1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 273及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about morality. You should write at least 120 words. 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go o
2、ver the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not
3、 given in the passage. 1 Architecture Architecture, the practice of building design and its resulting products; customary usage refers only to those designs and structures that are culturally significant. Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. One would say today that arch
4、itecture must satisfy its intended uses, must be technically sound, and must convey aesthetic meaning. But the best buildings are often so well constructed that they go beyond their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures, achievemen
5、ts in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. Architectural form is inevitably influenced by the technologies applied, but building technology is conservative and knowledge a
6、bout it is cumulative (积累的 ). Precast (预制的 ) concrete, for instance, has not made brick out of date. Although design and construction have become highly sophisticated and are often computer directed, this complex apparatus (器械 ) rests on preindustrial traditions inherited from thousands of years dur
7、ing which most structures were lived in by the people who erected them. The technical demands on building remain the elemental ones-to exclude enemies, and to avoid discomforts caused by an excess of heat or cold or by the intrusion of rain, wind, or pests. This is no trivial assignment even with th
8、e best modem technology. The availability of suitable materials fostered the crafts to exploit them and influenced the shapes of buildings. Large areas of the world were once forested, and their inhabitants developed carpentry (木工工作 ). Although it has become relatively scarce, timber remains an impo
9、rtant building material. Many kinds of stone lend themselves to building. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are fireproof and can be expected to endure. Stone is also a sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone h
10、as declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptive to industrial use and assembly. Some regions lack both timber and stone; their peoples used the earth itself, stuffing certain mixtures into walls or forming them into bricks to be dried in the sun. Later they baked those su
11、bstances in kilns, producing a range of bricks and files with greater durability. Thus, early cultures used substances occurring in their environment and invented the tools, skills, and technologies to exploit a variety of materials, creating a legacy that continues to inform more industrialized met
12、hods. Building with stones or bricks is called masonry (石建筑或砖建筑 ). The elements join together through sheer gravity or the use of bonding materials, first composed of lime and sand. The Romans found natural cement that, combined with inert substances, and produced concrete. They usually faced this w
13、ith materials that would give a better finish. In the early 19th century truly waterproof cement was developed, the key ingredient of modem concrete. In the 19th century also, steel suddenly became abundant; rolling mills turned out shapes that could make structural frames stronger than the traditio
14、nal wooden frames. Moreover, steel rods could be positioned in wet concrete so as to greatly improve the flexibility of that material, giving impetus early in the 20th century to new forms facilitated by reinforced concrete construction. The subsequent large quantity of aluminum provided cladding (s
15、urfacing) material that was lightweight and virtually maintenance free. In recent decades, elaborate systems for vertical transportation, the control of temperature and humidity, forced ventilation, artificial lighting, sanitation, control of fire, and the distribution of electricity and other servi
16、ces have been developed. This has added to the cost of construction and has increased expectations of comfort and convenience. In modem architectural region the word program denotes the purposes for which buildings are constructed. Certain broad purposes have always been realized. The noblest works
17、temples, churches, mosques celebrate the mysteries of religion and provide assembly places where gods can be propitiated (安抚 ) or where the multitudes can be instructed in interpretations of belief and can participate in symbolic rituals. Another important purpose has been to provide physical securi
18、ty: Many of the worlds most permanent structures were built with defense in mind. Related to defense is the desire to create buildings that serve as status symbols. Kings and emperors insisted on palaces proclaiming power and wealth, people of privilege have always been the best clients of designers
19、, artists, and artisans, and in their projects the best work of a given period is often represented. Today large corporations, governments, and universities play the role of patron in a less personal way. A proliferation (繁殖 ) of building types reflects the complexity of modem life. More people live
20、 in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their incomes in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when sick go to specialized hospitals and clinics. They linger in airports on the way to distant hotels and resorts. Each class o
21、f facility has accumulated experiences that contribute to the expertise needed by its designers. The attention of clients, architects, and users is more and more focused on the overall qualities of buildings, Parts of cities are considered mare significant than individual structures. As the total bu
22、ilding stock gnaws, conserving buildings and adapting them for changes in use becomes more important. 2 Architecture could present both the social style and cultural characteristic. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Traditional technologies and materials have been replaced by advanced apparatus and substances
23、 of modern society. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 We can use timber as the most crucial material to promote design and crafts. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Stone and marble are often used in sculpture and monument. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 People in ancient times werent able to make diverse materials, but they
24、could use every subject occurring in the nature. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The Romans first found truly waterproof cement in the early 19th century. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The reinforced concrete construction with aluminum surface enhanced structural design and reduced its costs. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） N
25、G 9 Kings and emperors constructed palaces in order to show _. 10 Various architecture designs of buildings are the evidence, which can reflect _. 11 Clients, architects, and users pay more attention to _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversa
26、tions. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the
27、 best answer. （ A） Put the briefcase back in the elevator. （ B） Contact the owner of the briefcase. （ C） Find out if the receptionist lost a briefcase. （ D） Take the briefcase to the reception desk. （ A） He visited the big tower he saw on TV. （ B） He has visited the TV tower twice. （ C） He has visit
28、ed the TV tower once. （ D） He will visit the TV tower in June. （ A） He may net have enough time to cook. （ B） He may spend more money on food next semester. （ C） He may gain weight if he does his own cooking. （ D） He may not enjoy conking. （ A） The weather is mild compared to the past years. （ B） Th
29、ey are having the coldest winter ever. （ C） The weather will soon get warmer. （ D） The weather may get even colder. （ A） Mr. Steward is honest. （ B） Mr. Steward looks honest. （ C） Mr. Steward looks dishonest. （ D） Mr. Steward is dishonest. （ A） He did quite well with it. （ B） He has money problem no
30、w. （ C） He is in need of qualified staff. （ D） He could not carry it on any more. （ A） lie doesnt like Rockn Roll. （ B） its a long way to the record store. （ C） He only likes Rockn Roll. （ D） He isnt hot now that he has a fan. （ A） Five oclock. （ B） Eight oclock. （ C） During five to six. （ D） All of
31、 the above （ A） They dont get rid of fat arms. （ B） They can damage arm muscles. （ C） They arent acceptable to most people. （ D） They can raise ones blood pressure. （ A） By talking to an expert. （ B） By reading an article. （ C） By attending an exercise class. （ D） By listening to the radio. （ A） Wea
32、ring arm weights while you are swimming. （ B） Jogging energetically in one place for a long time. （ C） Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs. （ D） Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and forth. （ A） Family name first, given name last. （ B） Given name first, family n
33、ame last. （ C） Middle name first, family name last. （ D） Given name first, middle name last. （ A） Mr. （ B） Mrs. （ C） Ms. （ D） Professor. （ A） Use the formal manner of address. （ B） Use the informal manner of address. （ C） Address people by their first names. （ D） Address people by their last names.
34、（ A） Beef and potatoes. （ B） European and Asian foods. （ C） Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding. （ D） Steak and kidney pie. （ A） She is Professor Jamisons daughter. （ B） She works part-time as Professor Jamisons secretary. （ C） She used to do the job herself. （ D） She just came out of an interview for
35、the job. （ A） It should be higher. （ B） Its very good. （ C） Its the same as the post office pays. （ D） It varies according to the persons experience. （ A） Make up homework problems. （ B） Do research in the library. （ C） Teach an introductory economics course. （ D） Grade homework sets. （ A） He wonder
36、s if hell have enough time to do the job. （ B） He is afraid he wont know enough to do the job well. （ C） He fears that the job may be too boring. （ D） He thinks Professor Jamison has someone else in mind. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passa
37、ge, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） She became the First Lady of the United States. （ B） She worked to improve lots of disadvantaged
38、women. （ C） She helped all women develop their potential. （ D） She began to work as a volunteer in a slum district. （ A） They had families to take care of. （ B） They had to work overtime. （ C） They had no money to buy books. （ D） They did not like to go to school. （ A） Eleanor did a lot of work for
39、the poor. （ B） Eleanors experience helped shape her social conscience. （ C） Eleanor became the First Lady of the United States about 12 years. （ D） Eleanor was a good mother of their children. （ A） His brother. （ B） His boss. （ C） A salesman. （ D） A friend. （ A） $60. （ B） $50. （ C） $45. （ D） $15. （
40、A） He sent the drill back and asked for his deposit. （ B） He went to the salesman for exchange. （ C） He had no choice but to keep the drill. （ D） He threw away the drill. （ A） They took no notice of his complaint. （ B） They thought that he broke the drill himself. （ C） They agreed to return his depo
41、sit. （ D） They sent him another drill. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbe
42、red from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 One afternoon just before Christmas, an old gentleman was【
43、B1】 _through the city centre. The gaily【 B2】 _shops were packed with good things and crowded with【 B3】 _shoppers. The children were gazing in wonder at all the toys on display in the windows, and the old man was【 B4】 _the happy scene indulgently. Suddenly in the middle of the throng, he spotted a di
44、rty little boy sitting on the pavement,【 B5】 _bitterly. When the kind old man asked him why he was crying, the little boy told him that he had lost a ten penny piece that his uncle had given him. Thrusting his hand into his pocket, the old man pulled out a【 B6】 _of coins. He picked out a【 B7】 _new t
45、en pennies piece and handed it to file child. “Thank you very much“, said the little boy, and【 B8】 _his eyes he cheered up at once. 【 B9】 _. To his astonishment, he saw the same dirty little boy in precisely the same spot crying just as bitterly as before.【 B10】 _. The little boy told him that actua
46、lly he had not last the second coin, but he still could not find his first ten pence. “If I could find my own ten pence“, he said tearfully, “Id have twenty pence now.“【 B11】_. 38 【 B1】 39 【 B2】 40 【 B3】 41 【 B4】 42 【 B5】 43 【 B6】 44 【 B7】 45 【 B8】 46 【 B9】 47 【 B10】 48 【 B11】 Section A Directions:
47、In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the
48、 corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 48 Some people are better at remembering things than others. Aunt Ida might recall in【 S1】 _detail what she ate at the Bluebird Restaurant during that【 S2】 _to Main
49、e in 1978. Cousin Freddie, on the other hand, might not remember what he had for dinner last night. The difference may be partly due to a common gene【 S3】 _that can influence our ability to recall past events. Researchers have used state-of-the-art imaging techniques to【 S4】 _differences in brain activity among individuals with different【 S5】 _of a gene important in nerve cell formation. They find that variations in a gene called brain-
