1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 73及答案与解析 Section B 0 Universities Branch Out A)As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means o
2、f educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical s
3、tability. B)In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more selfconsciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, off
4、ering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative(合作的 )research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. C)Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the
5、number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from develope
6、d to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at
7、 Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education ab
8、road. D)Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the
9、United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships(实习 )abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it poss
10、ible. E)Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai
11、Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculties, post-doctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with sc
12、ientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, post-doctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team. F)As a re
13、sult of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure(基础设施 )and applications software of the 1990s. The link between universi
14、ty-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of
15、this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. G)For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most
16、politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physic
17、al sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3
18、 percent per year. H)American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well
19、below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American univer
20、sity and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. I)Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but m
21、any fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and like immigrants throughout
22、history strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting
23、 peace and stability as welcoming international university students. 1 In China, many newly hired members at good research universities received their graduate education abroad recently. 2 Most Americans worry that the enrollment of international students will threaten its competitiveness. 3 The num
24、ber of foreign students applying to Australia has surged after September 11 due to changes in the visa process in the US. 4 From 1975 to 2004, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. 5 In the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-bas
25、ed science and industrial application. 6 The way research done in universities has changed due to globalization. 7 When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries. 8 Nowadays, universities have become a powerful force for global integration. 9 Most p
26、oliticians recognize investment in science can improve national economic strength, but their funding for research has been unsteady for years. 10 American universities provide their undergraduates chances to study abroad for international study. 10 Hollywood Forsakes History for Events A)Oprah Winfr
27、ey calls Beloved the black equivalent of Schindlers List. To be sure, every ethnic group has a right, and perhaps even a duty, to protect its painful history onto the silver screen. If white southerners of generations past were entitled to Birth of Nation and Gone with the Wind,then surely the black
28、 experience in the South can be told in film, too, from Cabin in the Sky to Rosewood. B)Once upon a time,Hollywood recreated history with regularity;wizened character actor George Arliss made a career in anachronistic costume,playing everyone from Benjamin Disraeli to Cardinal Richelieu to Baron Rot
29、hschild. But,today, studio-nomics cuts against routinized Hollywood historicism. So instead filmgoers get “event“ histories,from Titanic to Saving Private Ryan. The blitz for Beloved,which opened Friday, includes Oprah on a dozen magazine covers. C)The tagline of the film, “The past has a life of it
30、s own,“ is a southern Gothicism that echoes the grand master of that genre, William Faulkner, who famously observed, “The past is not dead. In fact, it is not even past.“ D)Beloved is based on the true story of a black woman who tried to kill her children rather than see them returned to slavery. An
31、d while the film, drawn from Toni Morrisons novel, strives toward what the historian Thomas Carlyle called “the inner fact of things,“ its magical-realist Anne Riceish dimension undercuts its moral impact. E)But the bigger problem Beloved will face is its emphasis on victimization. And, while every
32、tragedy is worth telling, perhaps, if the tale is tragic and only that, its audience will be limited. Indeed, sometimes bleak sadness is crowded out by even bleaker sadness, leaving some genocides little noted, as in Armenia and, today, Rwanda. F)Closer to home, the recent murder of Matthew Shepard,
33、 a gay college student in Laramie, Who, reminds us that new tragedies are always in the making. G)If brutality is the norm in human history, then whats most dramatically compelling are chronicles of men and women who rise above the iniquity around them. That explains why the 1989 movie Glory, in whi
34、ch Denzel Washington won an Oscar for his portrayal of black soldier fighting for Union and Emancipation in the Civil War, has achieved such resonance. H)Of course, one might conclude from the movie that Morrisons real target is not so much slavery as it is masculinity. The men in the film, black an
35、d white, are either irrelevant or irredeemably evil, so infamous that they would suck the milk out of a woman s breasts to deprive her children of sustenance. When a male character tells Winfrey, “I never mistreated a woman in my life,“ she snaps back: “Well, that makesoneof you.“ I)As a group, wome
36、n deserve their place in the cinematic sun, but the unmistakable message of Beloved and for that matter, Morrisons other work is not the promise of harmony, but rather the persistence, even the permanence, of male-female inequality. And so Beloved may not be a work of historical memory at all, but r
37、ather yet another salvo in the continuing culture war that rages today. 11 The story in Beloved came from a fact about a black woman. 12 In 1989, Denzel Washington won an Oscar for his outstanding performance as a brave in Glory. 13 What is shown obviously in Beloved is the permanent inequality betw
38、een male and female. 14 To each human race, it is the right and responsibility to protect its miserable history onto the silver screen. 15 It can be concluded from Beloved that the authors genuine target is masculinity. 16 Stories about men and women who fight for the iniquity around them are most c
39、ompelling. 17 Beloved, adapted from a novel, tries to get an access into the spiritual dimension. 18 If a story is nothing noteworthy but a tragedy, there will not be too many audiences. 19 Beloved reveals a long-drawn culture war rather than the history. 20 In the past Hollywood routinized the hist
40、ory, but now it doesn t. 20 Caring for Elderly Parents Catches Many Unprepared A)Last July, Julie Baldocchis mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,“ says Baldocc
41、hi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn t willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Ba
42、ldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,“ she says. “But I didnt even know how to find help.“ B)With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventu
43、ally hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you re never ready for the emotional impact,“ Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family care-giving for
44、an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared. C)While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The direct
45、ive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another s behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a livin
46、g will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care.(For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.)“It s invaluable for the kids, because it s hard to make those decisions for a parent,“ says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona i
47、n Melville, N. Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed t
48、he parents legal guardian, says AgingC. D)Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents,preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a care-giving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of th
49、eir childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, g
