1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 145及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Is Environmental Pollution a Crime? 1破坏生态环境是一种犯罪行为 2破坏生态给人类造成经济损失及生存危机 3保护环境人人有责 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer th
2、e questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Dare to Drea
3、m Our dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more than we ever realized, says groundbreaking new research. For 11 years, a 58-year-old anthropologist (人类学家 ) kept a journal of nearly 5,000 dreams. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizona-based researcher Robert Hoss could accurately
4、predict certain things about the mans emotional state. Hoss correctly identified two separate years when the man experienced crises in his life. The anthropologist confirmed that in 1997 he clashed with a colleague over a management issue, and in 2003 he had a falling-out with a friend that left dee
5、p emotional scars. Hoss is among a growing group of researchers who, thanks to advanced psychoiogical research and cutting-edge medical technology, are beginning to reveal the secrets .hidden in our dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives. A look at some of their latest discoveries can give
6、us new insights into the language of dreams and help us make the most of our time asleep. Why Do We Dream? Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of something you are worried about, researchers say, is the brains way of helping you get prepared for a d
7、isaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, for example, giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your performance. And cognitive (认知的 ) neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you are dreaming are linked to our abil
8、ity to learn and remember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,“ says Dr. Cartwright, chairman of the psychology department at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She has found that dreams help people work through the days emotional ups and downs. Its like having a built-in therapist. While
9、 we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories. As she puts it, “you may wake up and think, what was uncle Harry doing in my dream? I havent seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are emotionally related.“ Its the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationshi
10、p. In fact, dream emotions car help real therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic (创伤性的 ) life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a 5-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angr
11、iest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. If their dreams were calm, they hadnt started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce. For therapists, this finding will help determine whether divorced men or women need counseling or have al
12、ready dreamed their troubles away. One Interpretation Doesnt Fit All No device lets researchers read the content of dreams while we sleep, but scientists are finding new ways to interpret once we have awakened. Forget Sigmund Freuds notion that dreams contain images with universal meanings for all h
13、is undeniable authority in the field of dream interpretation. A new generation of psychologists insists that dream symbols differ depending on the dreamer. In a recent study, Joseph Koninck, a psychology professor at the University of Ottawa in Canada, asked 13 volunteers to make two fists: one of d
14、etails recalled from recent dreams, and another of recent events in their waking fives. When analysts were asked to match which volunteer experienced which dream, they failed. Konincks conclusion: Each person understands his or her dreams better than anyone else - including traditional psychoanalyst
15、s. “Theres just no evidence of universal dream symbols,“ says Koninck. “My advice is to throw away your dream dictionary if you really want to interpret your dreams.“ Your Brain on Dreams A century after the Freud era, scientists are only now decoding the biology of how we manufacture dreams. At the
16、 Sleep Research Program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Dr. Nofzinger “looks into“ the brains of sleeping subjects using PET scans normally employed to detect cancer and other diseases. By injecting subjects with a mildly radioactive substance, he has traced the source of the brain t
17、hat controls emotions. During dreaming, the limbic system explodes like fireworks with neural (神经的 ) activity, filling our dreams with drama. “Thats why so many dreams are about emotional states,“ says Nofzinger, “where we are running from danger or facing an anxious situation. The part of the brain
18、 that controls dreams also manages our instincts, drives, sexual behavior and fight-or-flight response.“ Thats why dreams are often strange combinations of events and people. Decoding the Meanings Today, psychologists are applying modem technology to probe the content of dreams. Hoss uses a computer
19、-based approach called content analysis to interpret the colors in dreams. More than 80 percent of people dream in color, he says, though only a quarter of them recall the shades the next morning. To collect data, he analyzed nearly 24,000 dreams, catalogued in two databases. His study suggested tha
20、t specific colors represent particular emotions. For example, red means action, excitement and desire; blue equals calmness and harmony; black hints fear, anxiety and intimidation. The clues are in the colors. Hoss has been trying to determine the emotional states of a dreamer based on his/her dream
21、 colors. But, as with symbols and action, one size doesnt fit all when it comes to interpretation. Using color is your brains way of painting dreams with your emotion, and different people have different ways of using color. What Dreams Can Do for You Psychologists have long known that people can so
22、lve their problems at work and home by “sleeping on it“. The challenge has always been to train yourself to dream up the solutions. Dr. Barret, editor of the journal Dreaming, advises individuals to consider questions just before falling asleep (Should I take this job? Should I marry this guy?), and
23、 then let the subconscious provide the answers. “Ive known artists looking for inspiration who simply dream up a future show of their art and wake up with plenty of new painting ideas,“ says Barrett. “More and more people are learning these techniques to control their dreams.“ Some researchers belie
24、ve you can guide your dreams while you are sleeping. In recent years, Stephen La Berge, PhD, has pioneered a way of directing the sleeping mind through “lucid dreaming“, in which a sleeping person realizes he/she is dreaming while it is happening. Lucid dreamers can experience fantasy adventures - l
25、ike flying to the moon, traveling through time or making love on a beach - while fully aware that they are dreaming. According to La Berge, lucid dreamers can use the experience for a variety of purpose: problem solving, developing creative ideas and healing. Patricia Keelin, a 55-year-old photograp
26、her has used lucid dreaming for everything from talking to her long-dead father to feasting on sweets. “Chocolate always tastes better in lucid dreams since you dont have to worry about calories,“ she says, “Lucid dreaming is great and exciting, because its free and available to everybody.“ Well, no
27、t entirely free. Although everyone has the potential to dream lucidly, it rarely happens routinely without special training. Instructional workshops are needed to help individuals participate in their dreams. If you have repeating nightmares that make it difficult to sleep, try to change the endings
28、. Once you awaken from a bad dream, imagine a change in the action to create a more positive outcome. If you are trapped, try to fly. In you dream, you can do what you want. Indeed, your dreams are like private movies where you are the star, director and writer all at once. And as the latest researc
29、h indicates, you are also the most insightful movie critic. The best interpreter of your dreams is you. 2 By means of dreams, the human subconscious is sending important messages to the conscious mind. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Dreaming is a mood regulatory system in that nightmares can make us feel i
30、ll-tempered and nice dreams make us feel happy during the next day. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Sigmund Freud pioneered the field of dream analysis one century ago, but his very popular concept of universal dream symbols is now completely rejected by current psychologists. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Resear
31、ches on the biology of dream production indicate that the limbic system in the brain takes charge of dream emotions and plots through neural activity. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 A lucid dream is like a daydream, in which you can go through fantastic experiences while fully awake. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG
32、7 Robert Hoss discovers that over 80 percent of people dream in color, but only 25 percent of them are able to remember the color the following morning. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 To some people lucid dreaming doesnt happen automatically and they need special training to learn to dream lucidly. （ A） Y
33、（ B） N （ C） NG 9 The passage mainly discusses _ of dreams. 10 Professor Konincks study about 13 volunteers proves that you are _ of your own dreams. 11 A computer-based approach has been adopted to find out a dreamers emotional states on the basis of his or her _. Section A Directions: In this secti
34、on, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the
35、 four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Happy. （ B） Angry. （ C） Tired. （ D） Sad. （ A） He found it fascinating. （ B） It took a long time to finish the show. （ C） You have to be dressed formally there. （ D） They should leave soon. （ A） Pay for some of the food. （
36、B） Take Gary to picnic some other time. （ C） Insist on buying food themselves. （ D） Thank Gary for his buying food. （ A） They need to turn right ahead. （ B） She agrees with the man on where State Street is. （ C） They found no left turn at the last intersection. （ D） The msn missed the turn. （ A） He
37、did meet the director today, （ B） The director was at home, （ C） He met the director at the theater. （ D） He didnt see the director, （ A） He should look at the desk. （ B） He should go to the doctor. （ C） He should relax a little hit. （ D） He should have found some one for help. （ A） She wants to see
38、 the man immediately. （ B） She isnt sure which train shell be on. （ C） It takes an hour to get there by train. （ D） Shell leave the railway station at 6:30. （ A） Theres no job for anyone to do. （ B） Nobody will work with the committee. （ C） The woman knows the committee members. （ D） The woman shoul
39、d be on the committee herself. （ A） To find out if he is sick. （ B） To find out what a nutritious diet is like. （ C） To find out how to prevent illness. （ D） To get the results of a physical examination. （ A） He has never been immunized. （ B） He doesnt rest enough due to hard work. （ C） He doesnt li
40、ke to take medicine. （ D） He is exposed to the virus-filled environment. （ A） He can get free physical examinations there. （ B） He can get an influenza vaccination there. （ C） Hell get a prescription for medication there. （ D） Hell find information on nutrition there. （ A） How to measure metals. （ B
41、） A standard unit for measuring weight. （ C） The price of precious metals. （ D） How to use the metric system. （ A） To cheek the accuracy of scales. （ B） To see the quality of other metals. （ C） To measure changes in the air. （ D） To measure the length of metal. （ A） It was damaged. （ B） It was made
42、of low quality metal. （ C） It was lost. （ D） The standard of the country had changed. （ A） It is too expensive for such a metal. （ B） It is priceless for such an object. （ C） It is reasonable for such an important object. （ D） It is too cheap for such a precious metal. Section B Directions: In this
43、section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because one in four children is
44、dying from poor nutrition. （ B） Because more than half of child death is caused by poor nutrition. （ C） Because poverty and hunger is threatening the development of the world. （ D） Because the world did little to help the underweight children in the past. （ A） 50 percent. （ B） 8 percent. （ C） 19 per
45、cent. （ D） 5 percent. （ A） The development goal of UNICEF. （ B） Cooperation among developing countries. （ C） Economic development and government efforts. （ D） Peoples awareness of the importance of the problem. （ A） To employ athletes as ambassadors of sportsmanship. （ B） To influence decision maker
46、s to support star athletes. （ C） To support children in developing countries with heroes in Olympics. （ D） To bring children in developing countries good sports and play programs. （ A） 1000 dollars. （ B） 25,000 dollars. （ C） 40,000 dollars. （ D） 15,000 dollars. （ A） By creating chances of teamwork.
47、（ B） By collecting money for children. （ C） By supporting people in war areas. （ D） By teaching children speed skating. （ A） American economy. （ B） American industry. （ C） American agriculture. （ D） American GDP. （ A） 0.7 percent. （ B） 20 percent. （ C） 0.9 percent. （ D） 80 percent. （ A） Because of t
48、he application of new technology and methods. （ B） Because of the decrease of government payments. （ C） Because of the increase in agricultural export. （ D） Because of Canadas dependence on agricultural import. （ A） Canada, Japan and Mexico. （ B） Canada, Mexico and the European Union. （ C） Japan, th
49、e European Union and Asia. （ D） Japan, Latin America and Asia. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For th
