1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 303及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 3O minutes to write a composition on the topic: Petroleum Crisis. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 我国石油需求量很大，石 油供给形势严峻 2出现这种情况有多种原因 3说明你的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comp
2、rehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the
3、 statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Sense That Shapes Our Future When he puts his three-year-old daughter to bed at night, psychologist Michael Meaney gives her an extra hug. His animal research suggest
4、s that caresses (爱抚 ) in early youth may lead in adulthood to healthier brain cells, clearer memories and fewer problems from aging. Premature babies fill rows of incubators (放置早产婴儿的恒温箱 ) in a city hospital. All receive the same food, but those who are massaged daily show greater weight gain and men
5、tal development than preemies (早产儿 ) who arent. Shoppers in a supermarket are asked to sample a new brand of pizza. Those who are touched for a fraction of a second during the sales pitch are more likely to buy the new product. Touch is the first sense we develop, and we acquire it before birth. We
6、could not live without it. Imagine being unable to sense the danger of scalding (滚烫的 ) water or to feel our way down a dark stairway. We tend to think of sight as our most important sense, yet we close our eyes in sleep for a third of each day. Touch never blinks, never turns off its awareness of th
7、e world around us. Scientists have now discovered that touch also shapes our minds and health. Dr. Saul Schanberg, professor of pharmacology (药理学 ) and biological psychiatry (精神病学 ) at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, studied baby rats. He found that when separated from their mother for as
8、 little as 45 minutes they underwent major internal changes. Their level of growth hormone (荷尔蒙 ) and of a key enzyme (酶 ) dropped sharply, but came back to normal soon after their mother returned to the nest. The lack of touch from the mothers licking triggered these biochemical changes, but firmly
9、 stroking the newborns with a moist paintbrush restored them to normal. In collaboration with Scanberg, researchers at the University of Miami Medical Schools Touch Research Institute, directed by psychologist Tiffany Field, began giving premature babies 45 minutes of massage each day. Common wisdom
10、 had held that these infants should be kept in an isolated, womblike environment, that touch would stress them and impair their chances for survival. Nevertheless, Field and her co-workers gave 20 stabilized preemies three 15-minute periods of slow, firm massage strokes and limb movements. Within te
11、n days the massaged babies showed 47-percent greater weight gain than their wardmates, as well as improved sleep, alertness and activity. Up to eight months later they displayed greater mental and physical skills. Most dramatically, the massaged preemies were able to leave the costly critical-care u
12、nit an average of six days earlier than preemies not massaged. Field explains that touch stimulates certain hormones that emerge naturally in full-term babies, including those that facilitate food absorption. According to Dr. Ronald Bart of Montreals Childrens Hospital, some infants are held only ab
13、out two to three hours each day by their mothers, compared with some African tribal cultures in which babies are handled or carried by their mothers up to 90 percent of the time. Adds nursing professor Kathryn Barnard, “About 80 percent of a babys communication is done through body movement, and ski
14、n-to-skin contact makes it easier for a mother to read that communication.“ The more a mother holds her baby, the more aware she is of the babys needs. Touching serves purposes beyond giving comfort and security. Scientists have discovered that when babies put a rattle or toy in their mouths they ar
15、e doing more than just trying to taste. They are using their lips and tongue, among the most sensitive regions of touch, to confirm and refine what their eyes see. Confirming the distance, shape and hardness of their surroundings with touch helps them to develop other senses such as sight. Even as a
16、dults we rarely accept the notion that “seeing is believing.“ Instead we speak of preferring things that we can “get a grip on.“ that are “tangible.“ The world we perceive through touch differs from what our eyes see. Put on a blindfold and have a friend touch cookie cutters of different shapes agai
17、nst your skin; the average person will recognize the shape less than half the time. But if you are allowed to touch each cookie cutter with your finger, recognition jumps to 95-percent accuracy. More touching may take place in preschool or kindergarten than during any other period. Touching is lowes
18、t in the early to mid teens, but, late in high school or early in college, most people begin touching members of the opposite sex, a pattern that grows more intense until marriage. “When weve studied couples in public places,“ says University of Missouri psychology professor Frank Willis, Jr., “we o
19、bserved that before marriage the man initiates touching with the woman. After marriage, its always the woman who touches the man first.“ Generally, successful and self-confident people feel freer to touch others than shy, unsure ones. In daily life women use and accept touching far more than men do,
20、 and are more sensitive to touch everywhere from their fingertips to their toes.Men, who tend to perceive uninvited touch as a sign of dominance and of their own vulnerability, more often react to touch with tension. Some touch messages may be easily misinterpreted. A brief touch on the shoulder, el
21、bow or hand is usually friendly. But when someone of the opposite sex touches you, does it convey friendliness, a come-on or harassment ( 骚扰 )? A lingering touch on the hand, face or neck is likely something more. A pat on the head can be patronizing, conveying “I am the adult, you the child.“ Even
22、when unnoticed, touch exerts a powerful psychological impact. Willis found that when shoppers were solicited (恳求 ) to try a sample of pizza or when passers-by were asked to sign a petition (请愿书 ), many more complied (依从 ) when given a slight touch lasting a fraction of a second. Other researchers ha
23、ve found that a momentary touch gains bigger tips for waitresses. Says Willis, “New research into our nonverbal behavior reflects what successful salespeople have long known: a light, inconspicuous touch can often persuade customers that you are familiar and a friend.“ In hospitalized patients, the
24、caring touch of nurses and loved ones can relieve anxiety and tension headaches. Touch can sometimes reduce rapid heartbeat and heart arrhythmias (心律不齐 ). “Human contact makes people feel better, more comfortable and secure.“ says registered nurse Rita King. “More than that, it has a placebo (安慰剂 )
25、effect. When patients feel theyre in good caring hands, they heal faster.“ 2 Psychologist Michael Meaney has learnt from his own experience as a parent that caresses in early youth are good for the growth of brain cells and mental capacity in adulthood. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Contrary to the popula
26、r belief that premature babies should be kept in an isolated, womblike environment, periods of slow, firm massage strokes and limb movements may give them a better chance to survive. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Massaging has almost become a routine treatment to preemies premature babies in hospital sinc
27、e more and more scientists claim that massaged babies gain more weight and have improved sleep and alertness. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Touching not only serves to give babies the feeling of comfort and security but also helps them to develop the senses of sight and taste. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The
28、author asserts in this article that the world we perceive through touching is different from what our eyes see, and the sense of touching can help increase accuracy in recognition. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 After careful observations, psychologists find that men are more sensitive to uninvited touch f
29、rom the opposite sex and tend to regard it as a sign of dominance and of their own vulnerability. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Successful salespeople know much better than researchers about the powerful psychological effect of a touch on customers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Some scientists explain that tou
30、ching gives premature babies a better chance to survive because it _. 10 It is the sense of _that we first acquire and develop, and it tends to shape _all the way. 11 Comparatively speaking, _people would feel freer to touch others. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conver
31、sations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and
32、 D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He did poorly on the first exam. （ B） He got more than eighty percent right. （ C） Eighty percent of the students did well. （ D） He did much better than he thought. （ A） His mother wants him to do his homework. （ B） He has to finish his homework. （ C） He
33、is too excited to sleep. （ D） He doesnt know it is very late. （ A） Satisfied. （ B） Interested. （ C） Tired. （ D） Discouraged. （ A） To the bank. （ B） To the office. （ C） To the barbershop. （ D） To the department store. （ A） He stayed up late watching a film. （ B） He went to bed very early. （ C） He wen
34、t to a party. （ D） He stayed up late studying. （ A） She wants the man to wait. （ B） She is ready now. （ C） She has decided not to go. （ D） She thinks the man should change the clothes. （ A） 5 years. （ B） Over 100 years. （ C） 90 years. （ D） 95 years. （ A） He likes Mexican food. （ B） He expected a bet
35、ter dinner. （ C） The dinner was expensive. （ D） He enjoyed the food more than the woman did. （ A） Get a ride home with Nancy. （ B） Find a place to live. （ C） Go to the store before it closes. （ D） Carry his groceries home. （ A） He didnt expect to buy a lot. （ B） He had one bag of groceries. （ C） The
36、 supermarket is just down the block. （ D） He thought hed get a ride with the Kramers. （ A） They are paying for his education. （ B） They invited him to their party. （ C） They took him on a vacation with them. （ D） They let him live with them for free. （ A） The balance of work and study. （ B） The fina
37、ncial aid. （ C） Education and good job. （ D） The tuition. （ A） To apply for financial aid. （ B） To apply for some sort of assistantship. （ C） To cut down on his classes and work more hours. （ D） To study full time and work full time. （ A） Theres not enough financial aid available. （ B） A good educat
38、ion is of great importance. （ C） More students worry about their school fees each year. （ D） The man wishes to be a financial consultant. （ A） See if he qualifies for a student loan. （ B） Make a proposal to the government. （ C） Start to save up to pay for his kids to go to school. （ D） Take a semest
39、er off from school to earn more money. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fou
40、r choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） He cut wood. （ B） He planted crops. （ C） He took care of the cows. （ D） He harvested crops. （ A） Jim fell in love with one of Taylors daughters. （ B） Jim, whose real name was James A. Garfield, became the President of the USA thirty years later. （ C） Nobody ever
41、heard of him since he left the farm. （ D） Taylor threw his things out and drove him away. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second
42、 time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 28 I asked
43、successful people what the secret of their success was. I【 B1】 _ an early discussion with a vice president of a large oil company. “Oh, I just keep a To Do List,“ he said. I passed over that quickly, little【 B2】 _the importance of what he said. I was in another city the next day and I had lunch with
44、 a businessman who【 B3】_owned the town, He was chairman of the gas and light company, president of five【 B4】 _ companies, and had his hand in a dozen other【 B5】 _. I asked him how he managed to get everything done. “Oh, thats easy.“ he said. “I keep a To Do List.“ The first thing in the morning, he
45、told me, he would come in and list what he wanted to【 B6】 _ that day. He would arrange the items in【 B7】 _. During the day he would cross off items and add others as they【 B8】 _ to him. In the evening【 B9】 _and then give himself a score.【 B10】 _. Again and again in the years since, when I have talke
46、d to successful people, the To Do List has come up. I have found that【 B11】 _. 29 【 B1】 30 【 B2】 31 【 B3】 32 【 B4】 33 【 B5】 34 【 B6】 35 【 B7】 36 【 B8】 37 【 B9】 38 【 B10】 39 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
47、blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of
48、the words in the bank more than once. 39 We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular“ coffee and it took several years to gain general【 S1】 _(introduction stage). At one point, t
49、hough,【 S2】 _ coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became【 S3】 _ to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a【 S4】 _ decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to
