1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 183及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of selecting lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师 ； 2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素； 3. 学生自选任课老师的益处和可能产生的问题。 二、
2、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passa
3、ge; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Organizing of Your Speech If you thumb through any mailorder catalogue today, you will discover that many of the items for sale are organizers closet
4、 organizers, kitchen organizers and office organizers. Read enough catalogues, and you must conclude that is something exists, it can be organized. Why all these quest for organization? Obviously, theres little point in having multiple possessions if you cant find them when you need them. Much the s
5、ame is true of your speeches. If they are well organized, they will serve you better. Organization allows you and your listeners to see what ideas you have and to put mental “hands“ on the most important ones. Organization is important Several years ago a college professor took a wellorganized speec
6、h and scrambled it by randomly changing the order of its sentences. He then had a speaker deliver the original version to one group of listeners and the scrambled version to another group. After the speeches, he gave a test to see how well each group understood what they had heard. Not surprisingly,
7、 the group that heard the original, unscrambled speech stored much higher than the other group. A few years later, two professors repeated the same experiment at another school. But instead of testing how well the listeners comprehended each speech, they tested to see what effects the speeches had o
8、n the listeners attitudes toward the speakers. They found that people who heard tile wellorganized speech believed the speaker to be much more competent and trustworthy than did those who heard the scrambled speech. These are just two of many studies that show the importance of organization in speec
9、hmaking. You realize how difficult it is to pay attention to the speaker, much less to understand the message. In fact, when students explain what they hope to learn from their speech class, they almost always put “the ability to organize my ideas more effectively“ near the top of the list. This abi
10、lity is especially vital for speechmaking. Listeners have little patience with speakers who bounce wildly from idea to idea. Keep in mind that listeners cannot flip back to a previous page if they have trouble grasping a speakers ideas. In this respect a speech is much like a movie. A speaker must b
11、e sure listeners can follow the progression of ideas from beginning to end. This requires that speeches be organized strategically. The first step in developing a strong sense of speech organization is to gain command of the three basic parts of a speech introduction, body, and conclusion and the st
12、rategic role of each. The body is the longest and most important part. Aim, you will usually prepare the body first. It is much easier to cream an effective introduction after you know exactly what you will say in the body. The process of organizing the body of a speech begins when you deter mine th
13、e main points. Main points The main points are the central features of your speech. You should select them carefully, phrase them precisely, and arrange them strategically. Here are the main points of a student speech about the medical uses of hypnosis: Specific purpose: To inform my audience about
14、the major uses of hypnosis. Central Idea: The major uses of hypnosis today are to control pain in medical surgery, to help people stop smoking, and to help students improve their academic performance. Main points: Hypnosis is used in surgery as an adjunct to chemical anesthesia. Hypnosis is used to
15、help people stop smoking. Hypnosis is used to help students improve their academic performance. These three main points form the skeleton of the body of the speech. If there are three major uses of hypnosis for medical purposes, then logically there can be three main points in the speech. Sometimes
16、main points are evident from your specific Pm statement. Even if they are not stated expressly, they may be easy to project from statement. Often they will emerge as you research the speech and evaluate your findings. Suppose your specific purpose is “To persuade my audience that our state should no
17、t approve proposals for online voting“. You know that each main point in the speech will present a reason why online voting should not be instituted in your state. But you arent sure how many main points there will be or what they will be. As you research and study the topic, you decide there are tw
18、o major reasons to support your view. Each of these reasons will become a main point in your speech. Number of main points You will not have time in your classroom speeches to develop more than four or five main points, and most speeches will contain only two or three. Regardless of how long a speec
19、h might run, if you have too many main points, the audience will have trouble sorting them out. When everything is equally important, nothing is important. If when you list your main points, you find you have too many, you may be able to condense them into categories. Strategic order of Main Points
20、Once you establish your main points, you need to decide in what order you will present them in your speech. This is extremely important, for it will affect both the clarity and the persuasiveness of your idea. The most effective order depends on three things you topic, your purpose, and your audienc
21、e. Five basic patterns of organization used most often by public speaker: chronological, spatial, causal, problemsolution, and topical order. Tips for preparing main points Each main point in a speech should be clearly independent of the other main points. Take care not to lump together what should
22、be separate main points. And because main points are so important, you want to be sure they all receive enough emphasis to be clear and convincing. This means allowing sufficient time to develop each main points. This is not to say that all main points must receive exactly equal emphasis, but only t
23、hat they should be roughly balance. Summary Clear organization is vital to speechmaking. Listeners demand coherence. They get only one chance to grasp a speakers ideas, and they have little patience for speakers who ramble aimlessly from one idea to another. A wellorganized speech will enhance your
24、credibility and make it easier for the audience to understand your message. Speeches should be organized strategically. They should be put together in particular ways to achieve particular results with particular audiences. The process of planning the body of a speech begins when you determine the m
25、ain points. These are the central features of your speech. You should choose them carefully, phrase them precisely, and organize them strategically. Because listeners cannot keep track of a multitude of main points, most speeches should contain no more than two to five main points. Each main point s
26、hould focus on a single idea, should be worded clearly, and should receive enough emphasis to be clear and convincing. Supporting materials are the back up ideas for your main points. When organizing supporting materials, make sure they are directly relevant to the main points they are supposed to s
27、upport. And connectives help tie a speech together. They are words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationship between them. Using them effectively will make your speeches more unified and coherent. 2 If you go over any mailorder catalogue, youll find that organizers ar
28、e the most popular items for sale. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The purposes of the two experiments made by some college professors about the importance of organization are different. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Its more difficult to pay attention to the speaker than to under stand message of a speech. （ A）
29、Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The conclusion is the shortest and less important part of a speech. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 You will usually prepare the introduction first. It is much easier to create an effective body after you know exactly what you will say. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 All the main points should r
30、eceive the same emphasis, in order to develop each main point clearly and fully. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 You can begin the process of planning the body of a speech when you determine the main points. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 You should select your main points carefully, _, and arrange them strategica
31、lly. 10 There are five basic patterns of organization used most often by public speaker: _, spatial, causal, problemsolution, and topical order. 11 _ help tie a speech together and make your speeches more unified and coherent. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversation
32、s and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, an
33、d decide which is the best answer. （ A） Professor Simms kept the class late. （ B） He couldnt find Professor Simmss classroom. （ C） Professor Simms, lecture is about the sea. （ D） He didnt understand Professor Simms lecture. （ A） His lecture today is about birds behavior. （ B） Prof. Brown will cancel
34、 class today. （ C） He always starts the class at nine. （ D） He always begins the class ten minutes late. （ A） She doesnt like her trip to Arizona. （ B） She is looking forward to her trip to Arizona. （ C） She enjoyed her trip to Arizona greatly. （ D） She wants the man to go with her to Arizona. （ A）
35、She is on the phone now. （ B） She is busy now. （ C） She is at a meeting now. （ D） She is in the middle of cooking. （ A） Its $500. （ B） Its $125. （ C） Its $25. （ D） Its $400. （ A） He is often asked to go and see exhibits. （ B） He would like to go and see the exhibits. （ C） He went to see the exhibits
36、 last year. （ D） He definitely doesnt want to go. （ A） His English is still poor after ten years in America. （ B） He doesnt mind speaking English with an accent. （ C） He doesnt like the way Americans speak. （ D） He speaks English as if he were a native speaker. （ A） Manager and employee. （ B） Salesm
37、an and customer. （ C） Guide and tourist. （ D） Professor and student. （ A） To describe an upcoming video presentation, （ B） To introduce a lecture series. （ C） To introduce a speaker to a group. （ D） To provide background information for a special exhibit. （ A） They displayed it for decoration. （ B）
38、They used it to display new tools. （ C） They used it for cooking and storage. （ D） They sold it to art collectors. （ A） The clay was placed in molds. （ B） Special tools were used to shape the clay. （ C） Each person was responsible for a particular part of the process. （ D） It was created on pottery
39、wheels. （ A） Children dont get enough education safety. （ B） Children are keen on dangerous games. （ C） The playgrounds are in poor condition. （ D） The playgrounds are overcrowded. （ A） Friends. （ B） Sea birds. （ C） A trip. （ D） Fridays. （ A） To sit in the sun. （ B） To watch the waves. （ C） To have
40、picnics. （ D） To observe sea birds. （ A） Saturday. （ B） One year later. （ C） Friday. （ D） After the summer. （ A） Playing the guitar. （ B） Working at a restaurant. （ C） Singing in a rock concert. （ D） Dancing in a ballet recital. （ A） In San Francisco. （ B） In Washington. （ C） In Chicago. （ D） In New
41、 York. （ A） In a restaurant. （ B） In a book shop. （ C） In a record store. （ D） In a theater. （ A） Shes going to New York. （ B） Shes going to Chicago. （ C） Shes going to Washington. （ D） Shes going to San Francisco. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of
42、each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They are unfriendly to Gypsies. （ B） They admire the musical talent of the Gypsies. （ C
43、） They axe envious of Gypsies. （ D） They try to put up with Gypsies. （ A） They are now taught in their own language. （ B） They axe now allowed to attend local schools. （ C） Special schools have been set up for them. （ D） Permanent homes have been built for them. （ A） Full shots. （ B） Long shots. （ C
44、） Action shots. （ D） Close up shots. （ A） Stuntman. （ B） Actor. （ C） Film producer. （ D） Movie critic. （ A） In 1905. （ B） In 1908. （ C） In1898. （ D） In 1903. （ A） To indicate when Annie Lees husband would return. （ B） To avoid criticism of the close up shot. （ C） To shock Griffith contemporaries. （
45、D） To show who Annie Lee was thinking about. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks
46、 numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 There are a lot of good cameras available at the【 B1】
47、 _. Most of these are made in Japan. But there are also good【 B2】 _models from Germany and the USA. We have【 B3】 _a range of different models to see which is the best【 B4】_for money. After a number of different tests and inter views with people who are【 B5】 _with different cameras being accessed, ou
48、r researchers【 B6】 _the Olympic BY model as the best autofocus camera available at the moment. It costs $200 although you may well want to spend more 【 B7】 _as much as another 200 dollars on buying【 B8】 _lenses and other equipment. It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use.【 B9】 _, whereas the Ameri
49、can versions are considerably more expensive. The Olympic BY model weighs only 320 grams, which is quite a bit less than other cameras of a similar type. Indeed, one of the other models we looked at weighed almost twice as much.【 B10】 _. All the people we interviewed expressed almost total satisfaction with it.【 B11】 _. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section,
