1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 402及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of To Learn Inside or Outside the Classroom. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 课堂学习很重要 2. 然而，有人认为课外可以学到更多的知识 3. 我的看法 二、 Part II
2、Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (fo
3、r NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 How Geniuses Work Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton, who invented Physics. He also played a big role in the development of Calculus
4、(微积分学 ), which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35. The understanding of genius According to conventio
5、nal wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people. In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to strange behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a litt
6、le trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still. There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius. First, the genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value be a genius. Others feel th
7、at IQ tests measure only a limited part of a persons total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius. Second, genius is a big picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other hand, examine details. A concept as subjective as genius isnt easy t
8、o quantify, analyze or study. So, when exploring how geniuses work, its a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. A genius isnt simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventio
9、ns or works of art. Usually, a genius work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way. Genius and the brain The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层 ), the out
10、ermost part of your brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are your brains higher functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain. Your cerebral cortex is the largest part of your brain, and its full of wrinkles and folds. If you removed and stretched out an ad
11、ult humans cerebral cortex, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. Its divided into several lobes (圆形的突起 ), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how you think. Researchers have so far only figured out a few things about how the brain affects in
12、telligence. A 2004 study at the University of California found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brains total volume. The findings suggest that the physical attributes of many parts of the brain determine how smart a person i
13、s. A 2006 paper in the journal Nature theorized that the way the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itself. A persons cerebral cortex gets thicker during childhood and thinner during youth, According to the study, the brains of children with higher IQs thickened faster than
14、those of other children. Studies also suggest that, to some extent, children inherit intelligence from their parents. Some researchers theorize that this is because the physical structure of the brain can be an inherited trait. In addition, the process of becoming really good at something both requi
15、res and encourages your brain to wire itself to handle that particular task better. Genius and intelligence Like genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists study intelligence extensively. An entire field of study, known as psychometrics (心理测验学 ), is devoted to studying and meas
16、uring intelligence. But even within that field, experts dont always agree on exactly what it is or how best to analyze it. And while intelligence is central to genius, not all geniuses score well on intelligence tests or perform well in school. Intelligence testing has existed for thousands of years
17、. The best known IQ tests started near the end of the 19th century. Today, IQ tests generally measure a persons memory, language and mathematical abilities. IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between 90 and 110. A common perception is that anyone scoring above a certain number
18、often 140 is automatically a genius. But in spite of the existence of high IQ organizations, many scientists caution that there is no such thing as a genius level IQ. Many educators and researchers feel that, in general, standardized IQ tests do a good job of predicting how well a child will perform
19、 in school. Schools often use these tests to determine which children to place in gifted or special education classes. Most colleges and universities and some employers also use standardized tests as part of their application processes. However, in spite of their prevalence, these tests are not safe
20、 enough. In general, some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower than people from other racial and economic groups. Critics contend that this makes IQ tests invalid. In addition, some researchers argue that the concept of IQ is too limiting and doesnt really give a full v
21、iew of a persons intelligence. They feel that intelligence is a combination of many factors. Genius and creativity Theres a big difference between being really smart and being a genius. While geniuses tend to be exceptionally intelligent, they also use imagination and creativity to invent, discover
22、or create something new within their field of interest. They break new ground rather than simply remembering existing information. Geniuses do not usually operate in isolation, either. Nearly all of them analyze the work of other great minds and use that information to make new discoveries. Self tau
23、ght geniuses, on the other hand, often explore information in unexpected ways, due in part to their lack of formal training. In either case, the ability to imagine new possibilities is as important as general intelligence. Like intelligence, creativity and imagination can be difficult to isolate, qu
24、antify or explain. Some researchers believe that creative people have less potential inhibition than other people. Potential inhibition is the unconscious ability to ignore unimportant stimuli. Researchers think that creative people either receive more stimuli from the world around them or ignore le
25、ss of it. This may also explain why creative people seem to be more prone to mental illness. The creativity of geniuses also relates to productivity and hard work. Sometimes, the most dramatic examples of genius involve people who produce their best work at a very young age. However, not every geniu
26、s produces exceptional work early in life the way Einstein and Mozart did. Some, like Ludwig yon Beethoven, do their best work later in life. We may never know precisely where creativity comes from, why some people use their creativity more than others or why some people are most creative during spe
27、cific times in their lives. We may not learn how one person ends up with the right balance of brainpower, intelligence and creativity to become a genius. But its clear that geniuses are central to advancements in science, technology and understanding. Without geniuses, our understanding of mathemati
28、cs, literature and music would be completely different. Concepts that we now take for granted, like gravity, planetary orbits and black holes, might still he undiscovered. 2 What do people think of geniuses in the traditional way? （ A） They are wealthier than common people. （ B） They are harder to d
29、eal with. （ C） They think faster and better than common people. （ D） They are a little trickier than others. 3 What is one of the reasons that make it hard for people to study genius? （ A） Geniuses are all very strange and hard to get along with. （ B） Genius is a subjective concept. （ C） IQ test is
30、not accurate in measuring peoples intelligence. （ D） High test scores in IQ test have little to do with real genius. 4 The several lobes in the cerebral cortex have the function of _ . （ A） handling the tasks about thinking （ B） controlling your actions （ C） dealing with speaking and hearing （ D） ha
31、ndling balance of the body 5 The study at the University of California in 2004 made a discovery that _ . （ A） how the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itself （ B） the brains total volume had a greater influence on intelligence （ C） the physical attributes of the body deter
32、mine how smart a person is （ D） the volume of gray matter in cerebral cortex had a greater influence on intelligence 6 If a person is considered to be a genius, what scores does he need to get in an IQ test? （ A） Lower than 90. （ B） Between 90 and 110. （ C） Between 110 and 140. （ D） As much as 140 o
33、r more. 7 What can be inferred from the fact that some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower in IQ tests? （ A） The questions in IQ tests are too difficult. （ B） The IQ tests are not safe enough. （ C） These people are not good at taking tests. （ D） These people are less i
34、ntelligent. 8 Why some self taught geniuses often make new discoveries in unexpected ways? （ A） Because their ideas are quite strange. （ B） Because they do not usually operate in isolation. （ C） Because they lack formal training. （ D） Because they often analyze the work of other great minds. 9 Some
35、creative people receive more stimuli from the outside world or ignore less of it, so they are more likely to suffer from _ . 10 The creativity of geniuses is not necessarily related to a young age, but more related to their _ . 11 Though there are still some mysteries about geniuses, its obvious tha
36、t they have made great contribution to the advancements in _ . Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will b
37、e spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Shed rather take a break later. （ B） She likes the suggestion. （ C） She never drinks soda. （ D） She doesnt think he is serio
38、us. （ A） Johns phone wasnt working. （ B） John wasnt at home when she called. （ C） The woman didnt get the right phone number of Johns. （ D） John was too busy to come. （ A） $36. （ B） $40. （ C） $100. （ D） $150.00 （ A） Drop out of the play. （ B） Switch parts with another actor. （ C） Be patient about le
39、arning his part. （ D） Have his lines memorized by tomorrow. （ A） By going on a diet. （ B） By reading more books. （ C） By riding a bike. （ D） By eating more fruits. （ A） Tea is better than coffee. （ B） The man should switch to tea. （ C） The man should drink coffee. （ D） The man shouldnt drink tea eit
40、her. （ A） In a doctors office. （ B） In an operating room. （ C） In a professors office. （ D） In a gymnasium. （ A） He thinks the woman is wasting her time. （ B） He thinks the woman should make full use of her time. （ C） He is eager to know the womans answer. （ D） He thinks there is no need for the wom
41、an to hurry. （ A） Employ them as lab assistants. （ B） Teach classes at their high school. （ C） Help them with their studies. （ D） Pay them for participating in the study. （ A） She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab. （ B） She wants to get practical experience. （ C） Shes interested in becoming
42、 a psychology major. （ D） She wants to earn extra money. （ A） Write their lab reports. （ B） Find out Professor Smiths schedule. （ C） Interview some high school students. （ D） Finish their chemistry experiment. （ A） He will go to California for a travel. （ B） He will invite his friend for a dinner. （
43、 C） He will go to a party. （ D） He will sing songs with friends for fun. （ A） She is not good at singing. （ B） She is afraid of meeting strange people. （ C） She can not drink too much. （ D） She doesnt like singing songs. （ A） He will practice the songs beforehand. （ B） He will drink some beers befor
44、e singing. （ C） He will give the microphone to the other friends. （ D） He is an outgoing person. （ A） Drink more beer. （ B） Sing the songs for the first time. （ C） Practice singing some songs in advance. （ D） Get rid of the shyness. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passag
45、es. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because they were created in Europe. （ B） Because they were too old.
46、（ C） Because the theaters were crowded. （ D） Because the tickets were overpriced. （ A） Lightness of movement. （ B） Beautiful scenery. （ C） Free expression. （ D） Enthusiastic music. （ A） They performed mainly in Europe. （ B） They imitated the techniques of ballet. （ C） They performed to classical mus
47、ic. （ D） Their works had no formal structure. （ A） The amount of vocabulary. （ B） Ability of reading and comprehension. （ C） English speaking. （ D） Listening ability. （ A） It can affect the ability of finding information. （ B） It decides the ability of reading newspaper. （ C） It can affect the abili
48、ty to earn a living. （ D） It decides the pleasure of reading. （ A） Students are encouraged to read more books. （ B） Reforms should be taken especially at the high school level. （ C） It is necessary to improve the education level. （ D） American adults should learn from the Asian adults. （ A） When you
49、 have small children. （ B） When you live in an apartment. （ C） When space is limited. （ D） When you live in the city. （ A） To look for a different lifestyle. （ B） To enjoy themselves. （ C） For adventure. （ D） For education. （ A） There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway. （ B） It has a dense population. （ C） There are many museums and palaces. （ D） It has many towering buildings. （ A） It helps develop our personalities. （ B） It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge. （ C） It makes our
