1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 214及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Changes in Peoples Concept of Consumption in China. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 中国人的消费观念正在改变； 2. 现在许多人开始采用信贷方式消费； 3
2、. 你的看法。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in
3、 the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Employment in Japan Recruiting season: who, when and where Every autumn, when recruitment of new graduates and school leavers begins, major
4、 cities in Japan are flooded with students hunting for a job. Wearing suits for the first time, they run from one interview to another. The season is crucial for many students as their whole lives may be determined during this period. Permanency in employment in Japan In Japan, lifetime employment i
5、s commonly practiced by large companies. While people working in small companies and those working for subcontractors do not in general enjoy the advantages conferred (赐予 ) by the large companies, there is a general expectation that employees will in fact remain more or less permanently in the same
6、job. How new employees are used in a company Unlike in many Western countries where companies employ people whose skills can be effective immediately, Japanese companies select applicants with potential who can be trained to become suitable employees. For this reason, recruiting employees is an impo
7、rtant exercise for companies, as they invest a lot of time and money in training new staff. This is basically tree both for factory workers and for professionals. Professionals who have studied subjects which are of immediate use in the workplace, such as industrial engineers, are very often placed
8、in factories and transferred from one section to another. By gaining experience in several different areas and by working in close contact with workers, the engineers are believed, in the long run, to become more effective members of the company. Workers too feel more involved by working with profes
9、sionals and by being allowed to voice their opinions. Loyalty is believed to be cultivated in this type of egalitarian(平等主义的 )working environment. The salary structure Because of this system of training employees to be all-rounders (全才 ), mobility between companies is low. Wages are set according to
10、 educational background or initial field of employment, ordinary graduates being employed in administration, engineers in engineering and design departments and so on. Beth promotions and wage increases tend to be tied to seniority, though some differences may arise later on as a result of ability a
11、nd business performance. Wages are paid monthly, and the net sum, after the deduction of tax, is usually paid directly into a bank account. As well as salary, a bonus is usually paid twice a year. This is a custom that dates back to the time when employers gave special allowances so that employees c
12、ould properly celebrate bon, a Buddhist festival held in mid-July in Tokyo, but on other dates in other regions. The festival is held to appease (安抚 ) the souls of ancestors. The second bonus is distributed at New Year. Recently, bonuses have also been offered as a way of allowing workers a share in
13、 the profits that their hard work has gained. Women and Japanese companies Many female graduates complain that they are not given equal training and equal opportunity in comparison to male graduates. Japanese companies generally believe that female employees will eventually leave to get married and
14、have children. It is also true that, as well as the still-existing belief among women themselves that nothing should stand in the way of child-rearing, the extended hours of work often do not allow women to continue their careers after marriage. The recruitment strategy of foreign firms Disappointed
15、 career-minded female graduates often opt to work for foreign firms. Since most male graduates prefer to join Japanese firms with their guaranteed security, foreign firms are often keen to employ female graduates as their potential tends to be greater than that of male applicants. Why men sometimes
16、resign from Japanese companies Some men, however, do leave their companies in spite of future prospects, one reason being to take over the family business. The eldest sons in families that own family companies or businesses such as stores are normally expected to take over the business when their pa
17、rents retire. It is therefore quite common to see a businessman, on succeeding to his parents business, completely change his professional direction by becoming, for example, a shopkeeper. The social aspect of work On the job, working relationships tend to be very close because of the long hours of
18、work and years of service in common. Social life in fact is frequently based on the workplace. Restaurants and nomi-ya, “pubs“, are always crowded at night with people enjoying an evening out with their colleagues. Many companies organize trips and sports days for their employees. Senior staff often
19、 play the role of mentor (导师 ). This may mean becoming involved in the lives of junior staff in such things as marriage and the childrens education. Japanese people after retirement The average age of retirement is between 55 and 60. For most westerners, retirement may be an eagerly awaited time to
20、undertake such things as travel and hobbies. Many Japanese, however, simply cannot get used to the freedom of retirement and they look for ways of constructively using their time. Many look for new job, feeling that if they do not work they will be abandoned by society. This has recently led to the
21、development in some municipalities of municipal job centers which advertise casual work such as cleaning and lawn mowing. Given that Japan is facing the problem of an increasingly ageing society, such activities may be vital in the future. 2 This passage talks about the Japanese work market. （ A） Y
22、（ B） N （ C） NG 3 Summer is usually the season when Japanese companies are busy with having new employees. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Generally speaking Japanese employees do not change their job in their lifetime. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Company training in Japan is for all staff. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG
23、 6 Many female employees go on strike to complain that they are not given equal pay for equal work as men. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Some men leave their companies just because they have to take over their family businesses. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Japanese people continue to work after retirement bec
24、ause they need the income. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Japanese employers believe that moving professinals within companies and listening to workers views leads to _. 10 Employees receive their wages monthly and a bonus _. 11 Japanese workers often form close personal relationships and older staff may e
25、ven become a _ to junior staff. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each
26、question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He is ready to do anything to help. （ B） He doesnt like salad. （ C） He doesnt want to do anything for the dinner party. （ D） He prefers to do other dishes.
27、 （ A） She is keeping the money for an emergency. （ B） She will change the money for the man. （ C） She has the hobby of collecting coins. （ D） She knows it is going to rain tomorrow. （ A） They have already overcome their fears. （ B） The woman is still afraid of high places. （ C） Both of them prefer h
28、igh places nowadays. （ D） Both of them are trying to overcome their fears. （ A） Hed rather do another puzzle. （ B） He doesnt have time for puzzles. （ C） Hed like a chance to solve the puzzle. （ D） He is not as good at puzzles as the woman. （ A） He is not enthusiastic about his job. （ B） He is thinki
29、ng of leaving his job for not being promoted. （ C） He is pleased with his new job since it is not demanding. （ D） He doesnt like the newspaper job. （ A） Stay home to prepare for his exam. （ B） Go to the concert with the woman. （ C） Attend the concert after the exam. （ D） Ask the woman to study with
30、him. （ A） He knows about a larger apartment she can rent. （ B） He is helping his neighbor move. （ C） It is difficult to get an apartment in his building. （ D） The woman should stay in her present building. （ A） At a post office. （ B） At a bank. （ C） At a Human Resource managers office. （ D） At an ac
31、countants office. （ A） Knitting socks. （ B） Watching television. （ C） Chattering. （ D） Collecting socks. （ A） Watching TV is a waste of time. （ B） The man needs relaxation from recreation. （ C） Collecting socks is a waste of time. （ D） The man has to collect socks. （ A） He is too busy with his job.
32、（ B） He earns too little to have any form of recreation. （ C） He does not like it. （ D） He watches TV all night long. （ A） Synthetic fuel. （ B） Solar energy. （ C） Alcohol. （ D） Electricity. （ A） Air traffic conditions. （ B） Traffic jams on highways. （ C） Road conditions. （ D） New traffic rules. （ A）
33、 Go through a health check. （ B） Take little luggage with them. （ C） Arrive early for boarding. （ D） Undergo security checks. （ A） There are many disabled people in the world. （ B） The number of disabled people in India is the greatest. （ C） India has twice as many disabled people as in Canada. （ D）
34、 It is impossible to get an exact figure of the worlds disabled people. （ A） Secretary of the student union. （ B） President of uhe student union. （ C） Director of the radio station. （ D） Broadcaster of the radio station. （ A） Because she is a member of the union. （ B） Because she once worked as the
35、director of the radio station. （ C） Because she has a friend who worked at the radio station. （ D） Because she can give him some advice. （ A） Deliver a speech there. （ B） Work as! a director there. （ C） Work as a secretary there. （ D） Meet all the students there. （ A） Make posters. （ B） Study their
36、plan. （ C） Answer questions. （ D） Write a speech. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer f
37、rom the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They should help maintain the equipment. （ B） They should keep a watchful eye on their children. （ C） They should stop their children from climbing ladders. （ D） They should teach their children how to use the equipment. （ A） They tend to stay within s
38、houting or running distance of their parents. （ B） They should be aware of the potential risks in the playground. （ C） They may panic in front of high playground equipment. （ D） They can be creative when they feel secure. （ A） Your eye sight. （ B） Your driving ability. （ C） The mechanical condition
39、of your car. （ D） Your knowledge of traffic regulations. （ A） To practice driving with an experienced driver. （ B） To drive under normal highway condition. （ C） To have the car checked by the license officer. （ D） To use it as an identification card. （ A） The license office provides the test vehicle
40、. （ B） The examiner shows how to start, stop or park. （ C） The examiner watches you driving in your car. （ D） The test is carried out where there is little traffic. （ A） Would-be drivers. （ B） Traffic regulation markers. （ C） License examiners. （ D） Policemen. Section C Directions: In this section,
41、you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbere
42、d from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 A Few years ago, I was asked to answer this question on a radio program, “What is the biggest lesson you have ever learned?“ That was eas
43、y: by far the most【 B1】 _ lesson I have ever learned is the importance of what we think.Our【 B2】 _ make us what we are. Emerson said, “A man is what he thinks about all day long.“ How could he【 B3】 _ be anything else? I now know with a【 B4】 _ that the biggest problem you and I have to deal with is c
44、hoosing the right thoughts. If we can do that, we will be on the way to【 B5】 _ all our problems. The great philosopher who【 B6】 _ the Roman Empire, Marcus Aurelius, summed it up in eight words-eight words that can determine your【 B7】 _ : “Our life is what our thoughts make it.“ Yes, if we think happ
45、y thoughts, we will be happy. If we think【 B8】 _ thoughts, we will be miserable. If we think sickly thoughts, we will probably be ill. If we think failure, we will certainly fail. “You are not,“ said Norman Vincent Peale, “【 B9】 _ .“ Am I advocating a habitual Pollyanna attitude toward all our probl
46、ems? No, unfortunately, life isnt so simple as all that. But I am advocating that【 B10】 _ . In other words, we need to be concerned about our problems, but not worried. What is the difference between concern and worry? Let me illustrate. Every time I cross the traffic-jammed streets of New York, I a
47、m concerned about what I am doing-but not worried.【 B11】 _ . 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
48、of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the b
49、ank more than once. 47 It is hard to track the blue whale, the oceans largest creature which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and 【 S1】 _ sightings are too unreliable to give real 【 S2】 _ into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy, they were able to 【 S3】 _ a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitori
