1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 139及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他 (她 )你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他 (她 )对于如何提高听和和口语的建议。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
2、questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Food Poisoning
3、 - and How to Prevent It Changing lifestyles in the modem world have resulted in an increased demand for ready-to-cat foods, fast foods and dining out. This change in demand has, in mm, brought with it new and increased problems. One of these is the risk of bacterial food poisoning. How does food po
4、isoning occur? Usually, it takes large numbers of food poisoning bacteria to be present in food in order to cause illness. However, given the right conditions, bacteria can multiply very rapidly. These conditions include: Time - In ideal conditions, one bacterium can multiply to 2,097,152 within sev
5、en hours. Temperature - Food poisoning bacteria grow best in the temperature range of 5 - 60 . This is called the temperature danger zone. Food should not be left in the temperature danger zone. Nutrients - Bacteria need their own food source to grow and multiply. The types of foods which bacteria p
6、refer include dairy products, egg products, meat and poultry, small goods, not including salami (意大利腊肠 ), processed meat and chicken products, fish, shellfish and fish products. Because bacteria multiply rapidly in these foods, they are known as high risk foods. High risk foods which have been conta
7、minated (污染 ) with food poisoning bacteria and then left in the temperature danger zone can cause food poisoning to anyone who consumes them. Water - Without moisture, the growth of bacteria slows down and may stop. Drying is an effective form of food preserving. How does food become contaminated? F
8、ood is contaminated through poor handling and storage and through lack of personal hygiene (卫生学 ) by the people who prepare and serve it. Food poisoning bacteria are very widespread. They can be found in the soil, on animals and on people. Because of this, it is possible for foods such as raw meat,
9、poultry and vegetables to contain these bacteria from the start. A common way that food can become contamination, is through cross contamination. This can occur in two ways: During food preparation, hands, utensils (器具 ) and equipment such as cutting boards can become contaminated with bacteria from
10、 raw food. If these utensils, equipment and hands are then used to prepare ready-to-eat or cooked food, without first being thoroughly washed, then this food can become contaminated with bacteria from the raw food. As this food is not cooked again before being consumed, the bacteria in it will not b
11、e killed by cooking. During storage, bacteria from raw food can contaminate ready- to- eat or cooked food if the later are not stored separately. If they are stored in the same refrigerator, raw food should always be stored in the lowest part of the refrigerator and ready-to-eat or cooked food on th
12、e shelves above. This prevents liquids from the raw food dripping on to the cooked food. Store food in clean non- toxic washable containers or cover with foil or plastic film. How can food poisoning be prevented? Food poisoning can be prevented by: (1) Preventing food from becoming contaminated. (2)
13、 Preventing the bacteria in the food growing and multiplying. We can think of food poisoning as being a chain of circumstances: There must be bacteria on the food. The bacteria have the right conditions to grow-warmth ( between 5 and 60 ) , moisture and food. The bacteria have time to grow and multi
14、ply. If this chain of events can be broken, food poisoning can be prevented. Some of the ways of breaking this chain are: Making sure your hands are dean before handing food. Thoroughly washing all equipment used for preparing raw foods. Storing raw foods below cooked foods in the refrigerator. Stor
15、ing food correctly - not in the Temperature Danger Zone. Making sure food is served as soon as possible after preparation. Some Common Food Poisoning Bacteria Salmonella (沙门氏菌 ) Commonly found in: meat, poultry, eggs and egg products. Symptoms: nausea (恶心 ), stomach cramps, diarrhea (痢疾 ), fever and
16、 headache. Onset(发作 ): 6 - 72 hours after consuming contaminated food. Symptoms can last from 3-5 days. Bacillus (杆状菌 ) Commonly found in: Cereals, rice, meat products, packet soups. Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and stomach cramps. Onset: 1-6 hours after consuming the contaminated food. Symp
17、toms usually last no longer than 24 hours. Note: These bacteria produce spores which are not killed during cooking. When cooked food containing these spores, has been left in the temperature danger zone, the spores produce toxins (poisons) in the food which can cause food poisoning. Staphylococcus a
18、ureus Commonly found in: Meat and poultry dishes, egg products mayonnaise-based salads, cream or custard filled desserts. Symptoms: acute vomiting, nausea, occasionally diarrhea and cramps. Onset: 30 minutes - 8 hours after consuming the contaminated food. Symptoms usually last about 24 hours. Note:
19、 These bacteria produce toxins in food. The toxin is not destroyed during cooking so correct storage of food before and after cooking is essential. These bacteria are commonly found on the skin and in the nose and mouths of healthy people. Therefore, it is important that you maintain high standards
20、of personal hygiene (卫生学 ) when working with food. People with open cuts or wounds on their hands and arms must ensure that the injury is completely protected by a waterproof bandage. Other common food poisoning bacteria include: Clostridium perfringens. Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Listeria monocytogen
21、es. 2 Nowadays, peoples lifestyles are changing, which has resulted in the demand for fast foods. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 In fact, one bacterium can grow very quickly even just within seven hours. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Usually one bacterium is sufficient to cause illness. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 F
22、ruit that is not fresh can also cause food poisoning. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Samonellas onset may take 6 to 72 hours to happen and the symptoms may last longer than 24 hours. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Only if cooked food and raw food are stored in the same refrigerator, the former would be contaminat
23、ed. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 If the food with bacteria are cooked under 75 , food poisoning can be prevented. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Time, temperature, nutrients and water are the four conditions bacteria need in order to _ rapidly. 10 _ is a very common way that makes the food become contaminated w
24、ith bacteria. 11 The poison produced by bacteria is not destroyed during cooking, so correct _ before and after cooking is essential. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be as
25、ked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He doesnt have a computer. （ B） He cant understand th
26、e instructions. （ C） He needs to take his computer to be repaired. （ D） He has a Doctors degree in computer science. （ A） They should wait patiently. （ B） They should ask that man to leave. （ C） That man is old enough to order things he likes. （ D） They should serve that man immediately. （ A） His su
27、it is too old to wear. （ B） He doesnt want to buy new clothes. （ C） He is just looking forward to buying a new suit. （ D） Both of them need to buy new clothes. （ A） Shell make a better website. （ B） Shell introduce a better website. （ C） Shell find a better name for the website. （ D） Shell help him
28、look for a better website. （ A） She really wants to get involved. （ B） The wait is too long for her to bear. （ C） She has waited too long for it to start up. （ D） She thinks they take too long to start up the club. （ A） In a zoo. （ B） In a park. （ C） In a supermarket. （ D） In a pet store. （ A） He ha
29、snt been able to find an inexpensive piano yet. （ B） Hes looking for a place to store the piano. （ C） He decided not to sell the piano. （ D） No one has bought the piano. （ A） The womans source of information is reliable. （ B） He didnt enjoy taking history with Dr. Parker. （ C） He thought Dr. Parkers
30、 tests were easy. （ D） Dr. Parker is no longer teaching history. （ A） Shes impressed with the ticket sellers. （ B） Shes pleased about the mans purchase. （ C） Shes uncertain about the change in plans. （ D） Shes resigned to the situation. （ A） By writing a personal check. （ B） By changing them to thei
31、r personal account. （ C） By paying in cash. （ D） By using a store credit card. （ A） Stay where he is. （ B） Go home to telephone the order. （ C） Try to get the tickets elsewhere. （ D） Return after lunch. （ A） A house. （ B） A car. （ C） A hotel. （ D） An art gallery. （ A） He has many pets. （ B） He has t
32、hree children. （ C） He doesnt need a larger house. （ D） His wife is pregnant. （ A） House sales company. （ B） Motor sales company. （ C） Food sales company. （ D） Travel agency. （ A） She is a travel agent. （ B） She is a (real) estate agent. （ C） She sells cars. （ D） She sells hotels. Section B Directio
33、ns: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） 15 points. （ B） 30 p
34、oints. （ C） 45 points. （ D） 75 points. （ A） Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. （ B） Monday, Thursday and Friday. （ C） Monday, Wednesday and Friday. （ D） Monday, Wednesday and Thursday. （ A） A poem. （ B） An essay. （ C） A book report. （ D） A short story. （ A） We are making too many vehicles. （ B） We have m
35、ore and more industry. （ C） There are too many developing countries. （ D） People use too many man-made materials. （ A） Health. （ B） Industry. （ C） clean air. （ D） Pure water. （ A） Man knows where the society is going. （ B） Man can do nothing about the problem of pollution. （ C） The speaker is worrie
36、d about the future of our modern society. （ D） People dont welcome the rapid development of modern society. （ A） For the sake of high grades. （ B） For passing given examinations. （ C） For the good of gaining knowledge. （ D） For the completion of required assignments. （ A） To complete them with the a
37、id of their tutors. （ B） To accomplish them mainly through their own efforts. （ C） To read all the reference books assigned by the professors. （ D） To go over all the periodicals, articles and books in the library. （ A） Look for him in his office. （ B） Consult him outside of class. （ C） Make an appo
38、intment with him. （ D） Talk to him during classroom hours. （ A） Because they get low grades. （ B） Because they exhaust the reference sources in the library. （ C） Because they can spend only limited time with the professors. （ D） Because their teachers do not grade every assignment of them. Section C
39、 Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have
40、just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 It is often through good dinners that one makes friends. In Japan, there are【 B1】 “Dining Groups“ or “Wine
41、Groups“, formed by people of different【 B2】 of life but of more or less【 B3】standing; having as their common object, good living and the【 B4】 of friendship. They meet weekly or【 B5】 or on the birthday of one of the members, who play host in turn. As a rule, the dinner is held in ones own home, unles
42、s for some reasons this is【 B6】 , in which case it can be held in a【 B7】 restaurant. On each occasion, the host may include a couple of guests【 B8】 to the others, Thus one makes new friends and keeps old friendship in constant repair. Sometimes, similar feasts are held for the sake of art and litera
43、ture.【 B9】 As to the part that delicious food can play in smoothing negotiation, this must be a common experience of every man of affairs.【 B10】 “Will you lunch with me?“ is a familiar phrase in the business world either in prefacing a successful deal or in celebrating one.【 B11】 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 3
44、9 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the be
45、st choice. 48 Revenge of the Office Lady With the Japanese economy in depression, why are the fashionable streets of Tokyos Shibuya district crowded with women weighed down with shopping? Why are cafes and cinemas bursting at the seams? Shinsaibashi, in the heart of Osaka, is the same - and the phen
46、omenon is repeated, if to a lesser degree, along the streets of a dozen other dries. Call it the revenge of the office lady. Used and abused in the office as tea ladies, these college graduates are expected to do low-level chores until they marry and quit. There are some 10 million unmarried women b
47、etween 15 and 29 in Japan, many of them working in offices. Their pay, around $1,800 a month for a typical 25-year-old goes a long way. Unlike young men, most live at home, pay little towards their keep and tend not to own cars. Their younger sisters at college and school have plenty of money, too,
48、thanks to Japans vast part-rime job market. The Hakuhodo Institute of Life and Living in Tokyo reckons there are 3 million young women living within an hour of Shibuyas shops, ready to catch the latest fashion. If the rest of Japan were to spend as much as young females do, its economic woes (不幸 ) w
49、ould be over. They have plenty of time (again, unlike young men) to read consumer magazines and watch television. Womens magazines in Japan are twice as fat as American or European ones. They are packed with information on where to get almost everything from cheap designer trousers to the latest haircut. No surprise that young Japanese women are among the worlds smartest consumers. Department stores love them. No one is spending, except young women. Sales of womens clothes, acce
