1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 206及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Study the following graph carefully and write an essay on the topic What Jobs Do College Students Want to Do. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. Write you composition on the Answer Sheet.1. 男女学生就业选择的
2、区别。 2. 分析造成差异的原因。二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information
3、 given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, u
4、tensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about the waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wonder
5、ed, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major cou
6、ntries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills. How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either rec
7、ycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥 ) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percen
8、t of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill
9、disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills. What Is a Landfill? There are two ways to bury trash: Dump-an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a l
10、andfill!) Landfill-carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. Sanitary landfill-landfill that uses a clay liner to
11、 isolate the trash from the environment Municipal solid waste (MSW) LANDFILL-landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment . The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will no
12、t be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂 ) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the Landfill For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they
13、follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibili
14、ties. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done one the proposed site to determine: the area of land necessary for the landfill the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock the flow of surface water over the site the impact of the propose
15、d landfill on the local environment and wildlife the historical value of the proposed site Building the Landfill Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfills site must be built
16、if they do not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫 ) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface. What Happens to Trash in a Landfi
17、ll? Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily
18、 readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated? A landfill, such as the North Wake Country Landfill, must be open and ava
19、ilable every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill. Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling Center where residents can drop off recyclable materials Aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). T
20、his helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycles. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary fr
21、om 10 to 40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake Country Landfill has an operating budget of approximately 4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees. Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the
22、landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled. In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chem
23、icals are disposed of b private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants. Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane(甲烷 )station. Land
24、fills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane. 2 The passage gives a general description of the structure and
25、 use of a landfill. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Landfills are like
26、compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buries trash. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governme
27、nts. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Hazardous wastes have to be treated before helping dumped into landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Our mother grew up _ than we. 10 In learning about our mothers past, we can construct her story by _. 11 To understand our mother better, we can discover a link to her throu
28、gh _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a p
29、ause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） It will probably rain tomorrow. （ B） It will rain much later in the week. （ C） He needs to buy another umbrella. （ D） The weather forecast is always inaccurate. （ A） The movie is no
30、t good. （ B） The movie is excellent. （ C） He wants to see the movie again. （ D） He doesnt want to stay at home. （ A） He was tired. （ B） His appointment was changed. （ C） He had a flat tyre. （ D） His bicycle was stolen. （ A） At the reception desk in a hotel. （ B） In a bus terminal. （ C） In a restaura
31、nt. （ D） In a hotel room. （ A） 9:05. （ B） 8:55. （ C） 9:00. （ D） 8:50. （ A） A thriller. （ B） A tragic play. （ C） A comedy. （ D） A funny clown. （ A） The woman is watching an exciting film with the man. （ B） The woman cant take a photo of the man. （ C） The woman is running toward the lake. （ D） The wom
32、an is filming the lake. （ A） The speakers will not do as planned in case of rain. （ B） The speakers will postpone their program if it rains. （ C） The weather forecast says it will be fine. （ D） The weather doesnt count in their plan. （ A） Electricity bills. （ B） The cost of living. （ C） The heating
33、system. （ D） Types of energy. （ A） It is rather expensive. （ B） It cannot provide enough hot water. （ C） It cannot be used for heating the living room. （ D） It produces a lot of work and dust. （ A） About 2. （ B） About 3. （ C） About 4. （ D） About 5. （ A） Write an angry letter to the company. （ B） Mak
34、e sure that the product carries a warranty. （ C） Deal with a reliable company. （ D） Get the company to make an adjustment. （ A） The customer. （ B） The company. （ C） The company and the customer. （ D） The company and the retailer. （ A） The company may make some adjustment for the sake of good will. （
35、 B） The company may not know how to correct the situation. （ C） All the anger will get him nowhere. （ D） He may fail to include some important and factual data in the letter. （ A） Managers who want to strengthen their leadership. （ B） Managers who want to improve their strategic and technical skills
36、. （ C） Managers who lack managerial skills in general. （ D） Managers who lack human management skills. （ A） Because they cant find a suitable unfurnished house. （ B） Because they have to wait till they find a house with furniture. （ C） Because they havent saved enough money to buy furniture. （ D） Be
37、cause they are thinking about buying a house in the suburbs. （ A） To buy a furnished flat for him. （ B） To buy a plot of land and build a house for him. （ C） To give him some money to buy the furniture. （ D） To cover the expenses of his wedding. （ A） A small house with two bedrooms, a kitchen, a din
38、ing room and a bathroom. （ B） A small house with a living room, two bedrooms and a bathroom. （ C） A small house with a kitchen, a dining room, two bedrooms and a living room. （ D） A small house with a kitchen, a living room, two bedrooms and a garden. （ A） Jacks father married at a younger age than
39、Jack. （ B） Jacks parents are better off. （ C） Jack and Anne spent a lot of time on house-hunting. （ D） The building site is not to be far from where Jack works. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the p
40、assage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） He decided to go to a seaside town to give lectures. （ B） He decided to have a holiday with his children on the beach. （ C） He decided to go
41、and visit a friend of his in the seaside town with his children. （ D） Both B and C. （ A） He forgot where he was going. （ B） He forgot his friends address. （ C） He forgot to tell his wife where he was going. （ D） He forgot to take the train tickets. （ A） Nearly 7 million. （ B） Nearly 17 million. （ C）
42、 Nearly 70 million. （ D） Nearly 77 million. （ A） Early this century. （ B） Around 1840. （ C） After 1930. （ D） In the late 1800s. （ A） With the coming of the automobile. （ B） In the 1960s. （ C） 160 years ago. （ D） In the late 1800s. （ A） The rising price of gas. （ B） Peoples concern for air pollution.
43、 （ C） The growth of bicycle production. （ D） The high quality of bicycles. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are
44、required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Some people like watchi
45、ng TV at home, and others may love hiking. But I like being at a bookshop. Time spent in a bookshop can be most【 B1】 _ , whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop to find【 B2】 _ from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon
46、become totally【 B3】 _ of your surroundings. The opportunity to escape the【 B4】 _ of everyday life is, I think, the main【 B5】 _ of a bookshop. Looking around, one might not be able to see many places where it is【 B6】 _ to do this. You can wander round such a place to your hearts【 B7】 _ . If it is a g
47、ood shop, no assistant will【 B8】 _ you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?“【 B9】 _ Then, and only then, are his services necessary. 【 B10】 _ It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best selling novel. T
48、his sort of thing can be very dangerous.【 B11】 _ . 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices
49、 given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 It is possible to learn something about music through brief contact with it, but without the benefit of formal instruction. People can learn a
