1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 188及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Sandstorms. You should write no less than 120 words, and your composition should be based on the following information: 近年来，沙尘暴一直困扰着人们的生活。尽管人们已经认识到这一可怕的现象，但似乎也没有什么特别有效
2、的办法来防止它。作为一个公民，你认为哪些是防止沙尘暴的必要方法 ?阐明原因。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agree
3、s with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Highways Early in the 20th century, most of the street and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and c
4、edar wood blocks. Built for the horse, carriage and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate automobiles. With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路 ) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of
5、 paved roads. Many were built using certifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restriction
6、s, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads thorough the country nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Armys first transcontinental motor convey, he noted “the old convoy had started me thinking about good, tw
7、oline highway, but Germanys autobahn motorways had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.“ It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in truck and new roads required. The war demonstra
8、ted how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control highways had led to a confusing variety of design s
9、tandards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36.000 pounds, while other restricted anything over 7000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed FederalAid Highway Act of 1944, wh
10、ich called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of century. To build its 44000mile web of highways, bridges and tunnel, hundreds of unique engineering designs and
11、solutions had to be work out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plants. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of the road use, and the nature of the underlyin
12、g soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, bridges, overpasses and interchanges that could run through and bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America. Longspan, segmentconcrete, cabstayed bridges such as Ha
13、le boggs in Louisian and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like fort McHenry in Maryland and Mr. Baker in Washington, met many of the nations challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway constructi
14、on around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban and streets and traffic patterns. Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S., with Canada and Mexico. Build with the safety in mind, the highways have wide lines and shoulders dividing and median or bar
15、rier, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited success. The death rate on highways is half of all other U.S. road (0.86 deaths per 100 million passengers miles compare to 1.99 death per 100 million on all other roads). By opening the North American continent, highways
16、 have enable consumer goods services to reach people in remote and rural area of the country, spurred the suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terra of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what
17、cherish most: personal freedom mobility. The interstate system had been an essential element of the nations economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nations freight deliveries arrived by trucks; and most products that arrived by rail or air use interstates f
18、or the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spinoff industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plant
19、s and other industries from urban areas to rural. By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved road, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. T
20、he year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bearUnited states. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.“ 2 National standards for paved roads were in placed by 1921.
21、 （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorway made more sense than the twolane highways of America. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Many of the p
22、roblems presented by the countrys geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The interstate highw
23、ay system provides access between major military installations in America. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Service station, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was _. 10 Trucks u
24、sing the interstate highway delivers more than _. 11 The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about
25、 what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） They went a long way to attend the party. （ B） They didnt thin
26、k much of the food and drinks. （ C） They knew none of the other guests at the party. （ D） They enjoyed the party better than the other guests. （ A） To the bookstore. （ B） To the dentists. （ C） To the market. （ D） To the post office. （ A） Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness. （ B） She d
27、isagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions. （ C） Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting. （ D） She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician. （ A） Tom is usually talkative. （ B） Tom has a very bad temper. （ C） Tom has dozens of things to attend to. （ D） Torn is disliked by his colleag
28、ues. （ A） To pickup the woman from the library. （ B） To make a copy of the schedule for his friend. （ C） To find out more about the topic for the seminar. （ D） To get the seminar schedule for the woman. （ A） The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways. （ B） The woman has sold her used textbooks
29、 to the bookstore. （ C） The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore. （ D） The man doesnt want to sell his textbooks to the woman. （ A） Attend a conference. （ B） Give a speech. （ C） Meet his lawyer. （ D） Make a business trip. （ A） Jessie always says what she thinks. （ B） Jessie seems to ha
30、ve a lot on her mind. （ C） Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss. （ D） Jessie should know the marketing director better. （ A） In a classroom. （ B） Over the telephone. （ C） At the information desk of a university. （ D） At the registrars office of a university. （ A） Her number is 9087436. （ B） S
31、he works far from Building A. （ C） She will take the evening course. （ D） She wants to study Mandarin and Spanish. （ A） The course is for beginners. （ B） The daytime lessons are more popular. （ C） The course wont begin until August 11. （ D） The course is available at 10:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 a
32、.m （ A） He was once a friend of the ruler. （ B） He was a tax collector. （ C） He was a government official. （ D） He was once a school teacher in India. （ A） To declare new ways of collecting tax. （ B） To entertain those who had made great contributions to the government. （ C） To collect money from th
33、e person invited. （ D） To reward outstanding tax collectors. （ A） They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for. （ B） They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler. （ C） They were excused from paying income tax. （ D） They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the rulers palace. （
34、A） They are interested in other kinds of reading. （ B） They are active in voluntary services. （ C） They tend to be low in education and in income. （ D） They live in isolated areas. （ A） A mountain resort. （ B） A seaside resort. （ C） A desert. （ D） The outback of Australia. （ A） Fellow teachers. （ B）
35、 Freshmen of a university. （ C） Secondyear students. （ D） Either seniors or juniors. （ A） There are mountains nearby. （ B） Hes been there once. （ C） He wants to be away from the hustle and bustle. （ D） He heard it would be fun to be there. （ A） Finish their course work. （ B） Plan out their holiday i
36、n detail. （ C） Head for Sydney. （ D） Buy some necessities for their trip. （ A） She was found stealing in a bookstore. （ B） She caught someone in the art of stealing. （ C） She admitted having stolen something. （ D） She said she was wrongly accused of stealing. （ A） A book. （ B） $ 3,000. （ C） A handba
37、g. （ D） A Christmas card. （ A） She was questioned by the police. （ B） She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes. （ C） She was insulted by the shopper around her. （ D） She was body searched by the store manager. （ A） They refused to apologize for having followed her though the town. （ B） They regre
38、tted having wrongly accused her of stealing. （ C） They still suspected that she was a thief. （ D） They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question
39、s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The cruel master. （ B） The man in the kitchen. （ C） The pet bird. （ D） Tile fourth chicken. （ A） The bird had finally understood his threat. （ B） The bird managed t
40、o escape from the chicken house （ C） The bird had learned to scream back at him. （ D） The bird was living peacefully with the chickens. （ A） Their business hours are limited. （ B） Their safety measures are inadequate. （ C） Their banking procedures am complicated. （ D） They dont have enough service w
41、indows. （ A） People who are in the habit of switching from one bank to another. （ B） Young people who are fond of modem technology. （ C） Young people who are wealthy and welleducated. （ D） People who have computers at home. （ A） To compete for customers. （ B） To reduce the size of their staff. （ C）
42、To provide services for distant clients. （ D） To expand their operations at a lower cost. （ A） His friend gave him the wrong key. （ B） He didnt know where the back door was. （ C） He couldnt find the key to his mailbox. （ D） It was too dark to put the key in the lock. Section C Directions: In this se
43、ction, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks
44、numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 40 Russia is the largest economic power that is not a member of the World Trade Organization. But that may change. Last Friday, the E
45、uropean Union said it would support Russias【 B1】 _to be come a W. T.O. member. Representatives of the European Union met with Russian【 B2】 _in Moscow. They signed a trade agreement that took six years to【 B3】 _. Russia called the trade agreement【 B4】 _balanced. It a greed to slowly increase fuel pri
46、ces within the country. It also agreed to permit【 B5】 _, in its communications industry and to re move some barriers to trade. In【 B6】 _for European support to join the W. T. O, Russian President Putin said that Russia would speed up the【 B7】 _to approve the Kyoto Protocol, an international【 B8】 _ag
47、reement to reduce the production of harmful industrial gases.【 B9】 _. Russia had signed the Kyoto Protocol, but has not yet approved it. The agreement takes effect when it has been approved by nations that produce at least 55 percent of the worlds greenhouse gases.【 B10】 _. The United States: the wo
48、rlds biggest producer, withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol after President Bush took office in 200 So, Russias approval is required to put the Kyoto Protocol into effect. 【 B11】 _. Russia must still reach agreements with China, Japan, South Korea and the United States. 41 【 B1】 42 【 B2】 43 【 B3】 44 【 B
49、4】 45 【 B5】 46 【 B6】 47 【 B7】 48 【 B8】 49 【 B9】 50 【 B10】 51 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 52 In your report,_. (你应当做出对整个事件的详细描述 ). 53 _ (尽管有金融危机 ), they did not find the life in London unpleasant. 54 Being out of work and having two young children,_. (夫妻俩发现维持
