1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 339及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the expenditure structure of college students with the title of Can You Make Ends Meet. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 试述你目前
2、的消费水平 (如平均每月消费金额、主要用于哪些方面及各方面所占总金额的比重 )。 2你主要的生活来源是什么 ?你有否通过其他方式补贴你的生活？ 3你认为目前大学生消费存在哪些方面的问题？ 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For
3、questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Nuclear Age The Earth exploded into the nuclear a
4、ge on 16 July 1945. On that day, the US tested a completely new type of weapon in the New Mexico desert. Crafted from a tennis-ball-sized plutonium sphere (钚球 ), the bomb produced an explosion equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT. Sixty years on, tens of thousands of tonnes of plutonium and enriched ura
5、nium (浓缩铀 ) have been produced. The global nuclear arsenal (兵工厂 ) stands at about 27,000 bombs. Nine countries very proba-bly possess nuclear weapons,while 40 others have access to the materials and technology to make them. But nuclear technology has also been used for peaceful means. The first nucl
6、ear reactor to provide electricity to a national grid opened in England in 1956. Now, 442 reactors in 32 nations produce 16% of the worlds electricity. Nuclear power has been championed as a source of cheap energy. But this was weakened at the end of the 20th century by reactor accidents, the proble
7、ms of radioactive waste disposal, competition from more-efficient electricity sources and unavoidable links to nuclear weapons proliferation (核武器扩散 ). Nonetheless, growing evidence for global warming had led some to argue that nuclear power is the only way to generate power without emitting greenhou
8、se gases. Dropping the bomb The Hiroshima (广岛 ) bomb was made of enriched uranium, compressed by detonating explosives to achieve a supercritical mass (超临界质量 ). The Nagasaki(长崎 ) bomb was made of plutonium. Following 1945, the US developed massively destructive hydrogen bombs. Some are equivalent to
9、 many millions of tons of TNT, and yield vast amounts of energy through nuclear fusion. Nuclear weapons technology has been adapted for many military uses, such as intercontinental missiles, huge fission (裂变 ) weapons, mini-nukes (微型核弹 ), gamma ray weapons, nuclear landmines (地雷 ), and nuclear defen
10、ce missiles. By bombing Japan, the US started a worldwide arms race, and the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Soviets developed and tested their own bomb in 1949. The United Kingdom achieved the feat in 1952, followed by France in 1960, China in 1964 and most recently India and Pakistan in 1998.
11、Israel is widely thought to possess nuclear weapons and North Korea declared in 2005 that it did too, though neither has conducted tests. Iraq and Libya (利比亚 ) have attempted to develop them in the past, and Iran has been accused of having a secret nuclear weapons programme. Stopping the Spread Whil
12、e up to nine nations have nuclear weapons, 187 others have promised not to manufacture them. Twenty countries such as Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and South Africa once had programmes; but as signatories to the 1968 Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), later abandoned
13、them. The NPT aimed to limit the spread of atomic weapons and bound the five original nuclear weapons states to sharing nuclear technology and materials for peaceful means mainly through US and Russian disarmament, the treaty has achieved the decommissioning (退役 ) of 38,000 warheads (弹头 ) since 1986
14、. However, the treaty is under strain in 2005. Nuclear-armed states stand accused of failing to reduce their arsenals (兵工厂 ), and of considering new weapons, like mini-nukes. Iran reached an agreement with Europe to halt uranium enrichment activities, but may renege (食言 )on that deal. The 1996 Compr
15、ehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty is an attempt to limit test detonations and slow nuclear armament, but the US senate refused to approve of it in 1999. Controlling the remains of the Soviet Unions vast and poorly protected nuclear arsenal is another great challenge. The International Atomic Energy A
16、gency is struggling to keep track of smuggling and the black market in nuclear materials and technology, and fears of terrorists acquiring a dirty bomb are frequently expressed. The sale of materials and information was highlighted in 2004, when a Pakistani nuclear scientist admitted to selling nucl
17、ear technology to Libya, North Korea and Pakistan. Atoms for peace Nuclear power generation has been linked to nuclear weapon proliferation. In fact, the first industrial-scale reactors, built in the US in 1944, were designed to produce plutonium for weapons and the energy generated was wasted. The
18、first nuclear reactor to provide electricity to a national grid opened in Calder Hall in England in 1956. Today countries such as Japan and France use nuclear power to provide up to 75% of their energy. Nuclear fuel has also been used to power submarines, such as Russias doomed Kursk; spacecraft suc
19、h as Cassini, Galileo and the failed Mars-96; and ice breakers, aircraft carriers and other ships. The Pentagon (五角大 楼 ) even briefly entertained the idea of a nuclear powered jet. Going critical However, several high profile accidents damaged public confidence in nuclear power. The worst US nuclear
20、 accident was in 1979, when a cooling system broke down at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. The reactor melted down, releasing radioactive gas into the environment. There are now concerns about safety with other ageing US reactors. The worlds most serious nuclear accident happened in 1986, at Cher
21、nobyl (前功联乌克兰北部城市 ) in Ukraine. The radiation released killed 30 people directly and spread over northern Europe. The accident has led to radiation induced conditions such as thyroid (甲状腺癌 ) cancers and leukaemia (白血病 ), birth defects, baby deaths and pollution of lakes and forests. Three other reac
22、tors at Chernobyl began working again in 1988, but the last finally closed in 2000 after Western nations eventually paid Ukraine to close it. Similar reactors in Eastern Europe may be just as dangerous. In 1999, 70 people were exposed to radiation in Japans Tokaimnra uranium processing plant after w
23、orkers added seven times the safe quantity of uranium to a settling tank. This caused an uncontrolled chain reaction. Many dangerous accidents have occurred in facilities such as Windscale, Sellafield, Mayak, Monju, Tsuruga and Mihama. Radioactive nuclear waste-which remains dangerous for many thous
24、ands of years-is another serious drawback of the industry. Governments have considered disposing of it by reprocessing; burying it deep underground, such in Nevadas Yucca Mountain in the US; burning it; shipping it to other coun tries; destroying it with giant lasers; encasing it in glass blocks and
25、 storing it on-site at nuclear facilities. But concerns have been raised about potential flooding o repositories (贮藏室 ), secret disposal sites and the risks of transporting waste. Cleaning up decommissioned nuclear sites is also expensive and difficult. Yet nuclear power still has one advantage that
26、 could prompt a comeback the lack of greenhouse gas emissions. Some now consider it as a good way to reduce the emissions linked to global warming. The US government has already announced plans for a number of new nuclear power stations-the first since 1979. John Pickerell, 8 August 2005 (Adapted) 2
27、 Nuclear power has been considered as a source of cheap and safe energy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The US started a worldwide arms race and the Cold War With the Soviet Union by bombing Japan. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Israel and North Korea were widely thought to possess nuclear weapons and have conduc
28、ted tests. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Most of the countries are taking efforts to fight against terrorism. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The NPT aimed to limit the spread of atomic weapons and share nuclear technology and materials for peaceful means. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Nuclear technology was sold by a
29、Pakistani nuclear scientist to Libya, North Korea and Pakistan. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Nuclear power is too dangerous and expensive for peaceful use; therefore, many countries are reluctant to accept it. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The first nuclear reactor to provide electricity to a national grid ope
30、ned in England in _. 10 The worlds most serious nuclear accident happened in _. 11 Cleaning up decommissioned nuclear sites is _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
31、about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） $5. （ B） $6. （ C） $4.8. （ D） $5.40. （ A） Waitress and cus
32、tomer. （ B） Hostess and guest. （ C） Husband and wife. （ D） Manager and secretary. （ A） The man was offering his seat to the woman. （ B） The woman was buying some jam and sardines. （ C） The man suggested the woman get off the bus. （ D） The woman was complaining to the man for a seat. （ A） A new libra
33、ry. （ B） A new school. （ C） A new hospital. （ D） A new airport. （ A） The neighbor shouldnt listen to music at night. （ B） The neighbor probably wont turn down the music. （ C） He doesnt think the music is very loud. （ D） They should move to another place. （ A） At the doctors office. （ B） At a drug st
34、ore. （ C） At a restaurant. （ D） At home. （ A） There is little breeze. （ B） The room is on fire. （ C） The man is bothered by the smoke. （ D） Women are not permitted in this room. （ A） He feels sorry for those students. （ B） He considers the punishment excessive. （ C） He thinks it good to punish those
35、 students. （ D） He disapproves of what the professor did. （ A） To Beijing for a class reunion. （ B） To Beijing on vacation. （ C） To Beijing on business. （ D） To Beijing to visit his relatives. （ A） About 24. （ B） About 56. （ C） About 27. （ D） About 12. （ A） Chens class is really a huge one. （ B） The
36、 class reunion is held once a year. （ C） Chen likes the class union very much. （ D） Chen considers it necessary to be friends with everyone in his class. （ A） Wonderful. （ B） Exciting. （ C） Not bad. （ D） Awful. （ A） They can take good care of their parents. （ B） They can have more time to work. （ C）
37、 They can not afford a new house. （ D） They can eat the already-done dinner after work. （ A） Because she lived with her parents. （ B） Because her husband had had a nervous breakdown. （ C） Because she had less strain. （ D） Because she could speak French and German fluently. （ A） It is very common for
38、 the young people to live with their parents. （ B） People usually get sick under great strain. （ C） The husband in the movie takes sleeping pills sometimes to sleep well. （ D） The couple in the movie finally has their own house. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.
39、At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Electricity. （ B） Steam. （ C） Water. （ D） Boats. （ A） The Ohio. （ B） The
40、Mississippi. （ C） The Missouri. （ D） The Mackenize. （ A） Farmers. （ B） Tourists. （ C） Manufacturers. （ D） Traders. （ A） Thinking is not a mental process. （ B） Thinking was only a mental action. （ C） Thinking is a process that involves our entire body. （ D） Thinking is a process that involves the mus
41、cles as well as the brain. （ A） They move some part of their body. （ B） They stop what they are doing and listening. （ C） They want to direct the orchestra playing it. （ D） They wish that they could conduct music properly. （ A） To hear the music. （ B） To appreciate the music. （ C） To enjoy the music
42、 fully. （ D） To completely understand the music. （ A） London. （ B） Rome. （ C） Paris. （ D） Stockholm. （ A） No traffic is allowed on some streets. （ B） Traffic is computer-controlled. （ C） Cars move very slowly. （ D） Only one-way streets are open to traffic. （ A） Reduce the number of buses on highways
43、. （ B） Decrease accidents. （ C） Control vehicles on highways. （ D） Control the decrease of highways. （ A） In the 15th century. （ B） In the 16th century. （ C） In the 5th century. （ D） In the 6th century. （ A） Because of the beautiful garden in front of it. （ B） Because of its old style of architectur
44、e. （ C） Because it was the only modern building there. （ D） Because it was at the seaside. （ A） To keep the tourists away. （ B） To welcome the tourists. （ C） To make money. （ D） To warn the tourists not to ruin his garden. （ A） In order to earn more money. （ B） In order to have more peace. （ C） In o
45、rder to have more visitors. （ D） In order to have a bigger garden. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required
46、 to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 39 People who lived in towns and c
47、ities could easily refresh themselves in the hot summers just before the turn of the【 B1】 _. Coca-Cola had been invented in Alaonta in the 1890s, and it was for sale at thousands of【 B2】 _and candy store soda【 B3】 _all over America. But people who lived in the country couldnt easily go into town eve
48、ry time they wanted a Coca-Cola or【 B4】 _soda water. So Joe Biedenharn, a Vieksburg, Mississippi, candy store【 B5】 _, decided soda should be taken【 B6】 _of the cities and into the country, where most Americans lived. He began to fill 10.5【 B7】 _, wire-stopped bottles with Coca-Cola, shipping them by
49、【 B8】 _and boat to the small towns along the Mississippi River.【 B9】_that Biedenharn was forced to move his bottling plant to a larger building.【 B10】 _. Biedenharn sent them his first two cases,【 B11】 _. 40 【 B1】 41 【 B2】 42 【 B3】 43 【 B4】 44 【 B5】 45 【 B6】 46 【 B7】 47 【 B8】 48 【 B9】 49 【 B10】 50 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or
