1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 112及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 目前，越来越多的大学生本科毕业之后选择继续进入研究生院学习。一个重要的原因是工作不太好找。那么你打算在大学毕业之后选择找工作还是准备继续上研究生呢 ?请就这个问题谈谈你的打算和主要原因。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly
2、and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2
3、 Happiness and Sadness Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feeling for human beings. Recently, people have achieved further understanding about them. Happiness University of Illinois, psychologist Ed Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, was in Scotland,-recently
4、, explaining to members of Parliament and business leaders the value of increasing traditional measures of a countrys wealth with a national index of happiness. Such an index would measure policies known to increase peoples sense of well-being, such as democratic freedoms, access to health care and
5、the rule of law. Eric Wilson tried to get with the program. Urged on by friends, he bought books on how to become happier. He made every effort to smooth out his habitual worried look and wear a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to genuinely happy feelings. Wilson, a professor of Englis
6、h at Wake Forest University, took up jogging, reputed to boost the brains supply of joyful neuro-chemicals, and began his conversations with “great!“ and “wonderful!“, the better to exercise his capacity for enthusiasm. However, some scientists are releasing the most-extensive-ever study comparing m
7、oderate and extreme levels of happiness, and finding that being happier is not always better. In surveys of 118 519 people from 96 countries, scientists examined how various levels of subjective well-being matched up with income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close rel
8、ationships. They also analyzed how different levels of happiness, as reported by college students, correlated with various outcomes. Even allowing for imprecision in peoples self-reported sense of well-being, the results were unambiguous. The highest levels of happiness go along with the most stable
9、, longest and most contented relationships. That is, even a little discontent with your partner can cause you to look around for someone better, until you are at best a serial monogamist and at worst never in a loving, stable relationship. Nevertheless, “once a moderate level of happiness is achieve
10、d, further increases can sometimes be harmful to income, career success, education and political participation“, Diener and colleagues write in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. On a scale from 1 to 10, where 10s is extremely happy, 8s is more successful than 9s and 10s, getting mor
11、e education and earning more. That probably reflects the fact that people who are somewhat discontent, but not so depressed as to be paralyzed, are more motivated to improve both their own lot (thus driving themselves to acquire more education and seek ever-more-challenging jobs) and the lot of thei
12、r community (causing them to participate more in civic and political life). In contrast, people at the top of the jolliness charts feel no such urgency. “If youre totally satisfied with your life and with how things are going in the world,“ says Diener, “you dont feel very motivated to work for chan
13、ge. Be wary when people tell you that you should be happier.“ Sandness The drawbacks of constant, extreme happiness should not be surprising, since negative emotions evolved for a reason. Fear tips us off to the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our biological inher
14、itance. Wilson argues that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. He also asserts that “the happy man is a hollow man,“ but he is hardly the first scholar to see melancholia (精神忧郁症 ) as inspiration. A classical Greek text, possibly written by Aristotle, a
15、sks, “Why is it that all those who have become outstanding in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clearly melancholic?“ Wilsons answer is that “the blues can be a catalyst (催化剂 ) for a special kind of genius, a genius for exploring dark boundaries between opposites.“ The ever-restless,
16、the chronically discontent, are dissatisfied with the status quo, be it in art or literature or politics. For all their familiarity, these arguments are nevertheless being crushed by the happiness movement. Last August, the novelist Mary Gordon lamented to The New York Times that “among writers. wha
17、t is absolutely not allowable is sadness. People will do anything rather than to acknowledge that they are sad.“ And, Jess Decourcy Hinds, an English teacher, recounted how, after her father died, friends pressed her to distract herself from her profound sadness and sense of loss. “Why dont people a
18、ccept that after a parents death, there will be years of grief?“ she wrote. “Everyone wants mourners to snap out of it because observing anothers distress isnt easy.“ Its hard to say exactly when ordinary Americans. no less than psychiatrists (精神病学家 ), began insisting that sadness is pathological (病
19、态的 ). But by the end of the millennium that attitude was well established. In 1999. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway 50 years after its premiere. A reporter asked two psychiatrists to read the script. Their diagnosis: Willy Loman was suffering from clinical depression, a pa
20、thological condition that could and should be treated with drugs. Miller was appalled. “Loman is not a depressive,“ he told The New York Times. “He is weighed clown by life. There are social reasons for why he is where he is.“ What society once viewed as an appropriate reaction to failed hopes and d
21、ashed dreams, it now regards as a psychiatric illness. As NYUs Wakefield and Allan Horwitz of Rutgers University point out in The Loss of Sadness, this message has its roots in the bible of mental illness. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its definition of a “major depressi
22、ve episode“ is remarkably broad. You must experience five not-uncommon symptoms, such as insomnia (失眠 ), difficulty concentrating and feeling sad or empty, for two weeks; the symptoms must cause distress or impairment, and they cannot be due to the death of a loved one. Anyone meeting these criteria
23、 is supposed to be treated. When someone is appropriately sad, friends and colleagues offer support and sympathy. But by labeling appropriate sadness pathological, “we have attached a stigma to being sad,“ says Wakefield, “with the result that depression tends to elicit hostility and rejection“ with
24、 an undercurrent of“ Get over it; take a pill. The normal range of human emotion is not being tolerated.“ “We dont know how drugs react with normal sadness and its functions, such as reconstituting your life out of the pain,“ says Wakefield. Those psychiatrists also express doubts to medicalise the
25、sadness. 2 According to Ed Diener, which of the following can be measured by the index of happiness? （ A） The standard of morality. （ B） The freedom of speech. （ C） The sense of well-being. （ D） The access to health care. 3 In order to be happy, Wilson tried many ways such us _. （ A） borrowing books
26、 on how to become happier （ B） trying to keep a sunny smile （ C） starting his conversations with “Hello!“ （ D） trying to have a good rest 4 Who have the highest level of happiness according to the survey in 96 countries? （ A） People with the most wealth. （ B） People with the best health. （ C） People
27、 with the highest position. （ D） People with the most stable relationship. 5 According to Dieners statements in Perspectives on Psychological Science, the person with the moderate level of happiness will get _. （ A） more education （ B） moderate success （ C） less earning （ D） more reputation 6 Accord
28、ing to Diener, why do those people with the highest level of happiness have less motivation to move ahead? （ A） Because they have spent all their time pursuing the happiness. （ B） Because they dont allow their work to affect their feeling of happiness. （ C） Because they are too satisfied with happin
29、ess they have owned. （ D） Because they do not like people to tell them to be happier. 7 Which of the following is the possible answer to the questions set by Aristotle in Wilsons opinion? （ A） The sadness can make one be stronger. （ B） The sadness can make one be intelligent. （ C） The sadness can fo
30、rce one to think more deeply. （ D） The sadness can make one more depressed. 8 After the death of her father, friends of Jess Hinds tried to help her out of _. （ A） working pressure （ B） emotional trouble （ C） economic pressure （ D） marriage problem 9 Willy, the character in Death of a Salesman, was
31、diagnosed by two psychiatrists to get suffering from _. 10 One experiencing a “major depressive episode“ has to experience five not-uncommon symptoms for a period of _. 11 When someone is not in good mood, his friends should give him _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short co
32、nversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C
33、 and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Feel sorry that she cant help the man, （ B） Lend the man her pencil and paper. （ C） Ask someone else to help the man. （ D） Give the man the notes, （ A） The pear. （ B） The weather. （ C） The seafood. （ D） The cold. （ A） She can use his car. （ B） She ca
34、n borrow someone elses car. （ C） She must get her car fixed. （ D） She cant borrow his car. （ A） In a library. （ B） In a bookstore. （ C） In the classroom. （ D） In a department store. （ A） A movie. （ B） A lecture. （ C） A play. （ D） A speech. （ A） He usually talks quietly. （ B） He usually assigns homew
35、ork. （ C） He didnt teach class today. （ D） He noticed that the students didnt do their homework. （ A） The teacher postponed the meeting. （ B） There wont be a test this afternoon. （ C） The students will be attending the meeting. （ D） The students will take an English test this afternoon. （ A） He enjo
36、ys writing home every week. （ B） He never fails to write home once a week now. （ C） He doesnt write home once a week now. （ D） He has been asked to write home every week. （ A） Industrial specifications. （ B） Computer development. （ C） Scientific drawings. （ D） Science fiction. （ A） They arc more int
37、elligent. （ B） They are less expensive. （ C） They are more decorative. （ D） They are less bulky. （ A） They are smarter than human workers. （ B） They are more productive than human workers. （ C） They are very durable. （ D） They are easy to design. （ A） Love for beauty and a desire to impress other pe
38、ople. （ B） A desire to express oneself and a display of ones wealth （ C） Individual taste and love for beauty. （ D） Individual taste and a desire to express oneself. （ A） They may be homesick and feel insecure. （ B） They may try to attract other peoples attention. （ C） They are either cold or sick.
39、（ D） They want to protect themselves from physical injuries. （ A） They prefer white. （ B） They prefer red. （ C） They prefer yellow. （ D） They prefer gray. （ A） Reporter and fashion designer. （ B） Teacher and student. （ C） Shop assistant and customer. （ D） Husband and wife. Section B Directions: In t
40、his section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To reduce their mental stres
41、s. （ B） To increase their sense of success. （ C） To make sports less competitive. （ D） To make sports more challenging. （ A） They believe that criticism is beneficial for their early development. （ B） They dont realize that criticism may destroy their self confidence. （ C） They want to make them rem
42、ember lifes lessons. （ D） They want to put more pressure on them. （ A） To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout. （ B） To persuade young children not to worry about criticism. （ C） To stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children. （ D） To discuss the skill of combining criticism wit
43、h encouragement. （ A） Hard work is the most important thing for ones success. （ B） Hard work may invite good luck. （ C） Good luck plays an important role in ones success. （ D） Success has nothing to do with luck. （ A） Working hard may prepare yourself opportunity. （ B） Success always depends on oppo
44、rtunity. （ C） Opportunity can replace hard work in job hunting. （ D） Working hard will ensure you success. （ A） Its Columbus pure luck. （ B） It proves that the earth is not round. （ C） It enriched the American people. （ D） Its one of the biggest lucky mistakes. （ A） It is the first completely automa
45、tic railway in the world. （ B） The workers on the underground platforms are replaced by machines. （ C） Its trains are computer-controlled. （ D） Its trains run at a high speed. （ A） A platform worker. （ B） The command spot. （ C） A computer. （ D） A machine. （ A） Drive the train after it is started aut
46、omatically. （ B） Start the train and drive it when necessary. （ C） Take care of the passengers on the train. （ D） Send commanding signals to the command spot. （ A） It will stop automatically. （ B） It will move on at the same speed. （ C） It will gradually slow down. （ D） It will keep a safe distance
47、from the other trains. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 4
48、3 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Professional sports are very popular in the United States, and they are big
49、 business. The most【 B1】 sports are baseball, football and basketball. Each has its own【 B2】 , and millions of supporters. 【 B3】 teams are named for the cities where they are【 B4】 . Their strongest supporters live in these cities. When a team plays in a championship game, most people in the city follow the game with interest and【 B5】 . Basketball is well-known around the world. Professional basketball games in the United States are played【 B6】 during the winter months.
