1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 284及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on What Have We Learned from SARS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 2003 年春天的非典 (SARS)给我国 造成了巨大的物质和精神损失 2我对于汲取这些经验，加强预防和提高国民素质的建议 二、 Part II
2、 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (f
3、or NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Why the War Against Terror Will Boost the Economy There is still a lot of uncertainty about how the U.S. economy. To analyze the likely economic impact of th
4、e war, I think of the current action as analogous to U.S. wars of the past. My main conclusion is that the current war will be expansionary and will, therefore, help the U.S. economy recover from its current slowdown. If we consider World War , Korea, and Vietnam, we have examples of Large, medium,
5、and small wars. In World War , peak military spending in 1944 was 60% to 70% of prewar gross domestic product. During the Korea War, spending peaked at around 11% of GDP in 1952, and during the Vietnam War, it peaked at about 2% of GDP in 1968. The evidence is that economic activity expanded during
6、each war but by less than the amount of wartime spending. My estimate is that each 1 worth of military outlays led to a 60 to -70 increase in GDP. To put it another way, while military spending raised output, there was no free lunch. The spending had to be paid for by decreases in other forms of spe
7、nding, especially business investment (and by more work effort). The economic effect of the Gulf War is harder to isolate because military spending rose by only about 0.3% of GDP. The economy was in a recession in 1990, before the war started in January, 1991. Economic growth resumed by the second q
8、uarter of 1991 but remained low until 1992. The analysis from the other three wars suggests that little of the recovery stemmed from the Gulf War. Spending Hikes. For the current war effort, if we sum up the likely near-term added expenditures for the military, domestic security, and reconstruction
9、of New York City, we get at least 1% of GDP. This calculation is likely to underestimate added wartime spending because we will probably also see a long-term reversal of the “peace dividend“ that resulted from the end of the cold war. During the Clinton Administration, from the end of 1991 to the en
10、d of 2000, defense outlays fell from 6.2 % of GDP to 3.8 % ( and the number of military personnel declined by around 1 million). Given the insecurity of the post-September 11 world, I would expect a long-lasting increase in defense spending. If the U.S. responds as it did during the Reagan Administr
11、ations defense buildup of the early 1980s, defense spending would rise another 1% to 1.5 % of the GDP over a one-to-two-year period. Thus, the overall spending stimulus from the war on terror will likely be similar to the extra 2% of GDP that was expended at the peak of the Vietnam War. Using the ki
12、nd of economic response mentioned before, where GDP rose by 60 to 70 for each dollar of military outlay, this stimulus is likely to help the economy avoid a recession in 2002. Not all aspects of wars are favorable to economic activity, of course. Consumers perceived increased risk of flying, for exa
13、mple, lowers the demand for air travel, and the perceived higher risk of terrorism likely reduces business investment. However, negative effects were also present in previous wars, including Worries about Japanese invasion of the U.S. mainland during World War and about Soviet missiles during the co
14、ld war. Nevertheless, the net effects of previous wars on U.S. GDP turned out to be positive. No Bailouts Needed. One concern about the current situation is all the nonsensical proposals in Washington for fiscal stimulus beyond the expenditures for national security and the reconstruction of New Yor
15、k. It seems reasonable to regard security in airports and on airplanes as public goods that should be supervised and perhaps partly financed by the federal government. But there is no economic rationale for general bailouts or subsidies of airlines, insurance companies, the steel industry, agricultu
16、re, and so on. After all, it is not only, during tranquil times that we ought to rely on free markets rather than the government to allocate resources. If the risky new world means that air travel is less safe or that threats of domestic terrorism are greater, then the unfettered market will generat
17、e less air travel and higher insurance rates. This may also mean fewer functioning airlines and some reorganizations of ownership. These seem to be the correct outcomes, at least until our government succeeds in reducing the various threats. On the tax side, one thing we surely do not need is more r
18、ebates, which were never a net economic stimulus. Accelerating the planned tax-rate cuts would be fine, but limiting these to lower-income people makes no sense in terms of encouraging economic activity. Any further changes in tax policy should be aimed squarely at improving incentives for household
19、s and businesses to produce and invest. Overall, I expect the U.S. economy to expand during 2002. But it is possible that the government will come up with a fiscal package that is bad enough to prolong the slowdown. 2 My main conclusion about the current war is that it will be beneficial to the reco
20、very of the U.S. economic situation. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 With regard to the economic impact of the war, Americas military effort in Afghanistan is similar with the U.S. wars of the past. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Peak military spending in 1944 was more than 70% of prewar gross domestic product. （
21、A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Economic activity expanded during each war but by less than the amount of wartime spending. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The economic effect of Gulf War was of significance to later wars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 If we predict the total cost of Afghanistan was as 1% of the GDP, we ar
22、e likely to underestimate added wartime spending for we will probably suffer a long-term reversal of the cold war peace dividend. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 All aspects of wars are favorable to economic activity. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The main effects of previous wars on U.S. GDP proved to be_. 10 Wh
23、at concerns us most about the current situation is _ apart from the expenditures for national security and the reconstruction of New York. 11 More rebates on tax were never_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conve
24、rsation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The weather
25、is mild compared to the past years. （ B） They are having the coldest winter ever. （ C） The weather will soon get warmer. （ D） The weather may get even colder. （ A） The mystery story. （ B） The hiring of a shop assistant. （ C） The search for a reliable witness. （ D） An unsolved case of robbery. （ A） B
26、orrow some money. （ B） Buy a heater. （ C） Get some information. （ D） Pay the rent. （ A） He found it fascinating. （ B） You have to be well dressed to enter. （ C） It took many hours to put together. （ D） They should spend their lunch hour there. （ A） He knows someone who can get the woman a job. （ B）
27、Greg and his uncle dont like their jobs. （ C） Greg only got the job because of his uncle. （ D） He doesnt know the womans uncle. （ A） He should not do the experiment after all. （ B） He must be extremely careful. （ C） She will help him do the experiment. （ D） Shes sure he is right. （ A） Shes spending
28、time going over her accounts. （ B） Shes been home for only a few days. （ C） Shes exciting about going home. （ D） Shes counting the number of vacation days. （ A） Teach half days. （ B） Take a longer tour. （ C） Tour the country. （ D） Rest for the day. （ A） Ask for a job interview. （ B） Talk about the a
29、rrangement of a news conference. （ C） Make a discussion about the new book. （ D） Make an appointment with the man. （ A） Sunday morning, 11 oclock. （ B） Thursday morning, around 10 oclock. （ C） Friday morning, around 10 oclock. （ D） Monday morning, 11 oclock. （ A） They will go to fifth Avenue of down
30、town area. （ B） The woman will pick up the man at his place. （ C） The man win go to the garden of the womans house. （ D） They will have a talk at a hotel. （ A） He wants to become a cook. （ B） He hopes to go on to graduate school. （ C） He wants to travel around the world. （ D） Hed like to work at a h
31、otel. （ A） History. （ B） French. （ C） Computer Science. （ D） Hotel Management. （ A） She has a part-time job. （ B） She received a scholarship. （ C） Her parents pay for it. （ D） She is working as a tourist guide. （ A） At a bakery. （ B） At a restaurant. （ C） In a library. （ D） At a travel agency. Secti
32、on B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They bu
33、mped into each other over a swimming pool. （ B） They avoided each other by turning in different directions. （ C） They narrowly escaped crashing into each other. （ D） One plane climbed above the other at the critical moment. （ A） To show the key role played by air traffic controllers. （ B） To show th
34、e great responsibility shouldered by the pilots. （ C） To give an example of air disasters. （ D） To show that air travel is far safer than driving a car. （ A） They want to change the way English is taught. （ B） They learn English to find well-paid jobs. （ C） They want to have an up-to-date knowledge
35、of English. （ D） They know clearly what they want to learn. （ A） Professionals. （ B） College students. （ C） Beginners. （ D） Intermediate earners. （ A） Courses for doctors. （ B） Courses for businessmen. （ C） Courses for reporters. （ D） Courses for lawyers. （ A） Three groups of learners. （ B） The impo
36、rtance of business English. （ C） Features of English for different papacies. （ D） English for Specific Purposes. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage
37、 is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or wri
38、te down the 32 Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a hook-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find【 B1】_ from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your【 B2】 _. The desire to p
39、ick up a book with an attractive cover is【 B3】 _, although this method of selection ought not to be【 B4】 _, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become【 B5】 _irksome book or other, and usually it is much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must【 B6】 _of
40、f to keep some forgotten【 B7】 _-without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main【 B8】 _ of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop.【 B9】 _If it is a good shop, no
41、 assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?“ You neednt buy anything you dont want.【 B10】 _Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but【 B11】 _. 33 【 B1】 34 【 B2】 35 【 B3】 36 【 B4】 37 【 B5
42、】 38 【 B6】 39 【 B7】 40 【 B8】 41 【 B9】 42 【 B10】 43 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making
43、your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 43 One of the most exciting changes in education in the United States today is the【
44、S1】_growth of distance education at the post-secondary level. First, can you imagine getting a college, or university degree, without ever once【 S2】 _on a college campus? Second, would you believe me if I tell you there are a few higher education institutions that【 S3】 _degrees that dont even have a
45、 campus? Some of these schools even grant graduate degrees, that is,【 S4】_or even a Ph. D. What is distance education? A publication called Distance Education A Consumers Guide which【 S5】 _ distance education this way: “Distance education is instruction that【 S6】_when the instructor and student are【
46、 S7】 _by distance or time, or both. “That sounds a little strange, but its not really new. As early as 1840, it was possible to take a【 S8】 _course in shorthand, that is, a student could learn shorthand by mail. And the University of Wisconsin offered the first correspondence catalog in 1892. This m
47、eant that a student could【 S9】 _university courses by mail over 100 years ago. So distance education is not really new.【 S10】 _, modern technology, such as audio, video, and computer technology, has changed distance education a great deal. Today almost all distance education programs are online or h
48、ave an online learning component to take advantage of the technology. A) however B) incredible C) occurs D) make sure E) a masters degree F) grant G) setting foot H) well-being I) separated J) divided K) defines L) portray M) correspondence N) take O) open 44 【 S1】 45 【 S2】 46 【 S3】 47 【 S4】 48 【 S5
49、】 49 【 S6】 50 【 S7】 51 【 S8】 52 【 S9】 53 【 S10】 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 53 Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy
