1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 114及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 描述一下你在公共场所所亲眼目睹的扒窗事件； 2谴责这种不文明行为； 3在构建和谐社会进程中，人人都应该有正义感。 Pick pocketing 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the ques
2、tions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Genetic Testing Ge
3、netic testing is transforming medicine and the way families think about their health. As science uncovers the complicated secrets of DNA, we face difficult choices and new challenges. About Genetic testing The year was 1895 and Pauline Gross, a young actress, was scared. Gross knew nothing about the
4、 human-genome (基因组，染色体组 ) project such medical triumphs, but she did know about a nasty disease called cancer, and it was running through her family. “Im healthy now,“ she often told Dr. Aldred Warthin from at the University of Michigan, “but I fully expect to die an early death.“ At the time, Gross
5、s prediction was based solely on observation: family members had died of cancer; she would, too. Today, more than 100 years later, Grosss relatives have a much more clinical option: genetic testing. With a simple blood test; they can peer into their own DNA, learning while still perfectly healthy wh
6、ether they carry an inheritable gene mutation (突变 ) that has dogged their family for decades and puts them at serious risk. Take the Testing Testing is a kind of the genomic revolution. A major goal is to create new sophisticated therapies that home in on a diseases biological source, then fix the p
7、roblem. Already, genes are helping to predict a patients response to existing medications. A prime example, taken by Dr, Wylie Burke of the University of Washington, is a variant of a gene called TPMT, which can lead to life-threatening reactions to certain doses of chemotherapy (化学疗法 ). A genetic t
8、est can guide safe and appropriate treatment. Two genes have been identified that influence a persons response to the anti-blood-clotting drug. And scientists are uncovering genetic differences in the way people respond to other widely used medications, like antidepressants (抗抑郁药 ). Knowing a patien
9、ts genotype, or genetic profile, may also help researchers uncover new preventive therapies for sticky diseases. At Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Christopher Ross has tested several compounds shown to slow the progression of Huntingtons in mice. Now he wants to test them in people
10、 who are positive for the Huntingtons mutation but have not developed symptoms a novel approach to clinical drug trials, which almost always involve sick people seeking cures. “Were using genetics to move from treating the disease after it happens,“ he says, “to preventing the worst symptoms of the
11、disease before it happens.“ Its not just their own health that people care about. There is also the desire to get rid of disease from the family tree. Therefore, the future is what drives many adults to the clinic. The gene tests currently offered for certain diseases, like breast cancer, affect onl
12、y a small percentage of total cases. Inherited mutations contribute to just 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancers. But the impact on a single life can be huge. The key: being able to do something to ward off disease. “Genetic testing offers us profound insight,“ says Dr. Stephen Gruber, of the Unive
13、rsity of Michigan. “But it has to be balanced with our ability to care for these patients.“ Genetic testing today starts at the earliest stages of life. Couples planning to have children can be screened prior to conception to see if they are carriers of genetic diseases; prenatal (产前 ) tests are off
14、ered during pregnancy, and states now screen newborns for as many as 29 conditions, the majority of them genetic disorders. For Jana and Tom Monaco, of Woodbridge, Va., early testing has made an enormous difference in the lives of their children. Their journey began in 2001, when their seemingly hea
15、lthy third child, 3-year-old Stephen, developed a life-threatening stomach virus that led to severe brain damage. His diagnosis: a rare but treatable disease called isovaleric acidemia (IVA). Unknowingly, Jana and her husband were carriers of the disease, and at the time, IVA was not included in new
16、born screening. The Monacos had no warning whatsoever. Not Take the Testing Genetic testing, exciting as it may seem, isnt always the answer. When Wendy Uhlmann, a genetic counselor at the University of Michigan, teaches medical students, she flashes two slides on a screen side by side. One says ign
17、orance is bliss (福佑 ). The other: knowledge is power. Thats because the value of testing becomes especially ambiguous and ethically complicated when there is no way to prevent or treat disease, as in the case of early-onset Alzheimers, which often strikes before the age of 50, or Huntingtons. Today
18、only about 5 percent of people who are at risk for Huntingtons which is caused by a single gene and leads to a progressive loss of physical control and mental acuity take the test. Many are worried that genetic testing will put their health insurance or job security at risk. While there have been fe
19、w documented cases of discrimination, nobody can say for sure what will happen as more disease genes are discovered and more Americans sign on for predictive testing. States have a patchwork of regulations in place, but what needs to happen now, experts say, is for Congress to pass the Genetic Infor
20、mation Nondiscrimination Act, which would put a federal stamp of approval on keeping genetic information safe. Moreover, some people cant live with uncertainty. Stephanie Vogt knew Huntington ran in her family her grandfather and his three brothers all died of complications of the disease and she wa
21、nted to find out where she stood. “As soon as I found out there was a test, I just had to do it,“ she says. In August 2000, after comprehensive genetic counseling, Stephanie, her sister, Victoria, and their mother, Gayle Smith, learned her results: positive. “It was like a scene Out of The Matrix, w
22、here everything freezes and starts again,“ says Stephanie, now 35 and single. Scientific revolutions must be tempered by reality. Genes arent the only factors involved in complex diseases lifestyle and environmental influences, such as diet or smoking, are too. And predictions about new tests and tr
23、eatments may not come to pass as fast as researchers hope they may not come at all. Still, its hard not to get excited about the future, especially when you consider the medical competition now underway. 2 Pauline Gross felt seared because she thought she would die of _. （ A） stroke （ B） cancer （ C）
24、 SARS （ D） AIDS 3 Genetic testing can be used to decide whether a patient has the inheritable gene mutation by peering into their _. （ A） blood cell （ B） lung cell （ C） liver cell （ D） DNA 4 The major purpose of genetic testing in medication is to _. （ A） predict the death rate of inheritable diseas
25、e （ B） predict a patients response to medication （ C） find out the biological source and fix the problem （ D） guide safe and appropriate treatment 5 What have Christopher Ross experimental results revealed to us? （ A） Those inheritable diseases may be cured through genetic testing. （ B） Those inheri
26、table diseases may be predicted through genetic testing. （ C） Those inheritable diseases may be prevented through genetic testing. （ D） Those inheritable diseases may be controlled through genetic testing. 6 How many people with breast cancer are inherited from family tree? （ A） 5 to 10 percent. （ B
27、） 10 percent. （ C） About 15 percent. （ D） 5 percent. 7 Couples planning to have children can take prenatal genetic tests to know _. （ A） Whether their babies are genetically healthy or not （ B） whether they can have a baby （ C） when their babies will come into the world （ D） whether their babies are
28、 boy or girl babies 8 According to the passage, what is Wendy Uhlmanns attitude toward genetic testing? （ A） She is indifferent to it. （ B） She does not agrees with it at all. （ C） She has no idea about it. （ D） She has some doubts about it. 9 Many choose not to take the genetic testing because they
29、 worried that it will risk their _. 10 In August 2000, Stephanie Vogt learned she got the disease of _. 11 From the last paragraph, we know many factors involved in complex diseases, such as gene, lifestyle and _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
30、conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide whic
31、h is the best answer. （ A） It wont be any different from the others. （ B） It will be unusually mild. （ C） It wont affect the hunters. （ D） It will probably be cold. （ A） Blame the man for his carelessness. （ B） Lend the man her pencil and paper. （ C） Ask someone else to help the man. （ D） Give the m
32、an the notes. （ A） She thinks a hairdryer is suitable. （ B） She wants to know whats making all the noise. （ C） She isnt sure how practical the mans gift is. （ D） She cant hear anything when the hairdryer is on. （ A） It is in the center of the campus. （ B） It should have a map of the city. （ C） It ha
33、s information about summer camps. （ D） It probably has a campus map. （ A） Grocer. （ B） Taxicab driver. （ C） Carpenter. （ D） Shoe maker. （ A） He usually talks quietly. （ B） He usually assigns homework. （ C） He didnt come to class today. （ D） He came to class late today. （ A） She built a model a week
34、ago. （ B） She completed her model quickly. （ C） She helped him on Thursday. （ D） She thought she could reduce the size. （ A） There are many good oranges in the supermarket. （ B） The man has bought the best oranges. （ C） She doesnt satisfied with the oranges. （ D） She has never seen so expensive oran
35、ges. （ A） Stay at home. （ B） Hold parties. （ C） Do part-time jobs. （ D） Travel. （ A） Hired Eric to take care of the pets. （ B） Hired Margaret to look after the house. （ C） Asked Mr. Cohen to take care of the children. （ D） Hired Eric to water the plants. （ A） By interviewing the applicants. （ B） By
36、examining the application letter. （ C） By taking suggestion from the student employment office. （ D） By listening to their friends recommendation. （ A） They are fellow teachers. （ B） They are freshmen of a university. （ C） They are second-year students. （ D） They are tour guides. （ A） A mountain res
37、ort. （ B） A seaside resort. （ C） A desert. （ D） The outback of Australia. （ A） Because there are mountains nearby. （ B） Because hes been there once. （ C） Because he wants to be away from city. （ D） Because he heard it would be fun to be there. （ A） Finish their course work. （ B） Plan out their holid
38、ay in detail. （ C） Head for Sydney. （ D） Buy some necessities for their trip. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you m
39、ust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because it was the only way to bring about changes. （ B） Because it offered more opportunities for jobs. （ C） Because women did not have votes. （ D） Because it was a sign Lo show that women have equal rights. （ A） Changes in
40、 womens attitude towards men. （ B） New social and economic rights for women. （ C） Changes in attitudes towards women （ D） New political fights for women. （ A） Their life is worse than before. （ B） Their husbands enjoy better rights than them. （ C） There are more chances for them than ever before. （
41、D） They are still looked down upon in most fields. （ A） Because it has a lot of meanings. （ B） Because it is an uncommon word. （ C） Because its meanings are confusing. （ D） Because no one has tried to give it a definition. （ A） The feeling of pleasure. （ B） The feeling of frustration. （ C） The feeli
42、ng of understanding. （ D） The feeling of dispute. （ A） Stop defining the word of “reading“. （ B） Begin to look for what is involved in reading. （ C） Begin to look for a definition of language. （ D） Read the book again. （ A） Only 60 percent. （ B） Only 40 percent. （ C） Only 32 percent. （ D） Only 20 pe
43、rcent. （ A） Residential areas. （ B） The garage. （ C） Parking lots. （ D） The front of the house. （ A） By breaking into the car. （ B） By gaining access to the unlocked car. （ C） By copying the key of the car. （ D） By stealing the key from the owners house. （ A） It might be used in other crimes. such a
44、s robberies. （ B） It might get damaged in an accident. （ C） It might be sold secretly. （ D） It might be returned by the thief. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Wh
45、en the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have jus
46、t heard or write down the 37 Nowadays people use many methods to keep fit. For example, taking exercise and going on a diet. What is the purpose of keeping fit? The【 B1】 of keeping fit is to avoid ill health,【 B2】 the mental and physical fatigue that makes us more likely to contract【 B3】 , and above
47、 all, to feel more【 B4】 in being alive. Research has shown the value of a【 B5】 diet, fresh air, sunshine,【 B6】 rest and some form of【 B7】 exercise for everyone. If everyone followed this plan, the number of people visiting the doctor and going to hospital would be【 B8】 reduced. Unfortunately,【 B9】 .
48、 We spend too much time watching others from the comfort of an armchair or a seat in the stand at a sports stadium. One reason why people who are physically fit live longer is that【 B10】 . The also avoid suffering the consequences of weakened muscles. About 640 muscles account for about 45% of our b
49、odys weight,【 B11】 .Sensible exercise, suited to each individual and preferably undertaken on the advice of a doctor, is the best insurance of meeting these requirements. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following th
