1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 219及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic New Stores. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 上图所示为1984年、 1985年、 1986年、 1987年、 1988年和 1989年商店的增减情况。 2. 说明发生这些变化的原因及发展
2、趋势。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the
3、 passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Automobiles VS Public Transport Public transport plays a central role in any efficient urban transport system in developing countries, where at
4、 least 16 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people each by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous. The term “public transport“ covers many different types of vehicles, but most commonly refers to buses and trains. Rail services fall in
5、to four major categories: rapid rail (also called the underground, tube, metro, or subway), which operates on exclusive rights-of-way (优先行驶权 ) in tunnels or on elevated tracks; trams, which move with other traffic on regular streets; light rail, which is a quieter, more modern version of trams that
6、can run either on exclusive rights-of-way or with other traffic: and suburban or regional trains, which connect a city with surrounding areas. The recent trend in many cities is toward light rail over “heavy“ rapid-rail systems. Whereas metros require exclusive rights-of-way, which often means build
7、ing costly elevated or underground lines and stations, light rail can be built on regular city streets. The concept of public transport also includes organized car pools, in which several people share the cost of riding together in the same private automobile. For US commuters in areas with inadequa
8、te bus and train services, this is the only “public“ transport option. But even where other systems are comprehensive, there is vast potential for car pooling; recent research shows that in cities the world over, private cars during commuting hours on average carry just 1.2 1.3 persons per vehicle.
9、Public transport modes vary in fuel use and emissions and in the space they require, but if carrying reasonable numbers of passengers, they all perform better than single-occupant private cars on each of these counts. Although energy requirements vary according to the size and design of the vehicle
10、and how many people are on board, buses and trains require far less fuel per passenger for each kilometer of travel. In the United States, for example, a light-rail vehicle needs an estimated 640 BTUs (British Thermal Units, measure of energy consumed) of energy per passenger per kilometer; a city b
11、us would use some 690 BTUs per passenger-kilometer; and a car pool with four occupants 1,140 BTUs. A single-occupant automobile, by contrast, consumes nearly 4,580 BTUs per passenger-kilometer. The pollution savings from public transport are even more dramatic. Since both rapid and light rail have e
12、lectric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust, but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious. For typical U.S. commuter routes, rapid rail emits 30 grams of nitrogen oxides for every 100 kil
13、ometers each rail passenger travels, compared with 43 grams for light rail, 95 grams for transit buses, and 128 grams for single-occupant automobiles. Public transports potential for reducing hydrocarbon (碳氢化合物 )and carbon monoxide(一氧化碳 )emissions is even greater. Although diesel buses especially in
14、 developing countries can be heavy polluters, existing technologies, such as filters, can control their exhaust. Buses can also run on less polluting fuels such as propane (丙烷 , used in parts of Europe) and natural gas (used in Brazil and China). Test buses in the Netherlands that run on natural gas
15、 are estimated to emit 90 percent less nitrogen oxide and 25 percent less carbon monoxide than diesel engines do. In addition to reducing fuel consumption and pollution, public transport saves valuable city space. Buses and trains carry more people in each vehicle and, if they operate on their own r
16、ights-of-way, can safely run at much higher speeds. In other words, they not only take up less space but also occupy it for a shorter time. Thus, comparing ideal conditions for each mode in one lane of traffic, an underground metro can carry 70,000 passengers past a certain point in one hour, light
17、rail can carry up to 35,000 people, and a bus, just over 30,000. By contrast, a lane of private cars with four occupants each can move only about 8,000 people an hour, and without such car-polling the figure is, of course, far lower. The availability and use of public transport vary widely in cities
18、 around the globe. Since variations in distances and city densities affect the total kilometers of travel, the annual number of trips each person takes by public transport provides a better standard for comparing its importance in various cities. The range of frequency of public transport use is sho
19、wn in the Table below. Urban public transport has long been a government priority in Western Europe. All major cities there have high car ownership, but well-developed bus and rail systems are available, and overall public transport typically accounts for between 20 and 30 percent of passenger-kilom
20、eters. In recent years, several large cities have stepped up their commitment to public transportation, combining further investments with complementary policies to restrict auto use. Public transport also plays an important role in urban areas of the Third World. In many cities in Asia, Latin Ameri
21、ca, and Africa, buses make 50.43 percent of all motorized trips. Buses are sometimes hopelessly overcrowded; it is not uncommon to see several riders clinging to the outside. Yet most Third World cities have lower public transport use per person than those in Western Europe, reflecting the inability
22、 of small bus fleets to keep up with population growth. Among the worlds major cities, those in Australia and the United States make the least use of alternatives to the private car. Indeed. Less than 5 percent of U.S. trips are by public transport, but in some cities such as New York City and Chica
23、go, where service is provided extensively, it is used heavily. Indeed, nearly one quarter of the entire countrys public transport trips are in New York City. Table Dependence on Public Transport in Selected Cities, 1989 Trips: per person per year 2 This passage talks about the advantages of public t
24、ransport over private cars in large cities. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Urban rail transport mainly includes 4 types of vehicles: subway, trams, light rail and regional trains. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Large cities prefer light rail to “heavy“ rapid-rail systems because light rail requires less construct
25、ion material. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Car pooling is also a means of public transport. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In America a light-rail vehicle consumes more energy than a city bus does per passenger per kilometer. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Pollution from rail transport is usually measured from the mot
26、or exhaust. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Besides saving energy and reducing air pollution, public transport occupies much less city space than private cars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The table shows that the _ number of trips each person in Beijing takes by public transport is 107. 10 In almost all of the
27、major Western European cities private car transport accounts for between 70 and _ percent of passenger-kilometers. 11 In many cities of the developing countries, buses are occasionally so crowded that it is quite _ to see buses running around with passenger hanging to their doors and windows. Sectio
28、n A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During
29、 the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He knew about it from an ad in the newspaper. （ B） A close friend told him about it. （ C） He heard about it from one of his relatives. （ D） He saw it on a list of job openings. （ A） She has goo
30、d reason to worry about her presentation. （ B） She will be fine because she has practiced a lot. （ C） He thinks her presentation will impress everybody. （ D） He thinks she will do a good job. （ A） At a hospital. （ B） At a movie theatre. （ C） In a vegetable shop. （ D） In a restaurant. （ A） She should
31、 go to the concert. （ B） She ought to do experiments in the laboratory. （ C） She should put on her shoes. （ D） She should take his position into consideration. （ A） A patient. （ B） A student. （ C） A customer. （ D） An employee. （ A） Susan is late for work again. （ B） Susan has been delayed because of
32、 busy air traffic. （ C） Susan is traveling on a plane. （ D） Susan needs to be picked up. （ A） Sunday. （ B） Saturday. （ C） Friday. （ D） Thursday. （ A） The woman will finish her report this afternoon. （ B） The woman thinks the lecture might be informative. （ C） The woman knows the guy who will give th
33、e lecture. （ D） The woman wants to add something to her lecture. （ A） The doctor needs her signature for more tests on her mother. （ B） Her mother wants to see her. （ C） The rest of her family is in the hospital. （ D） Her mother was gone. （ A） She couldnt find a flower store. （ B） She went to buy so
34、me food for herself. （ C） She was tired of the life in hospital. （ D） She was very sad. （ A） She wanted to see the doctor. （ B） She passed away. （ C） She was undergoing a series of tests. （ D） She lost her consciousness again. （ A） Large circulation of newspapers in Britain. （ B） National newspapers
35、 in Britain. （ C） Local Newspapers in Britain. （ D） Difference between national newspapers and local newspapers in Britain. （ A） Four million copies. （ B） Four billion copies. （ C） Thirteen million copies. （ D） Thirty million copies. （ A） The death of someone known to them. （ B） The improvement of s
36、hopping facilities. （ C） The installation of traffic lights at a busy corner. （ D） A disaster in a nearby country. （ A） In 1886. （ B） In 1892. （ C） In 1893. （ D） In 1895. （ A） The man. （ B） The woman. （ C） Both of them. （ D） Neither of them. （ A） Drama. （ B） Poem. （ C） Novel. （ D） Film. （ A） Help hi
37、m find some useful information. （ B） Find some books for him in the library. （ C） Lend some books to him. （ D） Discuss with him about the paper. （ A） Tomorrow morning. （ B） After dinner today. （ C） At exactly the right time. （ D） Right now. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 shor
38、t passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Paragraphs of exposition usually consist of two different kin
39、ds of statements. （ B） Paragraphs of exposition must begin with the topic sentence. （ C） The topic sentence can sometimes be abstract, and sometimes specific. （ D） Within each paragraph, the author may develop several ideas. （ A） Main contents. （ B） Controlling purpose. （ C） Ways of expression. （ D）
40、 Paragraphs. （ A） New Zealand. （ B） Australia. （ C） Denmark. （ D） Norway. （ A） Congress restored the design of 13 stripes in 1777. （ B） Congress restored the design of 13 stripes in 1795. （ C） Congress restored the design of 13 stripes in 1818. （ D） Congress restored the design of 13 stripes in 1912
41、. （ A） To represent the entry of Vermont and Hawaii into the Union. （ B） To represent the entry of Hawaii and Kentucky into the Union. （ C） To represent the entry of Vermont and Kentucky into the Union. （ D） To represent the entry of Hawaii into the Union. （ A） It was created in 1776. （ B） It was cr
42、eated in 1777. （ C） It was created in 1817. （ D） It was created in 1818. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are re
43、quired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Choosing what to do in li
44、fe is one of the hardest decisions that a person has to make. Some people choose too early and【 B1】 _ their choices, while others choose too late and miss the【 B2】 _ that they had earlier. In order to make the correct【 B3】 _ people must understand themselves and their【 B4】 _ . Everyone has dreams wh
45、ich they want to make real, but many people try to reach goals which are【 B5】 _ their grasp. Often taking the time to look at things from a different【 B6】 _ will allow one to see other options that were【 B7】 _ hidden. Some things are very difficult to change it is hard to change an【 B8】 _ person int
46、o an extroverted person, for example. It takes a large amount of time and larger amount of work. It would be【 B9】 _ . Also, choose a specialty that fits your talents. If you are good at singing, then you should consider being a singer. If you do not sing well【 B10】 _ . Making a good choice is tough
47、but possible if you remember to consider your habits and your personality.【 B11】 _ . 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for
48、 each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use a
49、ny of the words in the bank more than once. 47 The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with sane 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what 【 S1】 _ this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a matter of growing importance in industry where 【
