1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 353及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Owning a Car. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below： Owning a Car 1. 拥有汽车可令我们的生活变得更加方便、舒
2、适和快捷； 2同时，汽车也会为我们带来一些苦恼； 3随着社会的发展，越来越多的中国人将会拥有自己的汽车。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the s
3、tatement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Rise of Industry There are no accidents in history. It. is impossible to make something ou
4、t of nothing. History is not made in a vacuum any more than oak tree is made out of thin air. Every historical movement or event is the result of something that happened earlier just as the oak is dependent upon the acom(橡子 ), the soil, moisture, and proper weather conditions. And in its mm every su
5、ch historical movement or event helps to determine the future. This is true of the rise of industry. The proper roots of American industry extend backward into the past. One of its main roots is that of invention. Factories could not nm without the wheel, which was one of the first inventions, and o
6、ne of the most important inventions, ever made. They could not run efficiently without thousands of other inventions which have been made as the centuries have passed by. Another main root is the idea of interchangeable parts. This meant that instead of making an entire machine, automobile, or rifle
7、 as a unit in one factory, largely by hand and at great expense, the small individual parts might be manufactured in separate factories or shops in mass production at a much lower cost. A third main root consists of the discoveries of our scientists who harnessed electricity, found new ways to use p
8、etroleum and other natural resources, and unlocked secrets through chemistry. A fourth great root consists of our natural resources. Without iron ore, copper, oil timber, fertile soil, and similar natural resources large industries could not exist. The result of the rise of industry has been tremend
9、ous. The lives of each and every one of us have been affected profoundly by the products of factory machines. Industry has caused the great migration from country to city. We were a nation of farmers before the rise of our industry. In 1790, 95% of the population of the United States lived on farms.
10、 But this picture changed rapidly as people living on farms moved to factory towns to work at the new machines erected them. The work seemed easier than what they had done on the farm, the wages paid looked attractive, and life in the factory towns appeared more exciting. By 1870 there were about as
11、 many workers in the factories as there were on the farms. By 1930 about eighty percent of the workers were in the factories and only about twenty percent on the farms, Whereas in 1790 most American workers were engaged in fanning, today most workers are employed in industry. Thus there has been alm
12、ost a complete about-face in the type of work done by the average American-a fundamental change that resulted largely from the rise of industry. The thousands of new factories have been largely responsible for making us the wealthiest nation that the world has ever seen. All sections of our populati
13、on have benefited. By 1860 the per capita income of the average had risen to $ 500; by 1930 it was more than six times as much. The people who owned these factories sometimes made great profits and became very wealthy. During the latter part of the nineteenth century some Americans became millionair
14、es; soon they became common in our larger cities. The workers in the factories also benefited in time. In the early factories it was not unusual for a worker to receive two dollars per week, consisting of six days of employment from dawn to dark. John D Rockefeller, who became one of the wealthiest
15、of Americans, once worked as a bookkeeper at $12.50 per month. Today the income of American laborers for much shorter hours is by far the greatest in the entire world. It is not always easy to compare incomes received in one period of our history with incomes received by some other generations becau
16、se the value of the dollar varies. Today a dollar will not buy nearly as much as at other times in the past. But, despite these variations, the American worker has much more wealth than he possessed before the rise of industry. As factories have grown and multiplied, the type of work has changed. Be
17、fore the days of mass production the individual worker might make a manufactured product all by himself, perhaps at his own forge(铁匠铺 ). He could take pride in what he had accomplished. When factories were built and the idea of interchangeable parts was introduced, he made only a part of the finishe
18、d product himself. He could take less pride than before in what he had accomplished. As factories grew even larger the various parts of the manufactured product were made in different factories, sometimes in various cities. The role that he played as an individual worker became less and less until,
19、in many cases, his work seemed unimportant to him. He found difficulty in feeling pride in a finished automobile if he tightened only a few bolts. The work became boring and monotonous (单调的 ). Before the rise of industry the worker was often his own boss. ff he did not work for himself, he was one o
20、f only a few workers who worked directly with or under their employer. The worker and the employer could understand each other s problems. The rise of industry led to a widening chasm (差距 ) between industrialists and labor. The time came when the worker and his employer did not know each other. ,Som
21、etimes the people who owned the factory lived in faraway cities and their only interest was in profits. In such situations the main concern of the workers was often the size of their paychecks without regard to the welfare of the company. Sometimes the struggle between workers and industrialists led
22、 not only to friction but to violence, which frequently harmed the general public as well as labor and industry. On the other hand there have been many occasions when workers and industrialists have learned that they need each other and have clasped hands across the chasm. Where there has been harmo
23、ny between workers and industrialists, there have been generally uninterrupted paychecks and profits. Another indirect but important result of the rise of industry has been the increase of leisure time and the extent to which the average citizen can make use of it. In the early part of the nineteent
24、h century most workers, whether on the farm or in the factory, had little leisure time. It was not unusual for girls in factory towns in New England to live in dormitories belonging to the company. Besides working from dawn to dark they had little time allowed for meals, they had to retire each nigh
25、t at a set time, and their social life was regulated even on Sunday. Today because of the short work week the average worker, even on the farm, has a considerable amount of leisure time. His employer does not require him to go to bed, get up, or eat at a specified time, or to go to church on Sunday.
26、 With his greatly increased income and the varied means of transportation which are readily available, he is relatively free to go where, and do as, he pleases. He has much more time to spend at home, to take his family on an outing at the beach, to devote to Boy Scouts or to Little League, or to us
27、e for literature, music, or more education. On the other hand, he has more time to spend in ways that are useless, or harmful to others. 2 The passage mainly deals with the causes and consequences d the rise of industry. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The division of labor is one of the factors leading to
28、the rise of industry. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 By 1870, about 45 percent of the U.S. population moved to factory towns. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The wealth created by the rise of industry has resulted in much that is wasteful and evil. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Only American millionaires benefited from
29、the rise of industry. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 With the division of labor, the individual worker played an increasingly important role in making the finished product. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Sometimes friction or even violence occurred between workers and industrialism because they did not know each
30、other by name. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 By 1930, the per capita income of the average American had risen to_. 10 Sometimes it is difficult to compare money values in different periods of history because_. 11 Before the rise of industry people have less _ since they had to work from dawn to dark with
31、little time allowed for meals. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each q
32、uestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She wants to change her apartment. （ B） Her apartment is close to the supermarket. （ C） Her apartment is very beautiful. （ D） She cant see the beautiful vie
33、w of the city. （ A） John is very intelligent. （ B） John should stay for his studies. （ C） John has got his Masters degree. （ D） John should go home and begin his business. （ A） It wont be accepted by the teacher. （ B） Major revisions are needed. （ C） Its organization is perfect. （ D） Only a few chan
34、ges should be made in it. （ A） Mr. Smith is very kind. （ B） The woman should not worry. （ C） He is worried, too. （ D） He likes Mr. Smith. （ A） He lost the calculator. （ B） He doesnt know where the calculator is. （ C） He thinks he has broken the calculator. （ D） He isnt able to work out the answer to
35、 the problem. （ A） He looks after them carefully. （ B） He does not like Mr. Smith and his friends. （ C） He is very strict. （ D） He makes them work even in the early morning. （ A） He was driving too fast2 （ B） He ran into a bicycle. （ C） He hurt his back and his head. （ D） He ran into a tree. （ A） He
36、 has some work to do. （ B） The woman is going to do that. （ C） His boss is coming to see him. （ D） He doesnt feel like eating any bread today. （ A） They meet for coffee. （ B） They plan to date each other. （ C） They meet for dinner. （ D） They decide to go traveling together. （ A） After 5:00 p.m. tomo
37、rrow. （ B） About 5:00 p.m. tomorrow. （ C） At 12 tomorrow. （ D） After 12 tomorrow. （ A） The coffee shop on Rose Street. （ B） The coffee shop on Main Street. （ C） The coffee shop on Park Street. （ D） The coffee shop on Market Road. （ A） He is applying for a job. （ B） He is applying for university educ
38、ation. （ C） He is applying for a scholarship. （ D） He is applying for a loan. （ A） In the army. （ B） In his hometown. （ C） At home. （ D） In California. （ A） Sports. （ B） Physiology. （ C） Psychology. （ D） Biology. （ A） He advised him to learn science. （ B） He advised him to take interest in science.
39、（ C） He advised him to apply for a scientific school. （ D） He advised him not to major in science. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you h
40、ear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） He should start to learn the local language. （ B） He should learn about and comprehend the new customs and try to adjust himself. （ C） He should adapt himself to the new environment. （ D） He should make
41、efforts to restrain his emotions. （ A） Four. （ B） Five. （ C） Six. （ D） Seven. （ A） The different stages of “culture shock“ in details. （ B） The various aspects of emotional confusion. （ C） Some useful advice to the newcomers going to a foreign country. （ D） Several mixed conceptions of the American
42、culture. （ A） Because it is designed like a cradle. （ B） Because it is pulled and pushed by magnetic attraction and repulsion. （ C） Because it runs on air. （ D） Because theres no friction between wheels and rails. （ A） A battery-operated system on the train will control and bring the cars to a smoot
43、h stop. （ B） The magnetic attraction will hook the cars firmly. （ C） The cars equipped with a device will run in a special guide way. （ D） The internal power will keep the cars steady. （ A） Maglev would get many cars off roads in future. （ B） Maglev would become only means of transportation. （ C） Ma
44、glev would turn into a flying train. （ D） Maglev would replace trans and planes. （ A） It is a thank-you letter to a medical doctor. （ B） It is an advertisement for vitamin B12. （ C） It is a letter to the editor of a magazine. （ D） It is a preface to a book on vitamins. （ A） He wanted to prevent hims
45、elf from suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency. （ B） He was seriously ill with vitamin B12 deficiency. （ C） He .wanted to cure his family members of an inherited disorder. （ D） He was curious about the latest medical development. （ A） To have his blood tested early. （ B） To take food rich in vitamin
46、s. （ C） To have regular vitamin injections. （ D） Not to believe his doctors. （ A） When a patient is at an old age. （ B） When a patient is very young. （ C） When a person doesnt take foods containing vitamins. （ D） When a patient stops vitamins injections. Section C Directions: In this section, you wi
47、ll hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from
48、 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Our brains have been processing sophisticated information via our senses for millions of years. So why is it we are still【 B1】 _ to lies? Why a
49、rent we better at discovering the deception of others? The language of the face is【 B2】 _. Almost our first sight as new-born baby is our mothers face smiling at us. Not only are we immediately【 B3】 _ to respond to faces, but right away we can also【 B4】 _ surprise, pleasure and distress. The constant visual dialogue, as parent and child【 B5】 _ expressions back and forth, is【 B6】 _ for the young brain. It is how we build a【 B7】 _ of other minds-we feel happy when we smile, so someone else smil
