1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 46及答案与解析 Section C 0 In a survey conducted by research firm Harris Interactive, 71% of Americans said that spending extra money on travel during the holiday season is worthwhile so long as it affords them time with family and friends. But just because traveling may be the right th
2、ing to do, that doesnt mean it has to be the expensive thing to do. Traveling involves many hidden costs that, once youre aware of them, are easy to spot and even easier to eliminate. To start, consider transportation fees. For example, if youre driving, fill up the gas tank before traveling on the
3、highway, where its much costlier, says Clarky Davis, a personal finance expert. And make sure your car is in good condition by checking your heating vents, keeping up with routine maintenance and ensuring your tires are properly inflated, all of which help the car achieve favorable fuel economy. Fur
4、thermore, not only does a tow car(救援车 )cause inconvenience; it also means extra costs. For those opting to fly, first, be aware of how much it costs to check a bag. Most airlines are charging for every checked bag by weight, but prices vary from carrier to carrier. If you can manage to pack everythi
5、ng into a carry-on, youll save at least $15. Brooke Ferencsik, a travel expert, suggests considering secondary airports when booking your flight. These airports often are less crowded and frequently offer cheaper tickets. And when it comes to your actual destination, don t assume that hotels are goi
6、ng to cut back on fees simply because theyre desperate to draw customers. “They wont be adding or increasing fees, but they wont be decreasing them either,“ says Ferencsik. The best defense against extra fees is to read about the hotels rates online, before you make a reservation. “Be aware of surch
7、arges for everything from housekeeping to groundskeeping to use of the in-room safe,“ says Ferenesik. Some hotels even install a sensor(传感器 )within the mini bar, charging guests for simply touching the items, let alone eating or drinking them. “From airlines to hotels to rental cars, theyve all got
8、hidden fees you need to be aware of,“ says Ferencsik. “Do your homework and ask questions.“ 1 It is found that 71% of Americans regard it as worthwhile to_. （ A） spend money on souvenirs while traveling with family and friends （ B） accept hidden costs while traveling with family and friends （ C） tra
9、vel with family and friends during the holiday season （ D） travel with family and friends so as to please them 2 How can fuel economy be improved? （ A） By filling up the gas tank off the highway. （ B） By considering transportation fees wisely. （ C） By avoiding the inconvenience of a tow car. （ D） By
10、 keeping your car in good condition. 3 It is advised that everything be packed into a carry-on most probably because a carry-on_. （ A） is usually free of charge （ B） is more convenient than several checked bags （ C） is subject to safety guarantee （ D） is usually of a larger size than checked bags 4
11、When looking for a hotel room, customers usually take it for granted that_. （ A） extra fees are specified in the hotel s rates （ B） online reservation provides the best rates （ C） there is a surcharge for any in-room service （ D） hotels attract customers by reducing fees 5 The article is providing a
12、dvice to_. （ A） spend money wisely （ B） make travelling enjoyable （ C） economize on holidays （ D） avoid hidden cost on a trip 5 Shoppers on Black Friday, the traditional start of the holiday shopping season in America, are notoriously aggressive. Some even start queuing outside stores before dawn to
13、 be the first to lay their hands on heavily discounted merchandise. Despite the frenzy at many stores, however, the recession appears to have accelerated the pace at which shoppers are abandoning bricks and mortar(传统实体商场 )in favor of online retailerse-tailers. So this year Black Friday(so named beca
14、use it is supposed to put shops into profit for the year)also marks the start of many conventional retailers attempts to regain the initiative. E-commerce holds particular appeal in straitened times as it enables people to compare prices across retailers quickly and easily. Buyers can sometimes avoi
15、d local sales taxes online, and shipping is often free. No wonder, then, that online shopping continues to grow even as the offline sort shrinks. The shift in spending to the Internet is good news for companies like P however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest pr
16、iorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have
17、consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing an
18、d Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one primary cause of the po or U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyot
19、a achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job. What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of educ
20、ation even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there
21、time for other things. As education improved, humanity s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a s
22、ufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn t constr
23、ain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn t developing more quickly there than it is. 16 The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of
24、education in poor countries_. （ A） is subject to groundless doubts （ B） has fallen victim to bias （ C） is conventionally downgraded （ D） has been overestimated 17 It is stated that construction of a new education system_. （ A） challenges economists and politicians （ B） takes efforts of generations （
25、 C） demands priority from the government （ D） requires sufficient labor force 18 A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that_. （ A） the Japanese workforce is better disciplined （ B） the Japanese workforce is more productive （ C） the U.S workforce has a better education （ D） th
26、e U.S workforce is more organized 19 The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged_. （ A） when people had enough time （ B） prior to better ways of finding food （ C） when people no longer went hungry （ D） as a result of pressure on government 20 According to the last p
27、aragraph, development of education_. （ A） results directly from competitive environments （ B） does not depend on economic performance （ C） follows improved productivity （ D） cannot afford political changes 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 46答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第一段开头指出 71 of America
28、ns said that spending extramoney on travel during the holiday season is worthwhile-so long as it affords them timewith family and friends即 71的美国人 认为花钱去假期旅游是值得的 只要能让他们有时间和朋友家人在一起。故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。 短文第二段第三句提到 And make sure your car is in goodcondition byall of which help the c
29、ar achieve favorable fuel economy 由此可知使汽车省油的办法就是确保你的车处于良好状态。故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第三段指出 If you can manage to pack everything into acarry-on， youll save at least $15即如果你能够将所有东西都打包到一个手提箱里，你就能节省至少 15美元。由此可推断，手提行李很可能不需要花钱托运，所以选 A。其他三个选项都与省钱无关，故排除。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文
30、第四段第一句指出 dont assume that hotels are going to cutback on fees simply because theyre desperate to draw customers即不要以为酒店为吸引顾客就降低入住价格。故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 主旨题。通读全文可知，作者主要讲述如何避免旅途中的隐形收费。因此答案选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。 短文第一段倒数第二句指出 the recession appears to haveaccel
31、erated the pace at which shoppers are abandoning bricks and mortarin favor ofonline retailers-e-tailers即零售业衰退的步伐加快这是因为购物者放弃传统实体商店。偏向于网上购物。故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第二段指出 as it enables people to compare p rices acrossretailers quickly and easily Buyers can sometimes avoid local sale
32、s taxes online， andshipping is often free即网上购物可以使消费者更快捷容易地比较价格而且有时还可以免税费和邮费。由此可知，答案为 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推断题。根据第三段中 conventional retailers are in a better position tofight back than last year 即与去年相比，传统零售商在竞争中占据了一个更好的位置。由此可知选项 A正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。 短文第四段倒数第二句指出 One comm
33、on tactic is to set up“pop-up”stores， which appear for a short time before vanishing again， to foster a senseof novelty and urgency可知建立 “pop-up”stores是为了增加顾客的新鲜感和购物紧迫感。故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。作者在短文最后指 出 The idea is to bring people back to its shopsregularly， increasing the likelihoo
34、d that they will develop the habit of shopping there即这种想法就是为了招揽回头客，最终目的还是增加乐器的销售。故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 词汇题。通过联系上下文，可知 these developments指 的是第一段的内容：即针对用动物做试验的抗议活动在英国出现了新的令人害怕的发展迹象有人试图通过恐怖手段来谋害科学家。故选项 A正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 词汇题。短文第二段最后一句指出 The professional pol
35、ice will similarly beconfronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack即警察同样也面临着大海捞针的困难。故选项 B正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 词汇题。 由题干可定位至第三段第二句，分析句子语法结构及理解句子意思可知此处的 they指的是 all the organizations that exist with the declared aims ofsafeguarding the interests of animals即动物保护组织。故选项 B正
36、确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨题。短文第一、二段指出有人为抗议利用动物做 试验而对科学家采取恐怖活动这一问题，在第三段指出研究人员要加强自我保护，其中一项措施就是 that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts ofviolence against human beings即要求动物保护组织明确表态不参与暴力活动由此可看出作者写作的目的是要求动物保护组织放弃暴力活动。故选项 B正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 15 【正确答案】 D
37、【试题解析 】 细节题。短文第三段开头指出 That is why the intellectual community inBritain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense There are several stepsmat can be taken，即作者认为研究人员要加强自我保护，采取有效措施。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第一段中 间部分指出 the conventional view that educationshou
38、ld be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic developmentin poor countries is wrong即传统观点认为：在贫穷国家，教育是促进经济快速发展的重要因素之一。这种观点是错误的。由此可知，作者认为，在贫穷国家，教育的重要性被高估了。故答案为 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第一段指出 because new educational systems there and puttingenough people through th
39、em to improve economic performance would require two orthree generations由此可知。作者认为建立一个新的教育系统会花费两到三代人的努力。故答案为 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第二段指 出 Japan was， and remains， the global leader inautomotive assembly productivity Yet the research revealed that the U S factories ofHonda， Nissan， an
40、d Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of theirJapanese counterpansa result of the training that U S workers received on the job即在全球，不管过去还是现在，日本一直是汽车组装生产力的领袖。然而，研究表明本田、尼桑和丰田位于美国工厂的生产率大约是日本同行的 95，这是美国工人接受在职培训的结果。这说明日本工人的生产劳动率更高，所以选项 B正确。根据 The U S workforce was derided as poody educat
41、ed 可排除选项 C：选项 A、 D在文中没有提及，故也可排除。所以选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题 解析】 推断题。短文第三段最后一句指出 Only when humanity began to get itsfood in a more productive way was there time for other thing即当人类能够更高效地获取食物时，才有时间做其他的事情。由此可判断出，只有人们不会挨饿了才会有能力去发展教育。故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 20 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。作者在最后一段主要叙述了教育、经济和政治改
42、革的关系。根据第一句 As education improved humanitys productivity potential increased as well即随着教育的进步，人类的生产潜力也增加了，所以选项 C正确。根据 When thecompetitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential， they could inturn afford more education可判断出竞争的环境只是间接地促进教育进步故可排除选项 A；选项 B、 D不符合原 文表述，也可排除。故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读
