1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 184及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic On the Olympic Games. You should write at least 120 following the outline given below in Chinese: 1.奥运是当今世界上最令人振奋的事 件之一。 2.奥运也给举办国的经济发展带来了机遇。 3.我国 (北京 )应该如何为奥运做准备。
2、二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the pas
3、sage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 ACID RAIN: Whats the Solution? One of the wildest regions in the U.S., far from civilization, is the Adirondack area of northern New York State. Fo
4、r years this isolated spot has had the reputation of being one of best fishing spots in the U.S. As a boy 30 years ago, Bill Marleau first through the Adirondack wilderness near his small cabin on Woods Lake. Thousands of sportsmen have stayed at his fathers lodge nearby. But now Bills 134 hectares
5、(335 acres) of lakefront land have only scenic value. Gone are those huge trout that used to swim in the turbulent, nutrientrich water a short distance from his doorstep. Gone from the cool nights are the sounds of thousands of frogs and toads. And gone are the birds that once fed on those water cre
6、atures. Occasionally Bill sees a lone fisherman fruitlessly cast his bait into the empty waters of old lake. “I just dont have the heart to tell,“ he said. “This old lakes dead. It was killed years ago by acid rain.“ What is acid rain? Acid rain is a popular term for precipitation in the form of rai
7、n, sleet, snow or hail that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is produced when atmospheric moisture combines with pollutants from power plants, factories and automobiles. When fossil fuels such as coal and oil are burned, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are produced. These two gases react wi
8、th the water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form droplets of weak sulfur and nitric acid. Carried by prevailing winds and weather conditions, clouds containing these droplets travel hundreds, sometimes thousands, of kilometers from the source of the pollutants. Recently scientists found that acid r
9、ain now affects huge areas of the North Hemisphere. Power plants and factories in the heavily industrialized regions of Ohio and Indiana are believed to be the source of the acid rain that killed Woods Lake along with hundreds of others in New York State and eastern Canada. Acid haze over Alaska is
10、believed to come all the way from Japan. And precipitation as acid as vinegar that falls on Scotland and Scandinavia probably originates in England. How Acidity Is Measured Scientists measure the acidity of rain in pH units. A pH scale from 0 to 14 is used. Depending upon its chemical composition, a
11、 solution is either acidic, alkaline (basic), or neutral. Distilled water, which has a pH of 7, is neutral. Substance with pH values less than 7 are acidic, while those over 7 are alkaline. Normal rain water with a pH of 5.6 is slightly acidic. But after reacting with industrial pollutants, particul
12、arly sulfur dioxide, the pH of rain quickly drops. When acid rain falls to Earth, much of it ends up in lakes and ponds. In addition to failing directly into a lake, acid rains runs off land into streams and rivers that eventually flow into lakes and ponds. Once acid rain gets into them, its effects
13、 can be deadly. Studies started in 1975 in the Adirondacks indicate that salamanders and frogs are the first to die when the pH is lowered. Normally the pH of a lake is 8,0 slightly alkaline. When the pH drops to 7, the eggs of salamanders and frogs fail to hatch. At pH 6.6 snails begin to die. Bact
14、eria that decompose leaf matter die too, and the leaf matter collects on the lake bottom. As the acidity continues to drop, ail the major food chains in the lake become affected. In time all the fish die. Eventually primitive, oxygenconsuming plants nearly choke out all other aquatic greenery. Algae
15、 and fungal growth that thrive in an acidic environment move in and cover the entire bottom of the now destroyed lake. Looking like blue vinegar, the lake is now an entirely changed ecosystem. It contains no life expect the fungal and algal growth and a few surfacedwelling water bugs. Acid rain also
16、 affects plants on land. The effects of acid rain on terrestrial vegetation are not as well documented or as clearly understood as its effects on lake. Experiments by Ellis B. Cowling of North Carolina State University, however, indicate that acid rain destroys the natural waxy coating on tree leave
17、s and fruits. This destruction makes the plants more susceptible to disease. Acid Rain Increasing The acid rain problem seems to be getting worse. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the amount of sulfur dioxide from power plants, autos, and factories is four times greater than it was
18、25 years ago. And federal airpollution regulations dont seem to be helping as much as had been expected. One problem is that the Clean Air Act of 1977 established air pollution standard based on measurements made at ground level. Environmentalists claim that this action has encouraged polluters to s
19、pread airborne pollutants at higher elevation instead of eliminating them altogether. Tall smokestacks, often more than 100 stories tall, now spread sulfur dioxide close to watercarrying clouds. Power company officials stress, however, that the tall stacks significantly reduce air pollution in areas
20、 near the power plants. And the officials also point to cleanup currently underway in the industry to reduce the amount of pollutants. New, cleanerburning furnaces have been installed in recently constructed power plants. Scrubbers are also available that can be installed on industrial and power pla
21、nt smokestacks. The scrubbers can remove up to 85 percent of the sulfur such as lowsulfur, liquid coal. What can be done about lakes that are already acidic? Acidity can be reduced by dropping tons of lime (an alkaline substance) into the lake water. However, this solution is very expensive. Less op
22、timistic scientists are trying to breed acidtolerant fish. These, however measures at best. The solution to acid rain can only come about cooperation between industry, government, and scientists. 2 The Adirondack area of northern New York State has changed a lot by acid rain. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3
23、 Acid rain is produced when atmospheric moisture combines with pollutants from paper mill (造纸厂 ) , factories and automobiles. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Acid rain means the precipitation in the form of rain, snow or hail which is more acidic than normal. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Substances with pH value
24、s less than 7 are alkaline. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 When the acidity insists on dropping, many creatures in the lakes and ponds will become affected. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The acid rain destroys the protection on tree leaves, which makes the plants more vulnerable to disease. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG
25、 8 The acid rain problem has improved a lot. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Scientists measure the acidity of rain in _. 10 To deal with the lakes _. 11 The solution to acid rain can only come about _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At t
26、he end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answe
27、r. （ A） The store carries all the latest books. （ B） There was a bookstore there before. （ C） The books in the store are old. （ D） The new bookstore is too far away. （ A） Hes not sure how much a printer costs. （ B） Hell buy a computer later this week. （ C） He lost money he was saving. （ D） He doesnt
28、 have enough money to buy a printer now. （ A） They havent been cleaned. （ B） There arent any available. （ C） They are always expensive, （ D） They are inexpensive now. （ A） Its $1.00. （ B） Its $1.15. （ C） Its $5.50. （ D） Its $1.25. （ A） Better. （ B） Sick. （ C） Fine. （ D） Tired. （ A） Jessie should kno
29、w the marketing director better. （ B） Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss. （ C） Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind. （ D） Jessie always says what she thinks. （ A） Jimmy is not serious in making decisions. （ B） Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house. （ C） Jimmys words are often not reliab
30、le. （ D） Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchman. （ A） Reading on the campus lawn. （ B） Depositing money in the balk. （ C） Applying for financial aid. （ D） Reviewing a students application. （ A） He lost his notes. （ B） He missed the class. （ C） He is doing research on alternative fuels. （ D） Hes stud
31、ying for a test. （ A） It will increase the amount of unpleasant odors from vehicles. （ B） It will eventually destroy the ozone layer. （ C） It will reduce the amount of pollutants in the air. （ D） It will reduce the cost of running large vehicles. （ A） To preserve for a test. （ B） To tell her if the
32、notes are accurate. （ C） To help him explain the information to his roommate. （ D） To help him write a paper. （ A） They thought it quite acceptable. （ B） They believed it to be a luxury. （ C） They took it to be a trend. （ D） They considered it avoidable. （ A） Critical. （ B） Serious. （ C） Skeptical.
33、（ D） Casual. （ A） When people consider marriage an important part of their lives. （ B） When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable. （ C） When the current marriage law is modified. （ D） When husband and wife understand each other better. （ A） To examine the chemical elements in the Ice Ag
34、e. （ B） To look into the pattern of solar wind activity. （ C） To analyze the composition of different trees. （ D） To find out the origin of carbon14 on Earth. （ A） She works parttime as Prof. Johnsons secretary. （ B） She used to do the job herself. （ C） She just came out an interview for the job. （
35、D） She is Prof. Johnsons daughter. （ A） Its very good. （ B） It should be higher. （ C） Its the same as the post office pays. （ D） It varies according to the persons experience. （ A） Do research in the library. （ B） Grade homework sets. （ C） Teach an introductory economic course. （ D） Make up homework
36、 problem. （ A） He wonders if hell have enough time to do the job. （ B） He fears that the job may be too boring. （ C） He thinks Prof. Johnson has someone else in mind. （ D） He is afraid he wont know enough to do the job well. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At t
37、he end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） When it is breeding. （ B） When it feels threatened by humans in its territory
38、. （ C） When its offspring is threatened. （ D） When it is suffering from illness. （ A） They are not as dangerous as people think. （ B） They can be as friendly to humans as dogs. （ C） They attack human beings by nature. （ D） They are really tame sea animals. （ A） She was bored with her idle life at ho
39、me. （ B） She was offered a good job by her neighbor. （ C） She wanted to help with the familys finances. （ D） Her family would like to see her more involved in social life. （ A） Doing housework. （ B） Looking after her neighbors children. （ C） Reading papers and watching TV. （ D） Taking good care of h
40、er husband. （ A） Jane got angry at Bills idle life. （ B） Bill failed to adapt to the new situation. （ C） Bill blamed Jane for neglecting the family. （ D） The children were not taken good care of. （ A） Neighbors should help each other. （ B） Women should have their own careers. （ C） Man and wife shoul
41、d share household duties. （ D） Parents should take good care of their children. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you
42、 are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The human body is
43、a remarkable food processor. As an adult, you may consume【 B1】 _a ton of food per year and still not【 B2】 _or lose a pound of body weight. You are【 B3】 _harnessing, and consuming energy through the intricate【 B4】 _of your body in order to remain in energy balance. To【 B5】 _a given body weight, your
44、energy input must balance your energy out put. However, sometimes the【 B6】 _energy balance is upset, and your【 B7】 _body weight will either fall or【 B8】 _. The term body image refers to the mental image we have of our own physical appearance, and【 B9】 _. Research has revealed that about 40 percent o
45、f adult men and 55 per cent of adult women are dissatisfied with their current body weight.【 B10】_. At the college level, a study found that 85percent of both male and female first year students desired to change their body weight.【 B11】 _. Thinness is currently an attribute that females desire high
46、ly. Males generally desire muscularity. The vast majority of individuals who want to change their body weight do it for the sake of appearance: most want to lose excess body fat, while a smaller percentage of individuals actually want to gain weight. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【
47、 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 47 Last years economy in the U
48、nited States should have won the Oscar (奥斯卡奖 ) for best picture. Growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percent; profits soared up; exports flourished; and inflation (通货膨胀 )stayed around 3 percent for the third year. So why did so many Americans give the picture only a B rating? The answer is jobs
49、. The macroeconomic (宏观经济的 ) situation was good, but the microeconomic (微观经济的 ) numbers were not. Yes, 3 million new jobs were there, but not enough of them were permanent, good jobs paying enough to support a family. Job insecurity was not good. Even as they announced higher sales and profits, corporations acted as if they were in a loss, cutting 516,069 jobs in 1994 alone, almost as many as in the bad year of 1991. Yes, unemployment went down. But over 1 m
