1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 371及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below. 假定你是一名校报编辑，由于校报的快速发展需要 招聘新的学生记者，请你根据此内容拟一则招聘广告。 二、 Part II Reading Comp
2、rehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the
3、 statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Eating Disorders: Facts About Eating Disorders and the Search for Solutions Eating is controlled by many factors, including appetite, food availability, family, peers, an
4、d cultural practices, and attempts at voluntary control. Dieting to a body weight leaner than needed for health is highly promoted by current fashion trends, sales campaigns for special foods, and in some activities and professions. Eating disorders involve serious disturbances in eating behaviour,
5、such as extreme and unhealthy reduction of food intake or severe overeating, as well as feelings of distress or extreme concern about body shape or weight. Eating disorders are not due to a failure of will or behaviour; rather, they are real, treatable medical illnesses in which certain maladaptive
6、(适应不良的 ) patterns of eating take on a life of their own. The main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa (厌食症 ) and bulimia nervosa (暴食症 ). A third type, binge-eating (暴食行为 ) disorder, has been suggested but has not yet been approved as a formal psychiatric diagnosis. Eating disorders freque
7、ntly develop during adolescence or early adulthood, but some reports indicate their onset can occur during childhood or later in adulthood. Eating disorders frequently co-occur with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders. In addition, people who suffer
8、 from eating disorders can experience a wide range of physical health complications, including serious heart conditions and kidney failure which may lead to death. Recognition of eating disorders as real and treatable diseases, therefore, is critically important. Females are much more likely than ma
9、les to develop an eating disorder. Only an estimated 5 to 15 percent of people with anorexia or bulimia and an estimated 35 percent of those with binge-eating disorder are male. Anorexia Nervosa An estimated 0.5 to 3.7 percent of females suffer from anorexia nervosa in their lifetime. Symptoms of an
10、orexia nervosa include: resistance to maintaining body weight at or above a minimally normal weight tot age and height intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight disturbance in the way in which ones body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or s
11、hape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight infrequent or absent menstrual periods (in females who have reached puberty 青春期 ) People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. The process of eating becomes an obsess
12、ion. Unusual eating habits develop, such as avoiding food and meals, picking out a few foods and eating these in small quantities, or carefully weighing and portioning food. People with anorexia may repeatedly check their body weight, and many engage in other techniques to control their weight, such
13、 as intense and compulsive exercise, or purging by means of vomiting and abuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics. Girls with anorexia often experience a delayed onset of their first menstrual period. Bulimia Nervosa An estimated 1.1 percent to 4.2 percent of females have bulimia nervosa in their l
14、ifetime. Symptoms of bulimia nervosa include: recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour in order to prevent w
15、eight gain, such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications (purging); fasting; or excessive exercise the binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviour both occur, on average, at least twice a week for 3 months self-evaluation unduly influenced b
16、y body shape and weight Because purging or other compensatory behaviour follows the binge-eating episodes, people with bulimia usually weigh within the normal range for their age and height. However, like individuals with anorexia, they may fear gaining weight, desire to lose weight, and feel intens
17、ely dissatisfied with their bodies. People with bulimia often perform the behaviours in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge (催泻 ). Binge-Eating Disorder Community surveys have estimated that between 2 percent and 5 percent of Americans experience bing
18、e-eating disorder in a 6-month period. Symptoms of binge-eating disorder include: recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode the binge-eating episodes are as
19、sociated with at least 3 of the following: eating much more rapidly than normal; eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry; eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating; feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, o
20、r very guilty after overeating marked distress about the binge-eating behaviour the binge eating occurs, on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months the binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviour (e.g., purging, fasting, excessive exercise) People
21、 with binge-eating disorder experience frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with the same binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia. The main difference is that individuals with binge-eating disorder do not purge their bodies of excess calories. Therefore, many with the disorder are overwei
22、ght for their age and height. Feelings of self-disgust and shame associated with this illness can lead to bingeing again, creating a cycle of binge eating. Treatment Strategies Eating disorders can be treated and a healthy weight restored. The sooner these disorders are diagnosed and treated, the be
23、tter file outcomes are likely to be. Because of their complexity, eating disorders require a comprehensive treatment plan involving medical care and monitoring, psychosocial interventions, nutritional counselling and, when appropriate, medication management. At the time of diagnosis, the clinician (
24、临床医生 ) must determine whether the person is in immediate danger and requires hospitalization. Treatment of anorexia calls for a specific programme that involves three main phases: (1) restoring weight lost to severe dieting and purging; (2) treating psychological disturbances such as distortion of b
25、ody image, low self-esteem, and interpersonal conflicts; and (3) achieving long-term remission and rehabilitation, or full recovery. Early diagnosis and treatment increases the treatment success rate. The acute management of severe weight loss is usually provided in an inpatient hospital setting, wh
26、ere feeding plans address the persons medical and nutritional needs. In some cases, intravenous (静脉注射的 ) feeding is recommended. Families are sometimes included in the therapeutic process. The primary goal of treatment for bulimia is to reduce or eliminate binge eating and purging behaviour. To this
27、 end, nutritional rehabilitation, psychosocial intervention, and medication management strategies are often employed. Establishment of a pattern of regular, non-binge meals, improvement of attitudes related to the eating disorder, encouragement of healthy but not excessive exercise, and resolution o
28、f co-occurring conditions such as mood or anxiety disorders are among the specific aims of these strategies. Individual psychotherapy (心理疗法 ), group psychotherapy, and family or marital therapy have been reported to be effective. People with eating disorders often do not recognize or admit that they
29、 are ill. As a result, they may strongly resist getting and staying in treatment. Family members or other trusted individuals can be helpful in ensuring that the person with all eating disorder receives needed care and rehabilitation. For some people, treatment may be long term. 2 The article mainly
30、 talks about three kinds of eating disorders and their treatment. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Although eating disorders are not diseases, they can be treated with medicine. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Eating disorders are often accompanied by depression and anxiety. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Women are more li
31、kely to suffer from eating disorders than men. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 More and more people are suffering from the problem of eating disorders. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 People with anorexia nervosa are usually very thin. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The weight of those with bulimia is within the normal ra
32、nge, considering their age and heath. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 It is estimated that between _of Americans suffer from binge-eating disorder in a period of 6 months. 10 One symptom of binge-eating disorder is that the binge eating occurs at least _on average. 11 The sooner eating disorders are treated
33、, the better_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there wi
34、ll be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） To ask Jack to finish the lab test. （ B） To ask the speaker to help her. （ C） To ask Jack for help. （ D） To ask Jack to come earlier. （ A） Her brother will return the follo
35、wing week. （ B） Her brother will be back light after the holiday. （ C） Her brother will come back for the holiday. （ D） Her brother will begin his vacation next week. （ A） 8:30. （ B） 8:20. （ C） 4:20. （ D） 4:30. （ A） She lost her job. （ B） She was busy with her new job. （ C） She was bus) with her chi
36、ldren. （ D） Her husband wont let her go. （ A） He wanted Cathy to come, but she couldnt. （ B） He invited Cathy to the party. （ C） He didnt invite Cathy to the party. （ D） He couldnt invite Cathy because he was not the holder. （ A） He can certainly count on his uncle. （ B） His uncle wont help him at a
37、ll. （ C） He can ask her for help. （ D） Everyone can help him. （ A） A pharmacist. （ B） A doctor. （ C） A prescriber. （ D） A physicist. （ A） She made it herself. （ B） She bought it a long time ago. （ C） She had a tailor make it. （ D） She had an old one remade. （ A） Admission forms. （ B） Solar energy. （
38、 C） Auto maintenance. （ D） Course requirements for engineers. （ A） Three. （ B） Four. （ C） Five. （ D） Six. （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. （ A） Its not so good as she expected. （ B） Its terrible. （ C） Its very good. （ D） Its just so-so. （ A） Los Angeles is a wonderful city. （ B） Theres a g
39、ood subway system in Los Angeles. （ C） She visited some movie stars homes in Hollywood. （ D） She had a very good time in Disneyland. （ A） Because it used to be hot in the city. （ B） Because it is winter now. （ C） Because it is summer now. （ D） Because it is not like what the weather forecast said. （
40、 A） Because San Francisco is much bigger than Los Angeles. （ B） Because San Francisco is cleaner than Los Angeles. （ C） Because there is no bay in Los Angeles. （ D） Because it is more convenient to get around in San Francisco than in Los Angeles. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear
41、3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） His own room. （ B） A lot of friends. （ C） A babysister.
42、 （ D） A lot of toys. （ A） Clean. （ B） Noisy. （ C） Dirty. （ D） Quiet. （ A） Everybody else wanted it. （ B） Nobody else wanted it. （ C） Steven promised to keep it clean. （ D） Steven promised to take care of it. （ A） A house which has been shut up for some period of time. （ B） An empty house that is usu
43、ally kept clean. （ C） A comfortable house. （ D） A new house with fresh and clean smell. （ A） The chairs dont look anything normal. （ B） The chairs are very neatly arranged. （ C） The chairs look as if no one has ever sat on them. （ D） Both A and B. （ A） Because the kitchen has a strange smell. （ B） B
44、ecause everything looks old and unpleasant. （ C） Because one cannot find what he or she needs. （ D） Because all of the above. （ A） In 1853. （ B） In 1863. （ C） In 1860. （ D） In 1873. （ A） Copper. （ B） Gold. （ C） Silver. （ D） Animals or food. （ A） 16 years ago. （ B） 60 years after the law-making. （ C）
45、 In 1873. （ D） In 1930s. （ A） It means power. （ B） It means evil. （ C） It means different things at different times. （ D） It means an amount of silver, gold and copper. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should
46、 listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you c
47、an either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Women and men differ not only in physical【 B1】 _and reproductive function but also in the way in which they solve intellectual problems. Adequate【 B2】_suggests, however, that the effects of sex hormones on brain【 B3】 _occur so ea
48、rly in life that from the start the environment is acting on differently wired brain in girls and boys. Major sex differences in intellectual function seem to lie in patterns of ability rather than overall level of intelligence. We are all aware that people have different intellectual strengths. Som
49、e are especially good with words, others at using objects for instance at【 B4】 _or fixing things. In the same fashion, two【 B5】 _may have the same overall intelligence but have【 B6】 _patterns of ability. Men, on average, perform better than women on certain spatial tasks. In particular, men have an advantage in tests that require the subject to imagine rotating an object or manipulating it in【 B7】 _their way through a route. Further, men are more【 B8】_in tests of target-directed motor skills
