1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 1013及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Waste Sorting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1日前，一些城市开始推行垃圾分类 2垃圾分类的重要性 3为此，我们应该 The Importance of Waste Sorting
2、 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the pa
3、ssage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Global Warming Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are drying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. Its becoming clear
4、that humans have caused most of the past centurys warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than in the last 650,000 years. We call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earths climate, o
5、r long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. As the Earth spins each day, the new heat swirls(旋转 )with it, picking up moisture over the oceans, rising here, settling there. Its changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely upon. What will we do to slow th
6、is warming? How will we cope with the changes weve already set into motion? While we struggle to figure it all out, the face of the Earth as we know itcoasts, forests, farms and snow-capped mountainshangs in the balance. Greenhouse Effect The “greenhouse effect“ is the warming that happens when cert
7、ain gases in Earths atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse. First, sunlight shines onto the Earths surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse“ gases trap so
8、me of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped. Scientists have known about the greenhouse effect since 1824, when Joseph Fourier calculated that the Earth would be much colder if it had no atmosphere. This greenhouse eff
9、ect is what keeps the Earths climate livable. Without it, the Earths surface would be an average of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit cooler. In 1895, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius discovered that humans could enhance the greenhouse effect by making carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. He kicked off 1
10、00 years of climate research that has given us a sophisticated understanding of global warming. Levels of greenhouse gases(GHGs)have gone up and down over the Earths history, but they have been fairly constant for the past few thousand years. Global average temperatures have stayed fairly constant o
11、ver that time as well, until recently. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other GHG emissions, humans are enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming Earth. Scientists often use the term “ climate change“ instead of global warming. This is because as the Earths average temperature climbs, winds
12、 and ocean currents move heat around the globe in ways that can cool some areas, warm others, and change the amount of rain and snow falling. As a result, the climate changes differently in different areas. Arent temperature changes natural? The average global temperature and concentrations of carbo
13、n dioxide(one of the major greenhouse gases)have fluctuated on a cycle of hundreds of thousands of years as the Earths position relative to the sun has varied. As a result, ice ages have come and gone. However, for thousands of years now, emissions of GHGs to the atmosphere have been balanced out by
14、 GHGs that are naturally absorbed. As a result, GHG concentrations and temperature have been fairly stable. This stability has allowed human civilization to develop within a consistent climate. Occasionally, other factors briefly influence global temperatures. Volcanic eruptions, for example, emit p
15、articles that temporarily cool the Earths surface. But these have no lasting effect beyond a few years. Other cycles, such as El Nino, also work on fairly short and predictable cycles. Now, humans have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by more than a third since the industrial
16、 revolution. Changes this large have historically taken thousands of years, but are now happening over the course of decades. Why is this a concern? The rapid rise in greenhouse gases is a problem because it is changing the climate faster than some living things may be able to adapt. Also, a new and
17、 more unpredictable climate poses unique challenges to all life. Historically, Earths climate has regularly shifted back and forth between temperatures like those we see today and temperatures cold enough that large sheets of ice covered much of North America and Europe. The difference between avera
18、ge global temperatures today and during those ice ages is only about 5 degrees Celsius(9 degrees Fahrenheit), and these swings happen slowly, over hundreds of thousands of years. Now, with concentrations of greenhouse gases rising, Earths remaining ice sheets(such as Greenland and Antarctica)are sta
19、rting to melt too. The extra water could potentially raise sea levels significantly. As the mercury(水银 )rises, the climate can change in unexpected ways. In addition to sea levels rising, weather can become more extreme. This means more intense major storms, more rain followed by longer and drier dr
20、oughts(a challenge for growing crops), changes in the ranges in which plants and animals can live, and loss of water supplies that have historically come from glaciers. Scientists are already seeing some of these changes occurring more quickly than they had expected. According to the Intergovernment
21、al Panel on Climate Change, eleven of the twelve hottest years since thermometer(温度计 )readings became available occurred between 1995 and 2006. Effects of Global Warming The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole, and everywhere in between. Globally, the mercury is already up more than 1 d
22、egree Fahrenheit(0. 8 degree Celsius), and even more in sensitive polar regions. And the effects of rising temperatures arent waiting for some far-flung(遥远的 )future. Theyre happening right now. Signs are appearing all over, and some of them are surprising. The heat is not only melting glaciers and s
23、ea ice, its also shifting precipitation(降水 )patterns and setting animals on the move. Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening. Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earths poles. This includes mountain glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arc
24、tic sea ice. Researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adelie penguins on Antarctica, where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years. Sea level rise became faster over the last century. Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine(高山的 )plants have moved farther n
25、orth or to higher, cooler areas. Precipitation(rain and snowfall)has increased across the globe, on average. Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska thanks to 20 years of warm summers. The insects have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees. 2 What is another name for greenhouse gases? （ A） Fos
26、sil-burning gases. （ B） Concentration gases. （ C） Heat-trapping gases. （ D） Carbon-trapping gases. 3 According to Svante Arrhenius, what could cause greenhouse effect? （ A） Carbon dioxide. （ B） Automobile exhaust. （ C） Water vapor. （ D） Methane. 4 Which of the following factors has no effect on glob
27、al temperatures? （ A） El Nino. （ B） Volcanic eruptions. （ C） Greenhouse effect. （ D） Butterfly effect. 5 The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has risen by_since industrial revolution. （ A） over 1/3 （ B） over 1/2 （ C） over 1/4 （ D） over 2/3 6 How much do the average global temperatures
28、of today and those of ice ages differ? （ A） About 5 degrees Celsius. （ B） About 9 degrees Celsius. （ C） About 15 degrees Celsius. （ D） About 19 degrees Celsius. 7 With the rise of the mercury in the atmosphere, what will possibly happen? （ A） The extinction of some species. （ B） The shortage of wate
29、r supplies. （ C） The increase of life expectancy. （ D） The distance of neighborhood. 8 Which of the following is one of the hottest years since there was thermometer? （ A） 1992. （ B） 1994. （ C） 2005. （ D） 2008 9 Since the term “global warming“ is not accurate to describe the greenhouse effect, scien
30、tists would rather use the term_. 10 The heat in the atmosphere melts glaciers and sea ice, as well as changes precipitation patterns and_. 11 Global warming changes the animals habitats intensely so that some butterflies and foxes have migrated to_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will h
31、ear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
32、marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He gives up smoking. （ B） He is fired by his boss. （ C） He is under economic crisis. （ D） He cannot have a holiday. （ A） The company is far away from his home. （ B） The working hours are not convenient. （ C） The job is not well paid. （
33、D） He has to do a lot of traveling. （ A） How to select fruits. （ B） How to keep healthy. （ C） How to have a good sleep. （ D） How to protect the skin. （ A） Shift the phone to the technical department. （ B） Help the man repair the computer over the phone. （ C） Teach the man how to connect the Internet
34、. （ D） Go to the technical department for help. （ A） Linda likes drinking tea. （ B） Kevin doesnt fit Linda. （ C） He doesnt like Kevin. （ D） Linda should stay with him. （ A） She felt very cold because of the weather. （ B） She sent the two boys to the hospital. （ C） She was frightened by the accident
35、scene. （ D） She went to help the injured immediately. （ A） She is really cute. （ B） She is still young. （ C） She seems sincere. （ D） She likes smiling. （ A） The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car. （ B） The man is working in a car company on intelligent cars. （ C） Driving to work is really
36、a headache. （ D） Cars that drive themselves may be produced in the near future. （ A） There is heavy traffic. （ B） She cannot find the place. （ C） The train arrives late. （ D） She has to wait for the man. （ A） They prevent from traffic jam. （ B） They make travel convenient. （ C） They improve the serv
37、ice standard. （ D） They design terrific schedules. （ A） Reading a book. （ B） Listening to music. （ C） Sleeping for a while. （ D） Chatting with others （ A） She thinks she has done a great job to get the award. （ B） She attributes the award to the diligent people around. （ C） She thinks the award shou
38、ld go to the real hero. （ D） She accepts the award without hesitation. （ A） The place they lived in was stricken by a storm. （ B） They went out to get more work opportunities. （ C） They went to seek their luck to become heroes. （ D） They wanted to move to new places. （ A） They have already made grea
39、t progress. （ B） There is still a lot of work needed to be done. （ C） They have already done enough for their life. （ D） There is only a step away from complete success. （ A） Excited. （ B） Strange. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Anxious. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.
40、 At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The career relevant question. （ B） The personal question. （ C） What you
41、like most. （ D） What you usually do. （ A） Your first job after college graduation. （ B） Your abilities matching the new job. （ C） Your ability to catch opportunities. （ D） Your progress in the previous jobs. （ A） Displaying your excitement about the job. （ B） Expressing your thankfulness to the mana
42、ger. （ C） Showing your qualification for the job. （ D） Demonstrating your interest in the job. （ A） Reading textbooks. （ B） Appreciating photos. （ C） Meeting the boss. （ D） Using cell phone. （ A） Offering discount to attract more customers to eat there. （ B） Offering discount to make customers put t
43、heir phone aside. （ C） Trying to create a home environment at the restaurant. （ D） Forcing the customers not to use their phones in the restaurant. （ A） They are pleased to accept it in the beginning. （ B） They enjoy the environment and the discount at last. （ C） The offer turns out to be totally a
44、failure. （ D） They like the offer but not the environment. （ A） He suffered from severe financial hardship. （ B） He was attracted by “Great American Dream“. （ C） His family business in Austria was bankrupt. （ D） He wanted to escape from Great Depression. （ A） How “Great American Dream“ is broken. （
45、B） Fierce competition in the workplace. （ C） Worship on money and social status. （ D） The cruel business world under the American system. （ A） Because he is burdened with debts. （ B） Because he gets into trouble with work. （ C） Because he cant accept his failure. （ D） Because he is fired by the comp
46、any. （ A） He suffered from heart failure and died. （ B） He won three awards after his death. （ C） His plays were written based on his own life. （ D） He was a victim of the American system. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the fi
47、rst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For
48、 these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 It is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up his specific inventions. Actually, his name is【 B1】 _with more than that. He did not merely make the lamp and the【 B2】 _ devices practicable fo
49、r general use but【 B3】 _the power of applied science so concretely, so understandably, so【 B4】 _that he altered the mentality of mankind. Because of Edison, more than of any other man, scientific research has an【 B5】 _ place in our society; because of the demonstrations he made, the money of the【 B6】 _ and stockholders has become available for studies, the nature of which they do not often understand, though they【 B7】 _ their value and anticipate their ultimate【 B8】 _
