 Doris Lessing was born in 1919 in Persia, moving as a child with her family to southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where she stayed in school only to the age of 14. A year after moving to London, she published her first novel in 1950. The Grass Is Singing examines unbridgeable racial conflic
26、t in colonial Africa through the eyes of a white farmer s wife and her black servant. Her literary breakthrough came in 1962 with publication of The Golden Notebook, seen by many, though not necessarily Lessing, as a pioneering work of modern feminism(女权运动 ). A separated study of the mind of the mai
27、n character, Anna Wulf, the novel explores her thoughts about Africa, politics and relationships with men and sex. Lessings themes changed to psychology in her works from the 1960s, and by the 1970s she was extremely interested in the Islamic mystic tradition of Sufism(苏菲教派 ). Her turn toward scienc
28、e fiction with the Canopus series in the early 1980s was not warmly received by traditionalist critics, but she has continued to win new readers and numerous literary awards, including the David Cohen British Literary Prize and the Companion of Honour from the Royal Society of Literature, both in 20
29、01. Following the announcement, the Horace Engdahl told VOA why he was personally so pleased with Lessing s selection. “She is one of the truly great writersof novels, short stories, fiction and non-fiction,“ Engdahl said. “She is one of the few writers who have had the courage to uphold the princip
30、le of equality between the male and female experience, and she has given the impulse(冲动 )to numbers of other women writers. And she is really the mother of a school that is one of the most important in our contemporary literature.“ At 87, Doris Lessing is the oldest Nobel Literature winner since the
31、 first prizes were awarded in 1901. 11 What would be the best title for this passage? （ A） Doris Lessing Writes The Golden Notebook （ B） Doris Lessing, a Pioneer of Modern Feminism written by Doris Lessing （ C） Doris Lessing, winner of Nobel Prize for Literature （ D） Doris Lessing s concern Concerne
32、d About Africa 12 Which of the following statements about Doris Lessing is NOT true? （ A） She received little regular school education. （ B） She is always warmly welcome among critics. （ C） She is the oldest Nobel Literature winner ever. （ D） She wins many awards due to her novel-writing. 13 It can
33、be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） there are only two characters in The Grass is Singing （ B） The Golden Notebook is regarded as Lessing s masterpiece by herself （ C） life in Africa in her early age lays a solid foundation for her writing （ D） Doris Lessing is strongly against traditional cult
34、ure in Africa 14 According to the fourth paragraph,_. （ A） Lessing began to believe in Christ in the 1970s （ B） Lessing s science fiction won readers （ C） Lessing had won two literary medals for her writings （ D） Lessing changed her themes to meet the needs of traditional critics 15 According to the
35、 Horace Engdahl, Lessing wins Nobel Prize mainly because_. （ A） she has rich experience in living in Africa （ B） she is a head master of an important school （ C） she encourages women writers to struggle against men （ D） she makes great contributions to equal rights for women 15 In Britain and other
36、countries, young people sometimes take a “gap year“, a year off between high school and college. This idea never gained a big following in the United States. Recent news reports have suggested that interest may be growing, though there are no official numbers. Charles Deacon is the dean of admission
37、s at Georgetown University in Washington. D.C. He estimates that in the current first-year class of 1,600 students, only about twenty-five decided to take a year off. He says this number has not changed much over the years. Mr. Deacon says the most common reason is to have a chance to travel. But he
38、 says international students may take a gap year to meet requirements at home for military duty. Some high school graduates see a year off as a chance to recover after twelve years of required education. But it can also give students a chance to explore their interests. Students who think they want
39、to be doctors, for example, could learn about the profession by volunteering in a hospital for a year. Many colleges and universities support gap-year projects by permitting students to delay their admission. Experts say students can grow emotionally and intellectually as they work at something they
40、 enjoy. The Harvard admissions office has an essay on its website called “Time Out or Burn Out for the Next Generation.“ It praises the idea of taking time off to step back, think and enjoy gaining life experiences outside the pressure of studies. It also notes that students are sometimes admitted t
41、o Harvard or other colleges in part because they did something unusual with that time. Of course, a gap year is not for everyone. Students might miss their friends who go on directly to college. And parents might worry that their children will decide not to go to college once they take time off. Ano
42、ther concern is money. A year off, away from home, can be costly. 16 The underlined word “it“ in Paragraph 4 refers to_. （ A） required education （ B） university study （ C） a year off （ D） military duty 17 Some high school graduates take a year off for the following reasons except that_. （ A） they us
43、e the time to explore professional interests （ B） they see a “gap year“ as a chance to recover after high school （ C） they may meet requirements at home for military duty （ D） they want to earn tuition for the university study by themselves 18 According to Charles Deacon, most of the students choose
44、 to have a gap year so that they can_. （ A） travel （ B） make money （ C） gain professional skills （ D） recover from high school 19 What s the attitude of Harvard towards the idea of “a gap year“? （ A） Approving. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Doubtful. （ D） Opposed. 20 How many reasons are mentioned that contribute to the unpopularity of a “gap year“ in America? （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 38答案与解析
