1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 274及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about the relationship between wealth and happiness. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 财 富是人们共同的追求 2. 财富与幸福的关系 3. 结论 二、 Part II Reading Compr
2、ehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the
3、statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Landfilis You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensiis and napkins into the trash can. Y
4、ou dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull aw
5、ay, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some
6、 gets recycled (回收利用 ) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfilis. How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, pl
7、astic, metais) or composted (使成堆肥 ) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or co
8、mposted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfilis. The amount of trash buried in landfilis bas doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ran
9、ks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfilis. What Is a Landfill? There are two ways to bury trash： Dump-an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animais (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!) Landfill-carefully des
10、igned structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. Sanitary landfill-landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the envi
11、ronment Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill-landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under th
12、ese conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂 ) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the Landfill For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most part
13、s of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfilis are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other autho
14、rity can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine: he area of land necessary for the landfill the composition Of the underlying soil and bedrock the flow of surface water over the site the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment
15、and wildlife the historical value of the proposed site Building the Landfill Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. These r
16、oads will be used by Construction equipment, sanitation (环卫 ) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake County Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface. What Happens to Trash in a Landfill? Trash put in a landfill will stay
17、there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfilis have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfilis are not des
18、igned to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated? A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typical
19、ly municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill. Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materiais (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of mate
20、rial in the landfill. Some of these materiais are banned from landfilis by law because they can be recycled. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from 10 to 40 per ton. These fees are us
21、ed to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately 4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping tees. Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materiais that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off sta
22、tion is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materiais can be recycled. In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicais (paints, pesticides, other chemicais) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicais are disposed of by private compan
23、ies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicais can be burned in furnaces or power plants. Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷 ) station. Landfilis are complicated structures tha
24、t, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfilis and produce more methane. 2 The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill. （ A） Y （ B） N （
25、C） NG 3 Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfilis. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfilis. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Landfilis are like compost piles in that they speed up
26、decomposition of the buried trash. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 In the United States the building of landfilis is the job of both federal and local governments. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Hazardo
27、us wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfilis. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Typical customers of a landfill are_. 10 To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of_. 11 Materiais that are not permitted to be buried in landfilis should be dumped at_. S
28、ection A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. D
29、uring the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She agrees with the man. （ B） She doesnt know the book. （ C） She likes the book very much. （ D） She doesnt know what to do. （ A） She can go with him this afternoon. （ B） She has a lot to d
30、o today. （ C） Shes almost as busy as he is. （ D） She might be finished by noon. （ A） The man should buy a different meal ticket each month. （ B） Individuals eat different amounts. （ C） Buying the meal ticket wont save the man money. （ D） The price of a meal varies from month to month. （ A） The appli
31、cation isnt available at the office. （ B） The woman should mail a copy of her application. （ C） The photocopy machine isnt there anymore. （ D） The woman can make copies at the post office. （ A） Tea is hatter than coffee. （ B） The man should switch to tea. （ C） There are two reasons for not drinking
32、coffee. （ D） The man shouldnt drink tea either. （ A） He doesnt expect to meet her at the seashore. （ B） He wants to know when shes coming. （ C） He wants to see how her experiment is progressing. （ D） He isnt interested in watching her. （ A） She doesnt like the professor very much. （ B） She doubts cl
33、ass will be canceled. （ C） She doesnt want to attend the conference. （ D） She wonders whether the professor is an accountant. （ A） The mail was sent back to the post office. （ B） He doesnt have anything to drop in the mailbox. （ C） Its too soon to go hack there. （ D） The post office is closed for an
34、 hour. （ A） A popular television program. （ B） A breakthrough in technology. （ C） A recent purchase. （ D） A new electronic store. （ A） Make sure what television is best for her. （ B） Ask for a cheaper price on the television. （ C） Try a different store. （ D） Be satisfied with what she has. （ A） Watc
35、h less television. （ B） Return the television to the store. （ C） Pay for the television. （ D） Show the man how to use the television. （ A） Waving the fingers up and down. （ B） Holding your hand up with the palm facing forward but no movement. （ C） Raising your hand and waving it front to back. （ D）
36、Raising your hand and waving it from side to side. （ A） Making eye contact and raising your hand. （ B） Making a writing gesture with one hand as the pen and the other hand as the paper. （ C） Shaking your head from side to side. （ D） Shaking your head up and down. （ A） In movies. （ B） In real life. （
37、 C） When people want to say OK. （ D） Anytime. （ A） Operate metal detectors. （ B） Require each passenger to show photo identification. （ C） Make a body search by hand. （ D） Operate X-ray machines to screen baggage. （ A） Buying a pair of Adidas tennis shoes. （ B） Asking her father about Adidas shoes.
38、（ C） Discussing with her father about Adidas shoes. （ D） Discussing some sports of her school. （ A） They dont help sports players at all. （ B） They dont live up to their fame. （ C） They may be comfortable but are too expensive. （ D） They are good for track and field sports but not for ball games. （
39、A） He and his friends have never worn Adidas. （ B） Adidas is just for great sports players like the Chicago Bulls. （ C） Adidas helps sports players do better. （ D） He has been wanting to wear Adidas shoes. （ A） She makes good use of an ad to convince her father. （ B） She has enough money to buy Adid
40、as shoes herself. （ C） She wants her fathers opinion about Adidas shoes. （ D） She played many sports at school. （ A） In the middle of the night. （ B） At ten oclock. （ C） At eleven oclock. （ D） At about half past eleven. （ A） Mr. Wilkinson. （ B） Mrs. Wilkinson. （ C） The Wilkinsons. （ D） Neither of th
41、em. （ A） He was frightened. （ B） He felt surprised. （ C） He felt very excited. （ D） He was cowardly. （ A） Their dog knocked down something. （ B） A thief opened the window. （ C） The rain scraped against the window. （ D） A branch of rose bush scraped against the window. Section C Directions: In this s
42、ection, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks
43、 numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 34 Automobiles were familiar to people of the late 19th century. European engineers pioneered gasoline powered vehicles as【 B1】 _for
44、 horses and carriages, but these new inventions were【 B2】 _primarily for prosperous users. None of the American leaders who were asked for their【 B3】 _in 1893 envisioned a national road network; they did not realize there was a【 B4】 _demand. The American industrialist Henry Ford【 B5】 _this opportuni
45、ty. He began manufacturing an affordable automobile that freed its owners from the【 B6】 _of timetables and the expense of caring for horses. When Ford introduced a moving assembly line in 1913, it was not a【 B7】 _innovation; late 19th-cantury manufacturers had already begun, rearranging their plants
46、 for more【 B8】_production.【 B9】 _. Even Soviet leaders imported American engineers and architects to create Communist versions of the vast industrial complex that Ford had developed in Michigan. Well before Fords Model T, drivers of automobiles had started to change public spaces.【 B10】 _. As automo
47、bile traffic increased and intruded on local streets, residents of some New York neighborhoods began to stone passing ears. Child safety campaigns soon gave the streets to the motorists.【 B11】 _. 35 【 B1】 36 【 B2】 37 【 B3】 38 【 B4】 39 【 B5】 40 【 B6】 41 【 B7】 42 【 B8】 43 【 B9】 44 【 B10】 45 【 B11】 Sec
48、tion A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a lett
49、er. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 45 Climate change has brought about such problems as bleaching-induced【 S1】_of corals. Bleaching occurs when corals axe stressed by high temperature or other【 S2】 _changes, and lose their symbiotic algal cells. When they lose these cells, which provide the corals with essential【 S3】 _and
