1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 106及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 现在校园里使用手机的现象普遍； 2校园里使用手机有哪些好处和弊端； 3在校园里应该正确使用手机。 Use of Mobile Phones on Campus 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer
2、the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 The Skys L
3、imit Air travel is a rapidly growing source of greenhouse gases. But it is also an indispensable way of travel. The new A380 The double-decker A380, the biggest airliner the world has seen, landed at Heathrow last month to test whether Londons main airport could handle the new 550-seater, due to ent
4、er commercial service at the end of this year. It was a proud moment for Britains Rolls-Royce, the makers of the aircrafts Trent 900 engines. Rolls-Royce says the four Trents on the A380 are as clean and efficient as any jet engine, and produce “as much power as 3,500 family cars“. A simple calculat
5、ion shows that the equivalent of more than six cars is needed to fly each passenger. Take the calculation further: flying a fully laden A380 is, in terms of energy, like a 14km (nine-mile) queue of traffic on the road below. And that is just one aircraft. In 20 years, Airbus reckons, 1,500 such plan
6、es will be in the air. By then, the total number of airliners is expected to have doubled, to 22,000. The huge airplane alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide (CO2) at the same rate as 5 million cars. That may not seem much compared with the 60 million vehicles that pour off assembly lines every
7、year or the 1 billion vehicles already on the worlds roads. But whereas cars are used roughly for about an hour or so a day, jet airliners are on the move for at least 10 hours a day. And they burn tax-free, highoctane (高能量的 ) fuel, which dumps hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO2 into the most sen
8、sitive part of the atmosphere. Aviation is a relatively small source of the emissions blamed for global warming, but its share is growing the fastest. The evidence is strong. As a result, aviation is increasingly attracting the attention of environmentalists and politicians. Amid much controversy, C
9、O2caps (最高 限制 ) and carbon-trading could soon be used to help curb aircraft emissions. Frequent flyers, free riders Airlines are accused of having a free ride in terms of air pollution because they pay no tax on the fuel they use for international flights. Even though todays aircraft are about 70% m
10、ore efficient than those of 40 years ago, concerns over emissions have grown. Despite booming demand for air travel, many airlines are losing money. Now green campaigners want people to think twice before they fly. The opposing voice is particularly loud in Europe, where low-cost carriers are expand
11、ing fast on busy shorthaul (短距离 ) routes. The European Parliament will vote in July on a proposal to limit aircraft emissions. America is deeply unhappy at the prospect of its airlines being affected. Sharon Pinkerton, a senior representative of the Federal Aviation Administration insisted, on a vis
12、it to Brussels last year, that American carriers should be exempted from the scheme. This sets the scene for another transatlantic aviation dispute, to add to the two bitter and long-running disputes over subsidies to Europes Airbus and the liberalisation of air traffic between the two continents. T
13、he airlines are growing nervous. The big international carriers represented by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) would rather Europe waited for the deliberations of a United Nations body, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), which has set technical, legal and safety
14、 rules for more than 50 years. International aviation was excluded from the Kyoto protocol on global warming, but only on condition that, by the end of 2007, countries and airlines worked under the umbrella of ICAO to come up with a way of reducing emissions through a trading scheme. Soon after the
15、end of the second world war the member governments of ICAO agreed that airlines should be free of fuel taxes. Some say this was to outlaw unilateral taxes that could distort markets, but others reckon it was done to boost the fledgling airline industry emerging from the fighting. The corollary was t
16、hat aviation, unlike motor traffic and other forms of transport, would pay in a transparent manner for the infrastructure and services it required-air-traffic management, landing charges, flyover rights and so on. That was supposed to take care of the external costs. But no one in those days thought
17、 much about the environment. Counting the cost It was not until 1999 that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) attempted to reduce the effect of aviation on the environment. Transport as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the worlds CO2 dischar
18、ges. That makes it one of the biggest sources, alongside power generation and households, as a source of the gas. Within transport, aviation accounts for about 13%. Its contribution to total man-made emissions worldwide is said to be around 3%. So why all the fuss about so little? One reason is that
19、 high-altitude emissions are probably disproportionately damaging to the environment. The nitrogen oxides from jet-engine exhausts lead to the formation of ozone, another greenhouse gas. Contrails (飞行云 ) are also suspected of enhancing the formation of cirrus clouds, which some scientists think adds
20、 to the global warming effect. The IPCC estimated that the overall impact on global warming of aircraft could be between two and four times that of their CO2 emissions alone, though there is no scientific consensus about the size of this multiplier. Naturally, the airlines choose to measure the gree
21、nhouse gases they produce in the way that casts them in the best light a trick they deploy on safety statistics, too. For instance, over half of aircraft accidents occur around take-off and landing. So accidents per passenger-mile compare very favourably with other means of transport. But at least o
22、ne study has shown that, if accidents are measured per journey instead, aircraft are the second-most dangerous way of travelling, after motorcycles. Likewise on greenhouse gases. IATA says an aircrafts fuel consumption is about the same as that of a family car, at 3.5 litres per 100 passenger-kilome
23、tres. So CO2 emissions are similar. But that is true only if the aircraft is full and the cars passenger seats are empty. And even then, a jumbo jet flying from London to Sydney would be like nearly 400 Volkswagen Polos each travelling just over 16,000km the average distance a European drives in a y
24、ear. In other words, although cars and aircraft discharge roughly the same amount of CO2for each passenger-kilometre, the aircraft travel an awful lot farther. Waiting to land Crowded airports compound the problem. Busy runways at places such as Heathrow mean aeroplanes have to circle wastefully. Th
25、e possibility of being held up ensures that pilots carry extra fuel, thereby increasing the aircrafts weight and, hence, its consumption of fuel. Other small changes could further save fuel and avoid carbon emissions: aircraft could be towed everywhere on the ground by electric vehicles. Consumers,
26、too, can take a stand by voluntarily offsetting the carbon emissions associated with flying by paying, for instance, to have trees planted. This week IATA said the net loss of the worlds airlines in the past six years would amount to almost $44 billion. Carriers have been hit by terrorism, war, rece
27、ssion, the respiratory disease SAILS and soaring oil prices. There were hopes the industry could make a small profit in 2007, but having to pay for environmental costs could change that. Yet global warming is not something that airlines, or any other industry, can shake off for ever. Sooner or later
28、, aviation will have to shoulder the burden it imposes on the planet. 2 This passage is mainly about how the development of airline industry has affected the environment through its greenhouse gases emission. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 It is predicted that in 20 years, the huge airplanes alone would be
29、 pumping out carbon dioxide at the same rate as 5 million cars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The author compares the effect of airliners on the environment and that of the cars and concluded that the effect of the former is less because the number of airplanes is much smaller than that of the cars. （ A）
30、Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 In the past, aviation industry was the smallest source of greenhouse gases emission and thus did not attract peoples attention. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Many airlines are having less profit today although there are more demand for air travel. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 America is prop
31、osing an alternative plan to solve the problem of emission from airliners. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The airlines are mom and more nervous, and they want the problem be considered by IATA, a United Nations body. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 _as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of th
32、e worlds carbon dioxide discharges. 10 Although aviation accounts for only 3% of the total man-made emission, its_ are believed to be disproportionately damaging to the environment. 11 During the past six years, airline industry has been hit by terrorism, war, _which made the industry suffer a total
33、 loss of $44 billion. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question t
34、here will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） In bed. （ B） At her mothers. （ C） In the hospital. （ D） At the office. （ A） He never drives his car in order to avoid accidents. （ B） He often suffers from the heavy
35、 traffic, too. （ C） He cant agree with the woman any more. （ D） The woman should take the subway to avoid the traffic. （ A） Go to see the game with the woman. （ B） Put on more clothes. （ C） Watch the game on TV. （ D） Watch a film on TV. （ A） He makes a fool of himself by eating too much. （ B） He lik
36、es to eat something other than beef. （ C） He wants to eat some more roast beef. （ D） He couldnt eat any more roast beef. （ A） Remove George from the committee immediately. （ B） Warn George that his attendance problem is serious. （ C） Offer to help George during the meeting. （ D） Telephone George to
37、sec if hes coming to the meeting. （ A） Linda didnt like it. （ B） Bill lost his arm and Ieg in order to get the ring. （ C） The ring was very expensive. （ D） Bill was injured. （ A） Continue to read. （ B） Meet the woman at the library. （ C） Make some coffee. （ D） Go out with some friends. （ A） He has t
38、o hand in a report about the museum. （ B） He is too busy to go with her. （ C） He has to read a history book. （ D） He has already visited the museum. （ A） A newspaper. （ B） The government. （ C） A construction firm （ D） A private company, （ A） Because her husband likes her to work for a firm. （ B） Bec
39、ause she prefers working for the government. （ C） Because self-employed work is very demanding. （ D） Because self-employed work is sometimes insecure. （ A） Because she needs money to start a family. （ B） Because she is not qualified with the government. （ C） Because she has preferences in private co
40、mpany. （ D） Because its more likely to get promotion in private company. （ A） A taxi driver. （ B） A bus driver. （ C） A college student. （ D） A dustman. （ A） She is having a heart attack, （ B） She was hurt in an accident. （ C） She is having a baby. （ D） She is suffering from a stroke, （ A） On the fre
41、eway. （ B） In the tunnel. （ C） In McDonalds. （ D） Downtown in traffic. （ A） To help the woman breath easier, （ B） To keep the woman calm and warm. （ C） To put something soft under the womans head. （ D） To drive the woman to the hospital at once. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3
42、 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） People dont often eat English food. （ B） People dont lik
43、e English food. （ C） People who travel to Britain cat English food in English home. （ D） People who travel to Britain dont know much about English food. （ A） The speaker thinks that we live to eat, but not eat to live. （ B） The speaker doesnt think that we should eat when living. （ C） The speaker th
44、inks that we eat to live, but not live to cat. （ D） The speaker thinks that we cat to live and live to cat. （ A） The criticism of English food by visitors is unfair. （ B） It is impossible to find good English food in large towns. （ C） As well as food people also travel to Britain for shopping and si
45、ghtseeing. （ D） If people complain about English food, they will get better food. （ A） Red Cross workers are in many countries. （ B） Red Cross only exists in the United States. （ C） Red Cross is another name for world hospital. （ D） Many people who are in need work in Red Cross. （ A） Supplying blood
46、 for people who need. （ B） Providing a number of services for the public. （ C） Helping the sick and wounded during the war. （ D） Aiding people who were injured in an earthquake. （ A） In 1875. （ B） In 1895. （ C） In 1881. （ D） In 1818. （ A） In 1992. （ B） In 2000. （ C） In 2004. （ D） In 1972. （ A） By wa
47、tching some films about World Environment Day. （ B） By listening to some lectures and planting trees, etc. （ C） By planting trees, having some green concerts, bicycle parades, etc. （ D） By delivering some speeches about World Environment Day. （ A） On 5 June. （ B） On 20 March. （ C） On 15 July. （ D） O
48、n 26 April. （ A） Desert and Ice a Hot Topic. （ B） Rivers and Oceans a Hot Topic. （ C） Melting Ice a Hot Topic. （ D） Trees and Forest a Hot Topic. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for i
49、ts general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Advertising is a way of bringing【 B1】 to the public for the purpose of selling a product, a service, an idea, or an【 B2】 . The information is transmitted
