1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 307及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition to recommend a particular brand of bread for use in elementary schools in a small city. Support your choice with information from the chart below. You should write at least 120 word
2、s.二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the p
3、assage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 HIV and Its Transmission Research has revealed a great deal of valuable medical, scientific, and public health information about the human immuno
4、deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The ways in which HIV can be transmitted have been clearly identified. Unfortunately, false information or statements that are not supported by scientific findings continue to be shared widely through the Internet or popular press
5、. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has prepared this fact sheet to correct a few misperceptions about HIV. How HIV Is Transmitted HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person, by sharing needles (primarily for drug injection) with someone who is infected, or
6、, less commonly, through transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors (凝血因子 ). Babies born to HIV-infected women may become infected before or during birth or through breast-feeding after birth. Some people fear that HIV might be transmitted in other ways; however, no scientific evidence
7、 supporting any of these fears has been found. If HIV were being transmitted through other routes (such as through air, water, or insects), the pattern of reported AIDS cases would be much different from what has been observed. For example, if mosquitoes could transmit HIV infection, many more young
8、 children and preadolescents would have been diagnosed with AIDS. All reported cases suggesting new or potentially unknown routes of transmission are thoroughly investigated by state and local health departments with the assistance, guidance, and laboratory support from CDC. No additional routes of
9、transmission have been recorded, despite a national sentinel (监测 ) system designed to detect just such an occurrence. The following paragraphs specifically address some of the common misperceptions about HIV transmission. HIV in the Environment Scientists and medical authorities agree that HIV does
10、not survive well in the environment, making the possibility of environmental transmission remote. HIV is found in varying concentrations or amounts in blood, semen (精液 ), vaginal (阴道的 ) fluid, breast milk, saliva (唾液 ), and tears. To obtain data on the survival of HIV, laboratory studies have requir
11、ed the use of artificially high concentrations of laboratory-grown virus. Since the HIV concentrations used in laboratory studies are much higher than those actually found in blood or other specimens, drying of HIV-infected human blood or other body fluids reduces the theoretical risk of environment
12、al transmission to that which has been observed essentially zero. Incorrect interpretation of conclusions drawn from laboratory studies has unnecessarily alarmed some people. Results from laboratory studies should not be used to assess specific personal risk of infection because: (1) The amount of v
13、irus studied is not found in human specimens or elsewhere in nature, and (2) no one has been identified as infected with HIV due to contact with an environmental surface. Additionally, HIV is unable to reproduce outside its living host except under laboratory conditions. Therefore, it does not sprea
14、d or maintain infectiousness outside its host. Households Although HIV has been transmitted between family members in a household setting, this type of transmission is very rare. These transmissions are believed to have resulted from contact between skin or mucous membranes (黏膜 ) and infected blood.
15、 To prevent even such rare occurrences, precautions should be taken in all settings “including the home“ to prevent exposure to the blood of persons who are HIV infected, at risk for HIV infection, or whose infection and risk status are unknown, For example. Gloves should be worn during contact with
16、 blood or other body fluids that could possibly contain visible blood, such as urine, feces (粪便 ), or vomit. Cuts, sores, or breaks on both the caregivers and patients exposed skin should be covered with bandages. Hands and other parts of the body should be washed immediately after contact with bloo
17、d or other body fluids, and surfaces soiled with blood should be disinfected appropriately. Practices that increase the likelihood of blood contact, such as sharing of razors and toothbrushes, should be avoided. Businesses and Other Settings There is no known risk of HIV transmission to co-workers,
18、clients, or consumers from contact in settings such as food-service establishments (see information on survival of HIV in the environment). Food-service workers known to be infected with HIV need not be restricted from work unless they have other infections or illnesses for which any food-service wo
19、rker, regardless of HIV infection status, should be restricted. CDC recommends that all food-service workers follow recommended standards and practices of good personal hygiene and food sanitation. Kissing Casual contact through closed-mouth or “social“ kissing is not a risk for transmission of HIV.
20、 Because of the potential for contact with blood during “French“ or open-mouth kissing, CDC recommends against engaging in this activity with a person known to be infected. However, the risk of acquiring HIV during open-mouth kissing is believed to be very low. CDC has investigated only one case of
21、HIV infection that may be attributed to contact with blood during open-mouth kissing. Saliva, Tears, and Sweat HIV has been found in saliva and tears in very low quantities from some AIDS patients. It is important to understand that finding a small amount of HIV in a body fluid does not necessarily
22、mean that HIV can be transmitted by that body fluid. HIV has not been discovered from the sweat of HIV-infected persons. Contact with saliva, tears, or sweat has never been shown to result in transmission of HIV. Insects From the onset of the HIV epidemic, there has been concern about transmission o
23、f the virus by biting and bloodsucking insects. However, studies conducted by researchers at CDC and elsewhere have shown no evidence of HIV transmission through insects even in areas where there are many cases of AIDS and large populations of insects such as mosquitoes. Lack of such outbreaks, desp
24、ite intense efforts to detect them, supports the conclusion that HIV is not transmitted by insects. The results of experiments and observations of insect biting behaviour indicate that when an insect bites a person, it does not inject the blood of its own or a previously bitten person or animal into
25、 the next person bitten. Such diseases as yellow fever and malaria (疟疾 ) are transmitted through the saliva of specific species of mosquitoes. However, H1V lives for only a short time inside an insect and, unlike organisms that are transmitted via insect bites, HIV does not reproduce (and does not s
26、urvive) in insects. Thus, even if the virus enters a mosquito or other sucking or biting insect, the insect does not become infected and cannot transmit HIV to the next human it feeds on or bites. 2 This passage aims at informing people of how HIV is transmitted and how to cure AIDS. （ A） Y （ B） N （
27、 C） NG 3 The writer tells us there are three routes of transmitting HIV. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Incorrect interpretation of lab conclusions leads some people to believe that HIV can be transmitted in the environment. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 HIV infection frequently occurs in a household setting. （
28、A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The writer implies there is no need to worry about being infected with HIV when working with AIDS people. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 There is a big risk of getting infected during open-mouth kissing. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 All the people in the world should work together to fight
29、 against AIDS. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The presence of a small amount of HIV in a body fluid does not necessarily result in _. 10 Studies have proved that insects do not _. 11 HIV lives only for _ inside an insect and does not reproduce in an insect. Section A Directions: In this section, you will h
30、ear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
31、marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Thailand. （ B） Italy. （ C） Brazil. （ D） Iran. （ A） At 9:00. （ B） At 10:00. （ C） At 8:45. （ D） At 9:15. （ A） She doesnt agree with the man. （ B） She likes cooking for herself. （ C） She likes eating in a school canteen. （ D） She never coo
32、ks for herself. （ A） He didnt like any ice cream. （ B） He wanted chocolate ice cream. （ C） He wanted vanilla ice cream. （ D） He didnt want any ice cream now. （ A） In the doctors office. （ B） In the library. （ C） In the classroom. （ D） In the living room. （ A） She will return the mans favor. （ B） She
33、 will return the book on her way to work. （ C） She works at the school library. （ D） She cant return the book for the man. （ A） Buy some football game tickets. （ B） Stay at home and watch TV. （ C） Stay at home and do some studying. （ D） Go to the football game. （ A） The students took a math test tha
34、t afternoon. （ B） The teacher postponed the conference. （ C） The students attended a meeting. （ D） There wasnt a test that afternoon. （ A） Differences between soccer and rugby. （ B） A football match between China and Britain. （ C） Chinese and British football fans. （ D） Ones favorite sport. （ A） It
35、is not very popular in China. （ B） It is accepted by more and more people. （ C） People in China like playing football but do not like watching it. （ D） Chinese people are all keen on football. （ A） Most of them are very crazy. （ B） Theyre troublemakers. （ C） They love football very much. （ D） They c
36、ontribute all their lives to football. （ A） How depression affects womens health. （ B） How depression in mothers affects their babies weight. （ C） How to get rid of depression. （ D） How to better feed low weight babies. （ A） About half of the women being studied suffered from depression. （ B） Babies
37、 whose mothers had been depressed were more likely to get depressed when they grew up. （ C） Babies whose mothers remained depressed were more likely to be ill. （ D） Babies whose mothers remained depressed cried more at night. （ A） They offer them a training program about child care. （ B） They listen
38、 to the mothers troubles and give her advice. （ C） They take care of the baby when his mother is in depression. （ D） They show new mothers how to take care of the baby. （ A） The weather. （ B） The corrosion of the river. （ C） People in search of stone as building materials. （ D） Bad planning. （ A） A
39、T-shirt. （ B） A sweatshirt. （ C） A sweater. （ D） A pair of mans pants. （ A） It is the wrong size. （ B） It is stained. （ C） It has loose thread. （ D） It is too fancy. （ A） To return his money. （ B） To exchange the item. （ C） To give him store credit. （ D） To compensate him for the item. （ A） The cust
40、omer didnt follow the instructions for using the item. （ B） The item was on clearance. （ C） The man no longer has the store receipt. （ D） It is beyond the returning duration. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questio
41、ns. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） How to grow melons. （ B） How to bury a pot of water in the garden. （ C） How to use water efficiently in a desert garden. （ D） H
42、ow to water your plants. （ A） Its too dry to grow melons. （ B） Its a nice place to grow melons. （ C） lts too wet to grow anything. （ D） Its very dry, but melons grow well there. （ A） By burying a water-filled pot among the plants. （ B） With surface irrigation. （ C） With spray irrigation. （ D） By dig
43、ging a ditch along the plants. （ A） He was an English general. （ B） He was a Scottish general. （ C） He was an English biologist. （ D） He was a Scottish biologist. （ A） He hated spiders. （ B） He wanted to do some research on the web. （ C） He just wanted to while away the time. （ D） He wanted to catch
44、 the spider. （ A） Twice. （ B） Three times. （ C） Six times. （ D） Seven times. （ A） Ill luck. （ B） Evil spirits. （ C） Filthy food. （ D） Viruses. （ A） To make him uncomfortable. （ B） To cause evil spirits discomfort. （ C） To defeat evil spirits. （ D） To relieve him of pain. （ A） Plants and herbs. （ B）
45、Magic pills. （ C） Luck charms. （ D） All of the above. （ A） Religious rituals. （ B） Magic words and luck charms. （ C） Primitive remedies. （ D） Distasteful mixtures. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should list
46、en carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can ei
47、ther use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 40 While it cannot be denied that a respectable profession or career is much more exciting than the routine of household 【 B1】 _, and that a man with a working wife is【 B2】 _with an augmented household income, it must be【 B3】 _ that it i
48、s the woman that makes a home. The basic unity of society is the family. In its simplest form, the family consists of father, mother and children (or child). While the needs of the family in【 B4】 _ of food, clothing and other modern necessities have to be provided for, the needs of the children must
49、 not be【 B5】 _. By her very nature woman is more loving,【 B6】_and warm she is gifted with the elements that make up a home-maker and【 B7】 _. In these, she is better【 B8】 _than man. It is only logical that her place is in the home. For all that has been said of the liberation of women,【 B9】 _.How often have we heard of women combining career with marriage (the latter, needless to say, means home-making)?【 B10】 _? Surely we all know, consciously or unconsciously, that
