1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 1002及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Grammar or Communication. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below： 1英语教学中出现了重交际轻语法的现象 2这一现 象发生的原因及其后果 3我的看法 Grammar or Communication 二、 Part
2、II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N
3、(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Happiness and Sadness Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feelings for human beings. Recently, people have achieved further understanding
4、 about them. Happiness University of Illinois, psychologist Ed Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, was in Scotland recently, explaining to members of Parliament and business leaders the value of increasing traditional measures of a countrys wealth with a national index of happin
5、ess. Such an index would measure policies known to increase people s sense of well-being, such as democratic freedoms, access to health care and the rule of law. Eric Wilson tried to get with the program. Urged on by friends, he bought books on how to become happier. He made every effort to smooth o
6、ut his habitual worried look and wear a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to genuinely happy feelings. Wilson, a professor of English at Wake Forest University, took up jogging, reputed to boost the brains supply of joyful neuro-chemicals, and began his conversations with “Great!“ and “
7、Wonderful!“, the better to exercise his capacity for enthusiasm. However, some scientists are releasing the most-extensive-ever study comparing moderate and extreme levels of happiness, and finding that being happier is not always better. In surveys of 118 519 people from 96 countries, scientists ex
8、amined how various levels of subjective well-being matched up with income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships. They also analyzed how different levels of happiness, as reported by college students, correlated with various outcomes. Even allowing for impr
9、ecision in peoples self-reported sense of well-being, the results were unambiguous. The highest levels of happiness go along with the most stable, longest and most contented relationships. That is, even a little discontent with your partner can cause you to look around for someone better, until you
10、are at best a serial monogamist(一夫一妻论者 )and at worst never in a loving, stable relationship. Nevertheless, “once a moderate level of happiness is achieved, further increases can sometimes be harmful to income, career success, education and political participation“, Diener and colleagues write in the
11、 journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. On a scale from 1 to 10, where 10s is extremely happy, 8s is more successful than 9s and 10s, getting more education and earning more. That probably reflects the fact that people who are somewhat discontent, but not so depressed as to be paralyzed, are
12、 more motivated to improve both their own lot(thus driving themselves to acquire more education and seek ever-more-challenging jobs)and the lot of their community(causing them to participate more in civic and political life). In contrast, people at the top of the jolliness charts feel no such urgenc
13、y. “If youre totally satisfied with your life and with how things are going in the world,“ says Diener, “you dont feel very motivated to work for change. Be wary when people tell you that you should be happier.“ Sadness The drawbacks of constant, extreme happiness should not be surprising, since neg
14、ative emotions evolved for a reason. Fear tips us off to the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our biological inheritance. Wilson argues that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. He also asserts that “the happy man is a
15、 hollow man,“ but he is hardly the first scholar to see melancholia(忧郁症 )as inspiration. A classical Greek text, possibly written by Aristotle, asks, “Why is it that all those who have become outstanding in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clearly melancholic?“ Wilsons answer is that
16、 “the blues can be a catalyst(催化剂 )for a special kind of genius, a genius for exploring dark boundaries between opposites. “ The ever-restless, the chronically discontent, are dissatisfied with the status quo, be it in art or literature or politics. For all their familiarity, these arguments are nev
17、ertheless being crushed by the happiness movement. Last August, the novelist Mary Gordon lamented to The New York Times that “among writers. what is absolutely not allowable is sadness. People will do anything rather than to acknowledge that they are sad.“ And, Jess Decourcy Hinds, an English teache
18、r, recounted how, after her father died, friends pressed her to distract herself from her profound sadness and sense of loss. “Why dont people accept that after a parents death, there will be years of grief?“ she wrote. “Everyone wants mourners to snap out of it because observing anothers distress i
19、snt easy. “ Its hard to say exactly when ordinary Americans, no less than psychiatrists(精神病学家 ), began insisting that sadness is pathological(病态的 ). But by the end of the millennium that attitude was well established. In 1999, Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway 50 years after
20、 its premiere. A reporter asked two psychiatrists to read the script. Their diagnosis: Willy Loman was suffering from clinical depression, a pathological condition that could and should be treated with drugs. Miller was appalled. “Loman is not a depressive,“ he told The New York Times. “He is weighe
21、d down by life. There are social reasons for why he is where he is.“ What society once viewed as an appropriate reaction to failed hopes and dashed dreams, it now regards as a psychiatric illness. As NYUs Wakefield and Allan Horwitz of Rutgers University point out in The Loss of Sadness, this messag
22、e has its roots in the bible of mental illness, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its definition of a “major depressive episode“ is remarkably broad. You must experience five not-uncommon symptoms, such as insomnia(失眠 ), difficulty concentrating and feeling sad or empty, for
23、 two weeks; the symptoms must cause distress or impairment, and they cannot be due to the death of a loved one. Anyone meeting these criteria is supposed to be treated. When someone is appropriately sad, friends and colleagues offer support and sympathy. But by labeling appropriate sadness pathologi
24、cal, “we have attached a stigma to being sad,“ says Wakefield, “with the result that depression tends to elicit hostility and rejection“ with an undercurrent of “Get over it; take a pill. “ The normal range of human emotion is not being tolerated. “We dont know how drugs react with normal sadness an
25、d its functions, such as reconstituting your life out of the pain,“ says Wakefield. Those psychiatrists also express doubts to medicalise the sadness. 2 According to Ed Diener, which of the following can be measured by the index of happiness? （ A） The standard of morality. （ B） The freedom of speech
26、. （ C） The sense of well-being. （ D） The access to health care. 3 In order to be happy, Wilson tried many ways such as_. （ A） borrowing books on how to become happier （ B） trying to keep a sunny smile （ C） starting his conversations with “Hello!“ （ D） trying to have a good rest 4 Who have the highes
27、t levels of happiness according to the survey in 96 countries? （ A） People with the most wealth. （ B） People with the best health. （ C） People with the highest position. （ D） People with the most stable relationship. 5 According to Dieners statements in Perspectives on Psychological Science, the per
28、son with a moderate level of happiness will get_. （ A） more education （ B） moderate success （ C） less earning （ D） more reputation 6 According to Diener, why do those people with the highest levels of happiness have less motivation to move ahead? （ A） Because they have spent all their time pursuing
29、happiness. （ B） Because they dont allow their work to affect their feeling of happiness. （ C） Because they are too satisfied with happiness they have owned. （ D） Because they do not like people to tell them to be happier. 7 Which of the following is the possible answer to the question set by Aristot
30、le in Wilsons opinion? （ A） The sadness can make one stronger. （ B） The sadness can make one intelligent. （ C） The sadness can force one to think more deeply. （ D） The sadness can make one more depressed. 8 After the death of Jess Hinds father, her friends tried to help her out of_. （ A） working pre
31、ssure （ B） emotional trouble （ C） economic pressure （ D） marriage problem 9 Willy Loman, the character in Death of a Salesman, was diagnosed by two psychiatrists to get suffering from_. 10 One experiencing a “major depressive episode“ has to experience five not-uncommon symptoms for a period of_. 11
32、 When someone is in bad mood, his friends and colleagues should give him_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the ques
33、tions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She prefers to live in a new house. （ B） She has just bought a new house. （ C） She likes to have someone wait fo
34、r her. （ D） She feels pleasant to have a roommate. （ A） Find a key for the woman. （ B） Ask the woman to come back later. （ C） Take the exam for the woman. （ D） Try to find the womans notebook. （ A） Hire someone to fix the washing machine. （ B） Use the washing machines in the gym. （ C） Notify the mai
35、ntenance people to fix the machine. （ D） Ask someone in his dormitory to wash his clothes. （ A） It is very boring. （ B） It is very interesting. （ C） It is a waste of time. （ D） It is his responsibility. （ A） They communicate with each other mainly by e-mails. （ B） They communicate with each other by
36、 cell phones more. （ C） They didnt have their own cell phones in the past. （ D） They have their own choices of ways to communicate with each other. （ A） He is sure to quit his job. （ B） He is a changeable person. （ C） He may not change his job. （ D） He likes telling jokes. （ A） There was no electric
37、ity in his area. （ B） The game wasnt shown in his area. （ C） He didnt want to watch the game. （ D） He didnt have a TV. （ A） On campus. （ B） At a gallery. （ C） In a bookstore. （ D） At a grocery store. （ A） Swimming and jogging. （ B） Jogging and weight-lifting. （ C） Weight-lifting and swimming. （ D） J
38、ogging only. （ A） She does the jogging every day. （ B） She only eats bread in the morning. （ C） She goes out jogging in the evening. （ D） She often runs with lots of food in the stomach. （ A） Set an alarm clock so that she can get up early in the morning. （ B） Read more about jogging before she make
39、s any changes. （ C） Go to a fitness center and register for some courses. （ D） Find an expert and get some professional opinion. （ A） English beginners. （ B） Low-intermediate English learners. （ C） High-intermediate English learners. （ D） Advanced English learners. （ A） Words that you are eager to l
40、earn. （ B） Words that you find difficult to understand. （ C） Words that you understand but seldom use. （ D） Words that you often use in speech and writing. （ A） It is totally useless to have a very large passive vocabulary. （ B） Ones passive vocabulary is larger than his active vocabulary. （ C） Ther
41、e are thousands of words we dont understand at all. （ D） People need to guess the meaning of many difficult words. （ A） It is important to have a very large English vocabulary. （ B） Active vocabulary is more important than passive vocabulary. （ C） Active vocabulary is not enough to express our meani
42、ng. （ D） It is unnecessary to worry about using too few English words. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must cho
43、ose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They cant lose weight. （ B） They can lose weight by cutting calorics or exercising. （ C） They really cant keep the weight off. （ D） They should be on a diet to lose weight. （ A） Senior people are less likely to gain weight. （ B） Se
44、nior people are more likely to gain weight. （ C） Once people get fat, they will suffer various problems. （ D） Once people get fat. they gain weight steadily. （ A） It may have a negative influence. （ B） It plays a very significant role. （ C） It is meaningless. （ D） It can have a positive impact. （ A）
45、 School education is incomparable. （ B） Private schools are slightly better than public schools. （ C） Home education is apparently better. （ D） It depends on various factors. （ A） It requires a lot of time. （ B） It does not necessarily need more time. （ C） It asks for much more energy. （ D） It may c
46、ause a lot of trouble. （ A） Helpful. （ B） Beneficial. （ C） Meaningful. （ D） Pointless. （ A） Potential of the school. （ B） Making more money in the future. （ C） Popularity of the school. （ D） Their own state of mind. （ A） To develop themselves. （ B） To get a higher degree. （ C） To become a successful
47、 businessman. （ D） To make more money. （ A） Economics. （ B） Business. （ C） History. （ D） English. （ A） Degrees in economics. （ B） Added effort. （ C） Medical schools. （ D） Law schools. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first t
48、ime, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For thes
49、e blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Humans are social animals, and most of us treasure our relationships with family and friends. An【 B1】 _line of research suggests that relationships can keep us healthier. And a new study finds that those social【 B2】 _ may also help us live longer. This new study【 B3】 _ a large number of previous studies and concluded that a lack of social interactions ranks right up with smoking, obesity, and 【 B4】_
