1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 151及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1目前网络教育形成热潮 2我认为 形成这股热潮的原因是 3我对网络教育的评价 二、 Part II Reading Comprehen
2、sion (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the stat
3、ement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Will We Run Out of Water? Picture a “ghost ship“ sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and ch
4、emical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages. Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral sea (咸海 ) in Central Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea
5、in order to irrigate (provide water for) farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding (使搁浅 ) ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species offish. Similar largecale efforts to redirect water in other p
6、arts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for wat
7、er, and more people will need more water in the next century. “Growing populations will worsen problems with water,“ says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that b
8、y the year 2025, as many as one-third of the worlds projected (预测的 ) 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages. WHERE WATER GOES Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Proje
9、ct in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers (冰山 ) and ice caps (冰盖 ). In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation (rain or snow)
10、. Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live, In fact, the worlds population has access to only 12,500 cub
11、ic kilometers of freshwater about the amount of water in Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖 ). And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,“ says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic (水的 ) environment.“ CLOSE TO HOME Water woes(灾难 ) may seem
12、remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers (地下蓄水层 ), layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface
13、 water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.) Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish(补充 ) it. In northwest Texas, for example, overpumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, a
14、ccording to Postel. Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the
15、 Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell iii in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium (隐孢子虫 ), a microbe (微生物 ) that causes fever, diarrhea (腹泻 ) and vomiting. THE SOURCE Where so contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw (未经处理的
16、) sewage(污水 ) into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne (饮水传染的 ) diseases. In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals poll
17、ute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (多氯化联二苯 ), or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.) But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners (稀释剂
18、 ) down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste. Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and i
19、nsects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen rich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc (大破坏 ) on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas, Too many nitrates “over-enrich“ these bodies of water, encou
20、raging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of tile water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. WHATS THE SOLUTION? Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-re
21、lated problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building smallscale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than I billion people worldwide dont have access to basic clean drinking water,“ says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push o
22、n the part of everyonegovernments and ordinary people to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.“ 2 That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more good than h
23、arm. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to the passage all water pollutants com
24、e from household waste. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Water expert Gleick has come up with the best solution to water-related problems. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2
25、025, as many as _ of the worlds people will suffer from water shortages. 10 Two-thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in _. 11 In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be trea- ted in order to avoid _. Section A Directions: In this section,
26、 you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fo
27、ur choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She doesnt have a car. （ B） She likes the new working environment. （ C） She doesnt like the company she works for. （ D） She wants to save on traveling time. （ A） Turn up the volume. （ B） Play the music more softly. （ C） Stop
28、talking so much. （ D） Play different music. （ A） It is appropriate. （ B） It is normal. （ C） It is too informal. （ D） It is too formal. （ A） That Roses new husband is a writer. （ B） That the man shouldnt believe everything he read. （ C） That appearances are often deceiving. （ D） That she likes Roses
29、husbands new book. （ A） She saw an ad in the newspaper. （ B） She learned about it from a friend. （ C） She heard about it during a television interview. （ D） She saw it on a list of job openings. （ A） 35. （ B） 36. （ C） 34. （ D） 40. （ A） Watching television. （ B） Reading a newspaper. （ C） Listening to
30、 the radio. （ D） Reading a magazine. （ A） She had an accident. （ B） She wants to go to a foreign country to learn the language. （ C） Andrew is a native English speaker. （ D） Andrew speaks English quite well. （ A） A druggists suggestion. （ B） An advertisement. （ C） An article. （ D） A salesclerks comm
31、ent. （ A） The relationship of purchases made to time spent shopping. （ B） The length of time required for drugstore shopping. （ C） The increases in the size and stock for drugstore. （ D） The buying of clothing from department stores. （ A） People enjoy shopping in them. （ B） People spend little time
32、in them. （ C） People are more likely to buy something in them if time is limited. （ D） People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold in drugstore. （ A） In a travel agency. （ B） In a lawyers office. （ C） In a post office. （ D） In a bank. （ A） He sends Christmas cards to his siste
33、rs family. （ B） He visits his sister. （ C） He invites his sister s family to his house. （ D） He brings birthday presents to Mark. （ A） He had forgotten to pay an important bill. （ B） He had made a mistake in his work. （ C） The policeman came to inquire into a traffic accident. （ D） The policeman cam
34、e to pay a visit to his uncle. （ A） Because the speaker was an artist. （ B） Because she was always a hard-working student. （ C） Because the artists paintings appeal to her so much. （ D） Because the subject was an important one. （ A） 7:30. （ B） 9: 00. （ C） 8:30. （ D） 9:30. （ A） Food packaging. （ B） A
35、 new fast food. （ C） Varieties of fish. （ D） An artificial flavor. （ A） Fast food. （ B） Tomato flavor. （ C） The taste of fish. （ D） The smell of cheese. （ A） Its low purchase price. （ B） Its nutritious value. （ C） Its wide availability. （ D） Its higher water content. （ A） In a few weeks. （ B） In abo
36、ut two years. （ C） In two or three months. （ D） In half a year. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
37、 best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The tractor. （ B） The car. （ C） The wheel. （ D） The steam engine. （ A） People continued to explore new lands. （ B） People staked to make life better. （ C） People stopped making inventions. （ D） People started to explore more land. （ A） Th
38、e jet plane. （ B） The radio. （ C） Movies with sound. （ D） The computer. （ A） Progress in medicine. （ B） Progress in computers. （ C） Progress in new materials. （ D） Progress in helicopters. （ A） The local advertisements. （ B） The Sunday newspaper. （ C） The Information Agency. （ D） The radio and TV st
39、ations. （ A） When they are on holidays. （ B） on Saturday night. （ C） On Sunday mornings, （ D） As soon as they have information. （ A） Children reared under average conditions possess average intelligence. （ B） Lack of opportunity prevents the growth of intelligence. （ C） An individuals intelligence i
40、s determined chiefly by his environment. （ D） Changes of environment produce changes in the brain structure. （ A） 85. （ B） 100. （ C） 40. （ D） 125. （ A） To test the role of environment in the development of intelligence. （ B） Because their parents were too poor to support them. （ C） Because their par
41、ents passed away. （ D） To find out how well twins grow in separate homes. （ A） Brain structure and opportunity. （ B） Brain and intelligence. （ C） Birth and education. （ D） Birth and environment. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for
42、the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing informatio
43、n. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 41 You should not fear spiders because of their poison. Of all the spiders in North America, only one kind is very【 B1】 _ and most would not bite even if they were【 B2】 _ . They much prefer to run away or t
44、o drop to the ground on a【 B3】_ of silk. Even so, when a spider runs directly toward a person, it gives the【 B4】_ that it is about to attack. Actually, it cannot see the person in its way. The spider is too【 B5】 _ to see things at a distance. It only wants to go where it wouldnt be【 B6】 _ . In the U
45、nited States only one kind of spider is responsible for the frightening【 B7】_ of the rest. It is the Black Widow (黑寡妇 ), So called because the female, which is larger than the male, often eats her【 B8】 _ after making love. 【 B9】 _ . She constructs a loose, irregular web under a pile of rowans or nea
46、r the foundations of buildings where she is seldom disturbed. She is not an attacking spider and many people have proven this by letting her crawl over their hands.【 B10】 _ . In spite of the stories you may have heard, it is rare for a person to be bitten by a Black Widow and even more unusual for t
47、he bite to prove fatal.【 B11】 _ . 42 【 B1】 43 【 B2】 44 【 B3】 45 【 B4】 46 【 B5】 47 【 B6】 48 【 B7】 49 【 B8】 50 【 B9】 51 【 B10】 52 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word
48、bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 52 Blue
49、 is the worlds favorite color. It is also the color most often【 S1】 _ with intellect and authority. Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is【 S2】 _ by deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色 ) are represented by the Islamic religion. It is the【 S3】 _ color in the mosques of the world. Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United N
