1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 190及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the topic: The Ecological Crisis on the Booming Tourism. You should write no less than 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1旅游业在中国迅速发展。 2但在旅游业繁荣的同时，生
2、态环境也遭到破坏。 3我们应提倡生态旅游 (ecotourism)。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees wi
3、th the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods Lions and tigers and bears, oh, my! It can happen to even an Eagle Scout:
4、 The trail disappears, directions get confused, and a sudden, turn in the weather forces you away from familiar landmarks. All of a sudden, the thin chain between you and civilization has broken. Youre not just Getting Away From It All youre lost. But take heart: Losing your way doesnt have to mean
5、losing your head. Follow the tips in this tutorial to minimize the danger to yourself, and to keep yourself from getting even more lost. Youll notice that the title of this passage is not “Learn to Get UnLost“ but “Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods“ the goat here is not to turn you into a wilde
6、rness orientation expert (or a survival expert), but to make it as easy as possible for others to find you safe and sound. “Be Prepared“ is the Boy Scout motto, and if you dont believe in making some kind of preparations you have no business being out in the woods in the first place. Being lost does
7、nt kill people; its the doings without (food, clothing, shelter, medical attention) that does them in. Whether packing for an afternoon picnic or a weeklong hiking, observe the Rule of Change: Prepare not only for the weather conditions that exist when you start out, but for the weather that weather
8、 can turn into. You dont need to take an umbrella when youre hiking Death Valley (unless you want some shade), but you should cram a rainhat in your pack in Yosemite, even the forecast calls for sunshine. You dont need a parka(风雪大衣 ) for that day trip, but your clothing should add up to several laye
9、rs: Put them on or peel them off as the temperature dictates. You should always, always bring matches or a lighter. Put them in your backpack right nowgo on, well wait and dont take them out when you clean out your pack (do, however, check to make sure theyre still serviceable). Always bring more wa
10、ter than you expect to drink and dont drink it just because you have it. If your mouth is thirsty, you can moisten it with a single mouthful; you dont need to chug(一口气地喝 ) down the bottle. The best way to avoid getting lost is (obviously) to keep to a trail, so resist the temptation to walk off into
11、 the virgin wild unless you know exactly what youre doing. Besides being environmentally unfriendly and often illegal, straying from the trail is flirting with danger. Just as you can drown in an inch of water, you can get hopelessly lost in five minutes of pathless wandering. Theres just one more i
12、nflexible rule: Dont leave for the outdoors unless theres someone wholl notice you havent returned. You dont have to post a formal itinerary (旅行计划 ) at the rangers office, but at least mention to a friend or family member where youre going and when you expect to be back. For the price of a phone cal
13、l, you can keep getting lost from becoming a permanent disappearance. Step One Dont Panic First of all, get a grip on yourself. Take ten slow, deep breaths (actually count them) if you do feel panicky. Its normal to feel scared, but keep in mind that all youve lost is a bit of information. An unknow
14、n patch of forest isnt inherently more dangerous than a known patch. Its just unknown to you. Begin by acknowledging that youre lost or if youre with one or more other people, by gently creating the consensus that youre lost. Some folks tend to deny the situation, right up to the point where they ma
15、rch off a diff. Dont let macho (or macha) attitude endanger everyone. There are two common reactions youll want to avoid. One is panic, which usually triggers the flight response in humans. Running wildly around, even for a few minutes, could get you irretrievably(无法弥补的 ) lost (if not injured). The
16、other reaction is overcompensation: Deciding that its time to play Robinson Crusoe of the Redwoods and trying to build a cabin, search for food, and lay in a cord of wood before nightfall. You may end up spending a night or so in the wild, but conserve your energy. Tired people dont think as well as
17、 rested ones, and they require more food and water to keep going. Step Two Judge the Situation Now that youre calm, collected and not in denial, sit down and think things through. How long have you been lost? Mentally trace your thoughts back to the last point where you definitely knew your location
18、. How long ago was that? In what general direction have you been traveling since then? If you have a compass, use it now to give your directional sense some beatings: We came from that away and thats Northwest, but we started walking South; so the trail must have slowly looped, and so forth. Even if
19、 you dont have a compass, try to approximate this kind of locationsense while your memories are fresh. If you dont have a compass, see Step 3. Now you have some decisions to make: If you havent been lost long and seem to be in relatively safe terrain (not surrounded by rock, slides or thorn bushes,
20、for instance), you may decide to retrace your steps. If so, skip to Step 3. If the circumstances suggest that further wandering may be dangerous (night is falling, cliff edges abound), then you may want to stay out and wait for rescue. If so, skip to Step 5. Step Three Retrace your Steps (if appropr
21、iate) If youve decided to try and undo your error, then hike in the direction from which you came, keeping careful track not only of orientation but of time. If youve been lost for ten minutes but a tenminute walk doesnt return you to your trail, youre just getting more lost. In such a case, pause a
22、nd return to your original location, then try again. When retracing= Try tracking yourself. You werent on a trail, so you probably left tracks you can follow in reverse. One handy trick is to frequently look over your shoulder as youre retracing the idea is to recreate the view you had when you were
23、 walking there in the first place. Looking back might refresh your memory of a particular landmark, or help you recognize familiar terrain. If you dont have a compass: To be certain you wont stray from your intended direction, line up three landmarks in the direction you want to go, all following a
24、straight line from your line of sight. Then walk in a beeline (i. e., as straight as possible), keeping the landmarks in sight. Leave a sign, As you go, its a good idea to leave markers, or a sign, to help potential rescuers locate you. Ways to leave a sign include dragging a heavy stick, propping u
25、p(支撑，撑住 )sticks or rocks in unnatural ways or making a flag from a stick and some trash or a cloth. Step Four Try to Pick up a Trail (if appropriate) Cant find your trail? If youve opted to stay mobile, you might want to pick up any old trail. any path that probably leads to somewhere, if only to a
26、better path. In that case: Keep in mind that trails are usually in logical places, i.e. where the land will be more traversable(能越过的 ). Search next to creeks or rivers, on or below ridges, and across meadows. Holding an eye to your present location, wander around in the immediate area, say 50 yards/
27、meters in all directions. Like looking over your shoulder (see Step 3), the change in perspective may jog(唤起，提醒 )your memory. If youre not alone you can range even further: Designate one person as the stayput “anchor“, and have the others wander around within earshot(听力所及的范围 ). Have the anchor shout
28、 out periodicallyyelling out the time every minute on the minute is a good idea. 2 This tutorials goal is to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert or a survival expert. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 It is essential that you always bring matches, a lighter and a knife in your backpack and dont take
29、 them out when you clean out your pack. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 According to the passage, if its daytime, it is unnecessary to build a fire. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Give your friends or family members a phone call and tell them your return time, or you will lose the chance of being found in case you
30、 get lost in the woods. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 If you get lost, you should keep calm because all that youve lost maybe just a bit of information. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 One of the common reactions when you get lost is fear, which may cause you running around wildly. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 When yo
31、u calm down a little bit, try to think twice and discuss how to find another way. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 If youre lost for ten minutes but a tenminute walk doesnt return you to your trail, youd better stop and _. 10 The passage in Step Three suggests that its a good idea to leave markers, or a sign
32、 to _. 11 Step Four mentions that trails are usually in logical places, try to seek trails near _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the c
33、onversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Feel sorry that she cant help the man. （ B） Lend the man her pencil and paper. （ C） Ask
34、someone else to help the man. （ D） Give the man the notes. （ A） Jason will arrive at 7:30. （ B） Jason should have arrived at 8:00 （ C） Jason is usually punctual. （ D） Jason is not very punctual. （ A） In a railway station. （ B） In a hotel room. （ C） In a restaurant. （ D） At the airport. （ A） She will
35、 help the man later. （ B） She doesnt want to help him with the homework. （ C） The man should do the homework himself. （ D） The man should watch the program first. （ A） A movie. （ B） A lecture. （ C） A play. （ D） A speech. （ A） He usually talks quietly. （ B） He usually assigns homework. （ C） He didnt
36、teach class today. （ D） He noticed that the students didnt do their homework （ A） The show is too difficult to understand. （ B） There is nothing worth seeing there. （ C） She doesnt understand whats on the show. （ D） The room is too small for the audience. （ A） The weather is changeable. （ B） The wea
37、ther forecast is unreliable. （ C） It will rain very soon. （ D） She hasnt read the newspaper. （ A） in the middle of the semester （ B） at the beginning of exams （ C） at the end of the school year （ D） in the middle of summer vacation （ A） a rock and mineral show （ B） an opera at the concert hall （ C）
38、a movie at the student center （ D） a popular music concert （ A） because she gets a student discount （ B） because Bob doesnt have very much money （ C） because she lost a bet and owes Bob money （ D） because Bob left his wallet at home （ A） Pass his math class. （ B） Get a good job. （ C） Get his degree.
39、 （ D） Change his field of study. （ A） First year. （ B） Second year. （ C） Third year. （ D） Fourth year. （ A） The instructor did not like him. （ B） He did not bother with studying. （ C） He made a mistake early in the problem. （ D） He wanted to transfer out. （ A） psychology （ B） math （ C） English （ D）
40、material Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D
41、. （ A） Its largest expansion took place during that period. （ B） Its role in society went through a dramatic change. （ C） Small universities combined to form bigger ones. （ D） Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities. （ A） Private donations. （ B） Government funding. （ C） Grants fro
42、m corporations. （ D） Fees paid by students. （ A） A car outside the supermarket. （ B） A car at the bottom of the hill. （ C） Pauls car. （ D） The sports car. （ A） Inside the car. （ B） At the foot of the hill. （ C） In the garage. （ D） In the supermarket. （ A） The driver of the sports car. （ B） The two g
43、irls inside the car. （ C） The bus driver. （ D） Paul. （ A） Nobody. （ B） The two girls. （ C） The man standing nearby. （ D） The salesman from London. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for
44、its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exac
45、t words you have just heard or write down the 32 All children are【 B1】 _of having friends, although high selfesteem really helps them【 B2】 _, says Kathy Noll. Noll is the author of Taking the Bully by the Horns, which offers help to both bullies and their victims. How can you tell whether your child
46、 may be having trouble making friends? Noll lists several warning signs to watch for: depression,【 B3】 _to go to school, difficulty concentrating, poor grades, doesnt bring other kids home to play, seems to get a long better with【 B4】 _. To help your child make friends, you need to show that you【 B5
47、】 _and can be trusted. Focus on the【 B6】 _, Noll says. Instead of pointing out what is causing your childs failure, talk about what he can do to succeed. Noll points out that the【 B7】 _of success improve with better basic【 B8】_skills. The advice to “hold your head high“ isnt just figurative in this
48、case. Your child could look like an easy target if she walks with her head and shoulders down, speaks meekly, or doesnt make eye contact.【 B9】 _. If he tells you hes fearful about a new situation because he wont know anyone, remind him of times hes triumphed in similar situations. If your daughter c
49、omes home from Valentines Day at school crushed because she didnt get any cards, talk to her about those feelings. Dont dismiss them; the hurt is very real. Talk about possible reasons why she didnt get valentines. Maybe her friends didnt make them. Maybe they didnt have enough for everyone, or maybe they forgot to bring them. Experiences like this do happen to kids, and theyre very pain
