1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 142 及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 The Best Parents 1生活中存在三种类型的父母：纵任型 (permissive)，专制型 (autocratic)，权威型 (authoritative) 2不同类型的父母教育子女的方式不同 3哪种类型的父母最有益于孩子的成长 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to
2、go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is
3、 not given in the passage. 2 Dont Be Shy We often hear shy people say, “As we talked, I felt uneasy. I worried about how I looked, what I said, how I said what I said, and so forth.“ If you have never felt this shy, chances are that you know someone who has. Shyness vs. Social Phobia (恐惧症 ) “Very sh
4、y people often believe theres something wrong with them and tend to evaluate themselves more negatively than others do,“ says Lynne Henderson, director of the Shyness Clinic in Los Altos, California. John Walker, director of the Anxiety Disorder Program at St. Boniface General Hospital in Canada, de
5、scribes shyness as “an exaggerated fear of embarrassment and a tendency to hold back in social situations.“ Our research reveals that the shy tend to make unrealistic social comparisons. In a room full of others, their attention is usually drawn to the most socially outstanding person, against whom
6、they compare themselves, unfavorably, of course. Typically, they compound the negative self-image by attributing their own comparatively poor performance to enduring and unchangeable internal characteristics - “I was born shy.“ Such attributions only heighten self-consciousness and spoil performance
7、. Shyness is considered a personality trait, not a psychological condition or disorder, and it has varying degrees. But severely shy people are sometimes diagnosed by psychologists as also having social anxiety disorder, or social phobia. Shyness that becomes so severe that it interferes significant
8、ly our social activities, relationships or occupational functioning could be what experts call social anxiety disorder or “crippling shyness“. Millions of people suffer symptoms of this disorder at some point in their lives. One of them, 51-year-old Earla Dunbar, was virtually house-bound for six ye
9、ars during the 1990s. she was terrified to go outside, even to get the mail, for fear shed run into other people and that they would think the worst of her. In such cases, cognitive-behavioral therapy and prescription drugs are often required to overcome the problem. Social anxiety is the third larg
10、est psychological problem in the United States today. This type of anxiety affects 15 million Americans in any given year. Unlike some other psychological problems, social anxiety is not well understood by the general public or by medical and mental health care professionals. In fact, people with so
11、cial anxiety are misdiagnosed almost 90% of the time. People with social phobia come to the anxiety clinic labeled as “schizophrenic“ (精神分裂 ), “manic- depressive“ (狂郁症 ) , “clinically depressed“, “panic disordered“, and “personality disordered“, among other damaging misdiagnoses. In the Genes? Scien
12、tists used to think a childs family environment largely dictated his/her emotional development as an adult. But Louis Schmidt, a Canadian psychologist who has been studying brain development in children and babies for the past 15 years, says while theres probably no single gene for shyness, new rese
13、arch shows some genes appear to play a larger role in predicting whether a person will be shy. “It appears nature has predisposed some children for shyness, “Schmidt says. This means that if your parents are shy you will be shy as well. In healthy babies just a few months old who tend to cry when ex
14、posed to new situations or people, more activity is detected in their right frontal brain, which regulates behavior and emotion, and their heart rates are higher than those of more sociable babies. Many of these kids outgrow shyness, but ten to fifteen percent dont. This kind of world we live in may
15、 also contribute to an increase in the number of shy people since today theres less face-to-face contact required in daily life. Some experts believe the cyberspace generation are accustomed to email, computer games, bank machines and other automated services and it means modern people are at the ri
16、sk of failing to develop social skills. Can Shyness Affect Career? A 1995 survey found that about 48% of the 800 respondents considered themselves shy. While many of us consider ourselves shy, not all of those who do allow it to define us. For example, I have always considered myself to be a shy per
17、son. However, when I took a quiz, which rates level of shyness, the results showed that I was moderately shy. W-hat this means is that, though I sometimes experience feelings associated with shyness, I have not allowed these feelings to keep me from pursuing my personal and professional goals. Howev
18、er, there are still some people whose shyness gets in the way of their career development. Researchers have found that such people tend to begin their careers later than non-shy people. They are also more apt to refuse promotions. They choose careers that are less interpersonal and are more undecide
19、d about which field to pursue. Once in a career, shy people have a harder time developing a career identity - an image of themselves as competent or successful within a career track. While most of us feel nervous before making a presentation, some people are so shy that they cant attend parties or g
20、o on a dinner date. Others cant talk 0n the phone to strangers, voice an opinion in a work or social setting or return things to a store because it involves confronting tile customer-service person. Some cant even make eye contact. “For them, shyness is a cocoon (蚕茧 ) ,“ says Walker. “Its safe and w
21、arm and quiet, but it can also be confining, dark and lonely.“ Combat Shyness One of the solutions to shyness is a greater understanding of its internal dynamics. It is important to note that a critical feature of shyness is a slowness to warm up. Shy people simply require extra time to adjust to un
22、familiar or stressful situations, including even everyday conversations and social gatherings. They also need more time to master the developmental barriers of life. The good news is that shy people eventually achieve everything that everyone else does - they date, marry, have children. The bad news
23、 is, it takes them a little longer. An unfortunate consequence of the shy being on this delayed schedule is that they lack social support through many important life experiences. When they start dating and want to talk about first-date worries, for example, their peers will be talking about weddings
24、. As a result, the shy may need to take an especially active role in finding others who are in their situation. One way is to build social support by starting groups of like-minded people. Another is to seek out existing groups of shy people, perhaps via the Internet. While technology often works ag
25、ainst the shy, it can also lend them an unexpected helping hand. The Successfully Shy Every shy person believes shyness is a problem located exclusively within the self. But experts suggest that the solution to shyness lies outside the self. To break free of the prison of shyness, you must stop dwel
26、ling on your own insecurities and become more aware of people around you. Experts have identified a group of people called the successfully, shy. Essentially, they recognize that they are shy. They develop an understanding of the nature and dynamics of shyness, its impact on the body, on cognitive p
27、rocesses and on behavior. And they take action based on that self- awareness. The successfully shy overcome their social anxiety by letting go of their self- consciousness, that inward focus of attention on the things they cant do well (like tell a joke). They accept that they arent great at small t
28、alk or that they get so nervous in social situations that they cant draw on what is inside their mind. Or that they are paying so much attention to their feelings that they dont pay full attention to the person theyre talking to. In place of self- consciousness, they substitute self-awareness. Rathe
29、r than becoming anxious about their silence in a conversation, they plan ahead of time to have something to say, or rehearse asking questions. They arrive early at parties to feel comfortable in their new setting. By contrast, less successful shy people arrive late in an effort to blend in. The fact
30、 is, these are the same kinds of strategies that non-shy people employ. The successfully shy also take steps at the transpersonal level, getting involved in the lives of others. They start small, making sure their day-to-day exchanges involve contact with other people. When they pick up a newspaper,
31、 for instance, they dont just hand over their money. They focus on the seller, thanking him or her for the service. This creates a social environment favorable to positive interactions. Once the shy are more outwardly focused on the lives of other people, shyness no longer controls them. The success
32、fully shy dont change who they are. They change the way they think and the actions they make. There is nothing wrong with being shy. 2 The passage mainly analyzes the differences between shyness and social phobia as well as the causes behind these two problems. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Shyness, excep
33、t in the very severe cases, is more of a personality trait than a psychological disorder. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Some shy people may be misdiagnosed as having social anxiety disorder. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Modem scientists believe that family environment plays a larger role in causing shyness in
34、a child than genetic predisposition. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Shyness varies in degrees, and mild to moderate shyness wont necessarily form a barrier to a persons career development. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 By replacing self-consciousness with self-awareness, shy people can learn to control their shy
35、ness. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The successfully shy are the people who are born shy but managed to become a success in their career. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 According to shyness experts, shy people tend to have a negative self-image and withdraw from _. 10 The growing number of shy people in modern s
36、ociety is largely due to technological advances that allow for fewer _. 11 It is advisable for the shy to turn to the Internet for like-minded people and _ Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or mor
37、e questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Bob will probably remain angry
38、until the man apologizes. （ B） Bob might not be really angry with the man. （ C） Bob has also been mad at her recently. （ D） The man should ask Bob to apologize. （ A） It may not be warm enough. （ B） The woman can wear it all winter. （ C） It will not fit if the woman loses weight. （ D） The woman may h
39、ave trouble paying for it. （ A） The doctor is not in until late the next morning. （ B） If he wants the best doctor than he should try Dr. Noon. （ C） If he wants a suitable doctor he should wait until 12 oclock. （ D） The doctor who usually handles these things is not in usually in the mornings. （ A）
40、Hes not sure he wants to go to the party. （ B） He just returned from a visit to the Andersons. （ C） He may not be able to give the woman a ride. （ D） He will give the woman a ride if he was also invited to the party. （ A） He knows who the wallet belongs to. （ B） He can call the owner from his house.
41、 （ C） Some member of his family lost the wallet. （ D） The woman should keep the wallet at his house. （ A） At a tailors. （ B） At a butchers. （ C） At a hairdressers. （ D） At a photographers. （ A） Business courses have become popular. （ B） The school only offers business courses. （ C） The business scho
42、ol has a new program. （ D） The school has just started to offer business courses. （ A） Hes not a very good chess player. （ B） The woman should join the chess club. （ C） The woman needs a lot of time to play chess. （ D） Hes willing to teach the woman how to play chess. （ A） A standard unit for measur
43、ing weight. （ B） How to care for precious metals. （ C） The value of precious metals. （ D） Using the metric system. （ A） To measure amounts of rainfall. （ B） To cheek the accuracy of scales. （ C） To observe changes in the atmosphere. （ D） To calculate the density of other metals. （ A） It is too high
44、for such a light weight. （ B） It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. （ C） It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal. （ D） It is reasonable for an object with such an important function. （ A） Two hundred dollars. （ B） Three hundred dollars. （ C） Two thousand dollars. （ D）
45、Three thousand dollars. （ A） To buy some national debt. （ B） To open a savings account. （ C） To ask the interest rate. （ D） To withdraw some money. （ A） He has to use a password. （ B） He has to show his ID card. （ C） He only needs to fill out a withdrawal form. （ D） He needs to fill out a withdrawal
46、 form and hand in the check book. （ A） Both time deposit and current deposit have the same interest rate. （ B） The interest rate is high for current deposit. （ C） The interest rate is low for time deposit. （ D） The interest rate varies with different kinds of deposit. Section B Directions: In this s
47、ection, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It came from the highest court. （
48、 B） It came from the theater. （ C） It came from the military. （ D） No one is sure of the answer. （ A） Bemuse he had to stand in front of the music band of the military. （ B） Because he had to face the back of the horse while leaving. （ C） Because the soldiers he had served with would play for him. （
49、 D） Because the buttons on the soldiers clothing would be cut off. （ A） It means “everybody can see you love Marx“. （ B） It means “your love toward Mary is plain“. （ C） It means “your nose is so plain that Mary wont like it“. （ D） It means “you should hide your nose while dating Mary“. （ A） The influence of WHO on governments. （ B） The warning of the coming diseases. （ C） The international cooperation in health improvement. （ D） The shortage of health care workers. （ A） Because they
